Compare and Contrast Globalization Perspectives Essay

This essay provides a comprehensive comparison and contrast of the pro-globalization and anti-globalization perspectives. It defines globalization as the integration of people, companies, and governments across the world, facilitating political, economic, social, and cultural connections. The essay explores the core arguments of each perspective, including the pro-globalization view that emphasizes economic growth, free trade, and the reduction of poverty, using examples such as China's economic rise and the benefits of international business, increased tourism, and employment opportunities. The anti-globalization perspective, however, is presented as opposing the rising global influence and power of interconnectedness, arguing that it increases the gap between rich and poor, harms the environment, and threatens human rights. The essay discusses the impacts of free trade, employment opportunities, and technological advancements, highlighting both the benefits and the drawbacks of globalization, such as job losses in developed nations and the exploitation of labor. The essay concludes by acknowledging the complexities of globalization and the need to consider both the advantages and disadvantages of this multifaceted phenomenon.

Pro or anti-Globalization
12/28/2018

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Compare and contrast the pro- and anti-globalisation perspectives
on globalisation
Globalisation is the process of the integration and interaction among people, companies
and the government across the world. It strengthens the political, economic, social and cultural
relations among the companies and countries through the global boundaries. Global production
and markets provide the business organisation with an opportunity and progress in the
technology. This essay includes the discussion related to the comparison and contrast of the anti-
and pro-globalisation perspectives on globalisation. These are the major perspectives of the
globalisation which are discussed below with support of arguments.
Globalisation: - Globalisation is considered as the movement of the goods and people in
the different parts of the countries. According to McGrew, Globalisation is defined as the inter-
connectedness in terms of the economic, political and cultural matters in the world (Perraton,
Goldblatt, Held and McGrew, 1997). It contributes in creating the shared social space in the
world. This has been evidence that different authors have diverse views on globalisation.
Considering this author, defines globalisation is key process of change in the contemporary
world and this is one of the fiercely and widely debated concept. Further, the researcher through
light on the age of globalisation that began with the day the Berlin Wall came down. From that
moment in 1989, the trends were evident in late 1970s and accelerated throughout 1980s. The
globalisation leads to the free movement of capital, goods, trickle-down economics and many
others. In addition to this, another author stated that globalisation is highly complex set of
processes (Globalization, 2008). It is refer to as the multi-dimenstional movement or the flow of
goods, technology, information, people, ideas and practice of cultural across the world. In other

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words, the globalisation can be defined as the intensification of the world-wide social relations
which link to the distant localities (Peter Dicken, 2015). There are different perspectives of the
globalisation that are neo-liberal (pro-globalisation) and anti-globalisation (neo-marxist/and
populist right).
Pro-globalisation and anti-globalisation
Pro-globalisation is referring to like the policies that promote the rise in trade, open
communication with the unobstructed movement of the persons between the states (Beck, 2018).
The businesses who take the advantage of the globalisation support the policies like free trade,
offshored manufacturing and many others. Along with this, they also oppose limitations which
majorly include charges, bans and other worldwide obstructive monetary and different
governmental activities by the national administrations.
Contrasting this, anti-globalisation refers to as opposition to the rise in the global
influence and power of the political, social and economic interconnection. In other words, it is
the perception of members who are against the globalization and capitalism. In the anti-
globalisation, the companies can accomplish the community, personal and the financial goals
without the adverse significances that are linked with globalisation because they don’t favour the
same. This perspective of globalisation is blamed for increasing the gap between the poor and
rich which leads to the destruction in the environment and for threatening the human rights
(Giddens, 2018).
Pro-globalisation view
The pro-globalisation view is that globalisation is an effective thing that the countries are
required to embrace the beliefs of the neoliberal with the motive to reduce the barriers to trade,

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subsidies and public expenditures. Thus, all these factors contribute in reducing the poverty and
enhancing the economic growth. This is evidence from the economic growth of China, the
country has the second largest economy across the world. The growth is clear from 2008 in
which there was increase in annual rate by 8% in 2008 and 9.6% in 2009. Moreover, the country
becomes the major exporter and importer of the products. In 2010, the china overtook US with
the biggest trading partner in Africa (Dicken, 2015). Though, contradicting the same, it is found
that the anti-globalisation leads to the insecurity towards the job and rise in the inequality with
the view of the McGrew.
Pro-globalisation specifically shows the positive side of the advancement and happening
that are resultant of the globalisation. Supporters of the globalization state the different opinions
that have the probable to make the other understand about the benefits of it with the support of
the difficulties like poverty and unemployment that are resolved with the support of globalisation
(Baylis, Smith and Owens, 2017). Free trade is to bring the reduction in the taxes, tariffs,
subsidies and different barriers among the nations. This is the only way through which the
poverty in the countries can be brought down. Though, there are still numerous barriers that
affect the countries to gain the advantage of globalisation. For instance; According to the
Washington Post story, the problem is that the big G20 countries added to over 1,200 restrictive
export and import that measure since the year 2008 (Coollins, 2015). Contrasting this, it has been
found globalisation is expected to be related with the free trade but some or the other example of
it shows the numerous obstacles and barriers. For example; 161 nations have put on the value
added taxes (VATs) on the import of the products which are high as 21.6% in Europe (Coollins,
2015). Thus, this shows that the trade is not considered as the free trade as it involves different
types of taxes that are present and supposed to be paid by the companies.

