Analyzing Privacy and Security Implications of Smart Networks

This report discusses the personal and ethical implications of privacy in smart sensor and WiFi networks, focusing on the Australian State Government's Smart State Plan. It examines the types of people affected, behavioral changes in normal citizens and individuals, and implications of sensitive information on mobile devices. The report also explores the use of digital identity for maintaining privacy, detailing how it ensures citizen recognition and access to state services while safeguarding sensitive data. Furthermore, it outlines the steps for ensuring the security and privacy of digital identities, emphasizing the importance of authentication and data protection measures within these smart networks. This document is available on Desklib, a platform offering a wide range of study resources including past papers and solved assignments.

Running head: CLOUD PRIVACY AND SECURITY
Cloud Privacy and Security
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note:

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Table of Contents
1. Discussion of Personal and Ethical Implications for Privacy of Smart Sensor Network......2
2. Discussion of Personal and Ethical Implications for Privacy of Smart WiFi Network.........4
3. Use of Digital Identity for Maintaining Privacy....................................................................6
4. Steps for Ensuring Security and Privacy of Digital Identity..................................................9
References................................................................................................................................12

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1. Discussion of Personal and Ethical Implications for Privacy of Smart Sensor
Network.
a) Types or Categories of People Affected
Australian State Government has eventually reviewed the Smart Nation Plan of
Singapore Government and has taken the decision for implementing Smart State Plan
(Adamo et al., 2015). This particular plan comprises of the network of several cameras or
smart sensors at the traffic signals, rubbish bins as well as bus stops. This plan helped them
within their CBD for monitoring the behaviour of citizens and also addressing street crime.
The personal as well as ethical implication for the security of the Smart Sensor Network of
the Government solely affects the types or categories of citizens (De Gante, Aslan &
Matrawy, 2014).
The smart sensor is the device, which eventually takes the input from physical
environment and then utilizes the built in computing resources for performing several
predefined functionalities on the detection of typical input and processing the data even
before passing this data (Sim et al., 2013). These smart sensors help in enabling the accurate
or automatic collection of the data with lesser erroneous noise within the appropriate
recorded data. All of these devices could be utilized for the control and monitoring
mechanisms within the wider variety of several environments like smart grids, exploration of
applications and battlefield reconnaissance. The smart sensor is extremely vital and the
integral element within IoT or Internet of Things. The incrementing prevalent environment
could be outfitted with the UID or unique identifier (Lau, 2015). The ability for transmitting
data on the similar network or Internet is present in smart sensor. The most relevant
implementation of the smart sensor is as the component of any WSAN or wireless sensor and
actuator network.

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Smart sensor is mostly useful for the elderly people in any nation (Magno et al.,
2015). The Australian government will be helping the elderly people by implementing this
particular plan of Smart Nation, similar to Singapore government. Moreover, crime against
children would be reduced to a greater extent. When the smart sensors and cameras will be
implemented in the bus stops, traffic lights and rubbish bins, the citizens of the country will
be extremely benefitted from this (Ilyas & Mahgoub, 2016). The street crime will be much
lesser in respect to any other country. Hence, the types of people, who will be much affected
to the proposal, are elderly people and children.
b) Behavioural Changes from Normal Citizens
Several types of behavioural changes will be noticed from the normal citizens, once
this smart sensor and cameras will be installed by the Australian government (Maier &
Verikoukis, 2014). Street crime will be reduced and hence behavioural changes will occur
within the citizens. The first and the foremost change that will be noticed is that there will be
lesser amount of rules breaking in traffic signals. Traffic rules will be maintained by every
citizen. Crime will be reduced for children or elderly people. Since, the cameras and smart
sensors will be deployed in the rubbish bins, the normal citizens will be using these bins for
throwing their garbage and thus streets will be free from garbage (Rakovic et al., 2016). The
behaviour of citizens will be eventually monitored within the CBD of Australian State
Government. The bus stops will also be monitored by smart sensor network and thus
irregularity of buses will be stopped. Moreover, people will be punctual to a greater extent.
c) Changes in Individual Behaviours
Apart from the behavioural changes in normal citizens, changes in the individual
behaviour are also expected to be seen within the Australian State Government (Sivaraman et
al., 2015). The first and the most important change that is expected to be seen is the reduction