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The globalisation contributes to promote the economic growth which is possible when it
contributes to create the jobs and reduce the unemployment. Moreover, globalisation is the way
through which the companies are able to reduce the prices for the customers and to make the
companies perform in a competitive manner because of the easy availability of the resources
(Baylis, Smith and Owens, 2017). The competition in the market reduces the prices of the
products that are offered by the company. In addition to this, competition between the countries
might affect the prices but most of the times the countries manipulate their currency which gives
a price advantage.
One of the major pro-globalisation is to offer foreign capital and technology to the poor
countries with motive to form economically and by dispersing richness in the country. This is
possible because of the availability of the free trade within the countries. Moreover, the
globalisation leads to the world economically good as this helps in producing the more prosperity
and wealth which is one of the effective ways to contribute in the global economy. Thus, this can
be concluded that effective contribution will reduce the poverty among the countries. The biggest
improvement has been witnessed in East Asia and much of it is accounted for by china (Dicken,
2015). This has been found that hundreds of people lifted out of poverty majorly in sub-Saharan
Africa and south Asia with the major proportions in 16 African countries over 50% population
lives on the less than $ 1.25/day.
Proliferated international business: - Strong and better-quality facilities of the transport
and communication system act as an impetus for the international business to develop and
cultivate at a quicker pace. After the 20th century, the rapid growth was observed because of the
pro-globalisation effects. Moreover, the international businesses are comprised of all the
commercial transactions which include private sales, investments, transportation and logistics

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that can take place among two or more regions, countries, nations beyond the boundaries of
political elements (Terry, Mark and Gordon, 2011). According to the recent McKinsey Global
Institute report, the flow of goods and service with the business reached. Approx. $26 trillion in
the year 2012 or it is approx. 36 % of the world GDP which is approx. 1.5 times the level in the
year 1990.
In addition, this has been evident that explosion in the global communication is possible because
of globalisation as it offers the advances in the worlds communication infrastructure that can be
in the form of digital, cable and fibre optic technology. This has been evident when technology is
growing with the rise in internet access which is taking place in Asia, Africa, Middle East and
Latin America.
Increase in the international tourism: - Tourism is considered as one of the most
popular leisure activities and with the support of the WHO it is estimated that more than 5
million people across the world travel in the flight at any one time with the specific motive that
can be tourism. The rise in the globalisation has opened the doors for the tourism industry which
makes the people travel long distances (Dwyer, 2015). This has been found that in the year 2010,
there were more than 940 million international tourist arrivals across the world. This leads to the
rise in the expenditure on the travel by the people across the world which gives rise to the
economy of countries. Moreover, it will also support the other industries to perform their
business operations effectively. This has been found that most of the people speedy travel, quick
dissemination and mass communication of the information by the Internet as the advantages of
the globalisation (Wachowiak, 2016). Though, the rapid innovation and spreading of technology
across the world lead to the many failures and technology disruption which leads to the breach of
the security related to the data and failures.

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Employment Opportunities: - Pro-globalist argues that the globalisation will lead to
new employment opportunities across the world. Companies include MNCs like McDonald’s,
Pizza Hut, Zara and many other set their business operations in foreign countries which makes
them hire more employees. Thus, this shows the rise in hiring of employees across the world and
leads to a rise in an economy (Elger, 2015). Contrasting this, this has been found that in the anti-
globalisation the personnel in the industrialized nations like US face the wage-cut demands from
the managers who give threaten to transfer the works from the other countries which will
contribute in saving the cost. This shows that it has shaped the values of the fear for different
middle-class employees who might find the less leverage in this global game. In addition to this,
it is found that the MNCs generally accused because of the social justice, unfair working
conditions with the lack of environment, mismanagement of natural resources with the
ecological damage and many others (Basu, 2016). Further, this has been found that globalisation
has led to the exploitation of the labour which is evident when criminals and youth workers are
used to work and found themselves in inappropriate situations.
Example of china and other countries
In addition, the biggest problem which is faced by the advanced nations is the loss of jobs
in the nation due to the developing nations (McLaren, 2017). Considering the conservative
estimates of the Robert Scott of the economic policy institute, granting China as the greatest
preferred country grade drained over 3.2 million jobs which include approx. 2.4 million
industrial occupations. The net damages were majorly faced because of the issue of trade
shortage with Japan ($78.3 billion in the year 2013) at 896,000 jobs with 682,900 jobs additional
from Mexico-U.S trade-deficit run-up from the year 1994 through 2010 (Coollins, 2015).
Considering the views of the World Bank, this has been found that china participation in the