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of rules breaking. Each and every citizen will be following rules like traffic and legal.
Moreover, the selection of activities would also be altered with the implementation of this
smart sensor network within the Australian State Government. The next significant change
that is expected to be seen in every individual is change in the time schedule (Lee et al.,
2013). Every individual is expected to turn much punctual in respect to previous state plans.
With the help of this type of sensor, they can easily track their own time, without any type of
hassle and hence the time schedule is being maintained easily and promptly. The fourth
change in behaviour within every individual that is expected to be seen is using rubbish bins
and not throwing garbage on the road (Zeng, Pathak & Mohapatra, 2016). Since, they will be
having a fear of being caught; this particular change is obvious for every individual. Thus, the
above mentioned changes are common for the individuals and these could be expected from
them.
2. Discussion of Personal and Ethical Implications for Privacy of Smart WiFi Network
a) Types or Categories of People Affected
The Australian State Government has also planned to deploy a Smart WiFi Network
within the city. This particular network will be consisting of a series of sensor boxes for
acting as WiFi hotspots within the entire city (Wenbo, Quanyu & Zhenwei, 2015). This
would be allowing the introduction of a heterogeneous network where smart phones or any
other mobile devices for seamlessly switching between WiFi and mobile data.
Wireless Fidelity or WiFi technology is the specific technology for the radio wireless
LAN of devices. This particular Internet technology is considered as the fastest means of
Internet and hence deploying Smart WiFi Network will be an extremely important and
significant step for the growth of the city (Denkovski et al., 2015). Various types of people
will be affected with this typical technology. The first and the foremost type of people

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affected with the Smart WiFi Network is the youth generation. The youth generation uses the
maximum amount of Internet technology within their lifestyle. Hence, they will be the most
affected people with this smart WiFi network. The second most affected people will be
children. After the youth generation, children are the most affected people. Smart WiFi
network will help them in their education and other purposes (Ayyash et al., 2016).
Moreover, with the help of this particular network, parents will be able to track down the
activities of their children and thus cyber crime will be reduced to a great extent. Moreover,
this particular network will also be maintaining privacy and security for every citizen and
thus they can freely use their Internet technology without many complexities.
b) Behavioural Changes from Normal Citizens
Various changes are expected to be foreseen from the citizens, who are utilizing their
respective mobile devices within the CBD in Australian State Government (Maier &
Verikoukis, 2014). The most significant behavioural change that is expected from the normal
citizens is using Internet technology for better reasons. This type of activity will be reducing
cyber crime from the city, since the network will be tracking any type of illegal or non ethical
activity. The next behavioural change that is expected from the normal citizen is saving
mobile data and thus costs will be reduced (Rakovic et al., 2016). Since, the citizens will be
able to seamlessly switch between their mobile data and Wireless Fidelity, the excess usage
of mobile data will be reduced to a great extent.
c) Changes in Individual Behaviours
Apart from the changes in the behaviour of normal citizens, the changes in the
individual behaviours are also expected to be seen. The most significant change that is
expected to be seen in the individual behaviours is using lesser amount of mobile data
(Sivaraman et al., 2015). Each and every individual can be able to seamlessly switch between

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their mobile data and Wireless Fidelity or WiFi and thus wastage of mobile data will be
stopped. The second important change that is expected to be seen from every individual is
that they will not be involved in any type of cyber crime or cyber threat. Legal rules will be
maintained with extremity and hence discipline will be maintained. The Smart WiFi Network
comprises of the series of sensor boxes for acting as WiFi hotspots (Lee et al., 2013). Hence,
the State Government will be able to track down every illegal or unauthorized activity. For
the children, the parents will be able to track down their activities and thus their focus will
not be shifted to any type wrong deed.
d) Implications after having Sensitive Information on Mobile Device
Since, the Smart WiFi network is forming an entire network with wireless fidelity or
WiFi hotspots, the sensitive information is always at stake for any individual. Any specific
individual never wants to share their personal or sensitive information or data over a public
hotspot (Zeng, Pathak & Mohapatra, 2016). The main reason of this fear is losing
confidentiality and integrity from the data or information. However, the Australian State
Government has kept in mind regarding this threat and they have implemented various
security features within their smart WiFi network. There is almost no chance of losing any
type of confidential or sensitive information, present in the mobile devices of the individuals,
from that particular WiFi network (Wenbo, Quanyu & Zhenwei, 2015). Hence, this particular
smart WiFi network will be extremely efficient and effective for the citizens of Australian
government.
3. Use of Digital Identity for Maintaining Privacy
The Smart State Plan would even enrol each and every citizen with a specific Digital
Identity for ensuring that all of them could correctly be recognized and could access the
services that are been provided by the state both physically and electronically (Beck, 2015).