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globalisation remain positive. This is evident that when the economy of the world was weak then
china’s economy that was blighting like a spots (Perraton, Goldblatt, Held and McGrew, 1997).
Rise in competition and improved technologies: - The pro-globalisation leads to the
survival in the new global business markets calls with the motive to improve the productivity and
competition. This has been found that the markets are spreading across the world and the
companies in the different industries need to upgrade their products with the use of the advanced
technologies. The rise in the competition can be faced by the company with the use of
technology in innovating products (Narula, 2014). Though, the rise in competition is one of the
factors due to which the companies are not able to attain high profits. Further, innovation in the
technology is making the country advance like USA; the country is advance in terms of the
technology because it is one of the developed countries who adopted the globalisation in the
early years only.
Anti-globalisation view
While talking about the anti-globalist, the zone is separated into the two camps which
include one belonging to the developed countries which majorly include US and EU national
whose argument is majorly based on the threat of job loss in the countries because of the rise in
globalisation and unemployment of the skilled people (Veltmeyer, 2017). The second camp is
majorly from the developing and developed countries that face the threat of their economy,
social values and culture with political independence. This takes place because these countries
believe that MNC makes use of economy of the country for their own benefit rather than for the
growth of the entire country.

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Global inequality: - This has been found that anti-globalisation leads to the rise in global
inequality. The inequality is explained by world banks as the difference of the revenue and
standard of living between the citizens and nations (Meyer, 2017). The income gap among the
countries includes the wide gap between the rich and poor has become substantial. This has been
found that globalisation has offered the opportunity to make the rich more rick while this makes
the non-rich poorer.
Rising inequality among the countries has been the affected rise in the portion of the
salary is going to be at top with a failure in share of those at bottommost. Along with this, a
inactivity of the profits generally takes place in the middle. In the year 2010, the top 10%
received 31% of all the income, the bottom 10% is received in only 1%. Further, in terms of the
wealth 2010, 45% of the entire wealth in the UK was held by the richest 10% only (The Equality
Trust, 2017). Moreover, the poorest 10% held only 1%. This is evident in the image given below:
-

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(Source: The Equality Trust, 2017)
Drug and illicit goods trade: - UNODC (United Nations office on drugs and crime)
presented a paper that the worldwide drug job leads over $320 billion a day in terms of revenues.
The globalisation leads to the rise in the trade related to the drug and illicit goods which majorly
include Chinese medicines that are prepared from the ingredients like leaf, stem, root, seahorses,
rhinoceros, horns and many others (Potrafke and Ursprung, 2012). Thus, this is considered as
one of the biggest factors that affect the culture and society because the trade takes place with the
rise in the demand. This makes the countries to adopt different cultures that can affect the
citizens of the country.
Poverty: - Globalisation has a negative effect on the society and contributes effectively
in increasing the poverty across the world. Robert Reich, a well-known economist reflected that
large foreign multinational companies are forming their business in the developing country due
to which they are taking away the business from the domestic competitors. Thus, this has been
found that multinational locate most of their assets, owners, research and development activities
in their home countries (Globalization, 2008). The local companies are expanding their business
in other market which makes the people poorer. This also contributes in increasing the inequality
among the people across the world.
At the end of the paper, this can be concluded that pro-globalisation lobby argues about
the opportunities that increase for everyone with the emergence of globalisation. In addition to
this, the rise in the competition is one of the factors which make the agents of production more
efficient. Though, on the other hand, the anti-globalisation group argues that there are a
particular group of individuals who are deprived in relations of the capitals that are not presently

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capable of functioning within the increasing burden of competition. Contradicting this, the anti-
globalisation group claims that there are definite clusters of people that majorly deprived in
relation to the resources that are incapable of performing the functioning in the increased
pressure of the competition that will bring about by permitting their economic to remain more
linked with the world. Thus, this has been found that globalisation is considered as the double-
edged sword which can directly affect the way we live and work positively and negatively. The
industries and the companies enjoy the benefits of globalisation with this the developing
countries require to learn the way to compete and will remain dependent on others.

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References
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Globalization (2008)The Haves and the Have Nots [Online]. Available from:
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Peter Dicken (2015) Introduction to Global Shift. Part I. [Online]. Available from:
https://study.sagepub.com/dicken7e/student-resources/chapter-2/chapter- 3 [Accessed on 28th
December 2018]
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