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The security and privacy of the citizens is kept on top and thus there is no chance of losing
sensitive data or information from personal mobile devices. The Digital Identity is the
specific information on any entity that is utilized by the computer systems for representing to
any particular external agent (Grassi, Garcia & Fenton, 2017). This agent could be anything,
like a person, an application, an organization or even a device. The information that is
contained within a digital identity eventually enables for the purpose of authentication and
assessments of a user, who is interacting with any of the business system over the Internet
connectivity. Digital identities are responsible for allowing access to the services and
computers, which they are providing to be completely automated and made possible for the
system to be mediated (Williams et al., 2013).
The Smart State Plan has ensured that with the help of this digital identity, no
sensitive information will be leaked and every individual can enjoy his or her privacy and
security immensely. Moreover, the information will not be publicly available and will not be
anonymized with the help of digital identity (Stoller, 2013). This digital identity is even
utilized in various methods, which require data regarding the persons that are stored within
the computer system and are to be linked with the national as well as civil identities.
The utilization of the digital identities is extremely widespread. This digital identity
solely refers to the complete collectiveness of information that is generated by the online
activities of that particular citizen (Zaidi, Rahulamathavan & Rajarajan, 2013). This type of
information mainly includes username and password, online search activity, birth dates,
social security numbers, as well as purchasing history. The social and the legal effects of the
digital identities are extremely challenging and complex (Vivienne, 2016).

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The privacy of the mobile services is maintained with the implementation and
deployment of digital identities within the Smart State Plan (Koole & Parchoma, 2013). The
various services are as follows:
i) The first service is Identity Federation that helps to enable single sign on.
ii) The next service is easy on board portal services.
iii) The third service is End User permission based information sharing service.
iv) The next service is simple mobile login for accessing the web services with only
one click experience (Ko & Choo, 2015).
v) The fifth service is the secured authentication as well as transaction with the
utilization of the unique secret code.
vi) The final service of digital identity for privacy purpose is the qualified digital
signatures with the proper utilization of the advanced digital certificates and even public key
signature service.
The increasing digital economies would be bringing the massive opportunities since
the connectivity is increased and distance is evaporated as the major barrier (Zaidi,
Rahulamathavan & Rajarajan, 2013). The access to the state advantages and the range of
several other services has the significant potential for becoming faster, easier, and even more
inclusive. For the citizens of Australian State Government, the digital identities will bring
privacy as well as security for the information or data they would be sharing. However, for
ensuring that this digital identity is absolutely safe and secure and truly inclusive for
everyone to use, this needs a thoughtful and shared development of the required balances and
checks (Williams et al., 2013).

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4. Steps for Ensuring Security and Privacy of Digital Identity
The various steps for ensuring privacy or security of the digital identities within the
Smart State Plan are given below:
i) Reduction of using Social Media Profile: This is the first step for ensuring security
and privacy of digital identity (Stoller, 2013). The maximum data is shared over Internet, the
easier it becomes for someone to acquire it.
The main advantage of this step is that sensitive information will not be lost at any
chance and the main disadvantage of this step is that the user will be detached from the rest of
the world.
ii) Selection about sharing social security number: The second step is being choosy
regarding sharing of the social security number (Vivienne, 2016). When someone gets the
access of this information and has the data such as address, bank details or birth date, they
could easily steal the identity and could take out the credit cards as well as pile up the other
debt. Moreover, the last four digits of the social security numbers must only be utilized
whenever required.
The main advantage of this step is that bank details of the citizens will be safe and
secured and the main disadvantage of this step is that the any type of transaction could not be
done without sharing the social security number over the Internet (Ko & Choo, 2015).
iii) Locking down of Hardware: The third step is locking down of the hardware. The
personal computer should be set up with a password whenever it is waking up from sleep or
even booting up (Grassi, Garcia & Fenton, 2017). Similar thing is to be done with the mobile
devices. A proper password should be kept for locking or unlocking the mobile services. This
code is required whenever the phone is being used or an application is being installed. This

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would be helpful in locating the phones or tablets whenever they are stolen or lost, as well as
wiping it or locking it for cleaning of any data, so that stranger cannot get any access to the
data that is saved in it (Beck, 2015). In addition, anti malware software and applications
should be present in every device.
The main advantage of this step is that no virus effect or data loss will occur and the
main disadvantage of this step is that every time the device has to be unlocked with
password.
iv) Turn on private browsing: Another important step is turning on private browsing.
This helps to delete the cookies with digital identities and hence the services and devices are
absolutely safe and secured (Vivienne, 2016). Any type of online shopping and browsing is
much more secured with the help of private browsing. Digital identities can be easily
deployed and implemented with the security.
The main advantage of this step is that cookies could be easily deleted and the main
disadvantage of this step is that few sites are blocked and could not be accessed with private
browsing.
v) Using of a password vault that generates and remembers strong and unique
passwords: Maximum people have the knowledge better than using the identical password in
more than one application or website (Zaidi, Rahulamathavan & Rajarajan, 2013). In general,
this could be impossible for remembering the different one for the dozens of the online
services that are being used. The major problem with utilizing the identical password in more
than one place is when anyone gets access over the password, for example, through a specific
phishing attack; they could easily access all the accounts of the user and could cause every
type of trouble (Lau, 2015). For the purpose of eliminating this particular dilemma, a
password manager is to be used that would not only remember all the passwords, but also

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would be generating extremely strong as well as unique one after automatically filling them
into the login fields with only one click of the button.

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