Challenges and Problems of Migration in Canada - PSCI 3307A

This report examines the multifaceted challenges faced by immigrants in Canada. It begins with an overview of Canadian immigration policies and the various categories of immigrants, including family class, economic immigrants, refugees, and those admitted for humanitarian reasons. The research delves into the problems immigrants encounter, such as language barriers, cultural differences, difficulties finding employment, and accessing essential services like housing and healthcare. The report outlines research objectives, questions, and rationale, highlighting the impact of these challenges on immigrants' daily lives. A comprehensive literature review explores themes related to immigration in Canada, common problems faced by immigrants, health issues, and the support systems available. The methodology section details the research approach, including philosophy, data collection, and analysis methods. The report then analyzes the data, providing insights into the key challenges and concluding with recommendations for addressing these issues.

PROBLEMS OF MIGRATION IN CANADA
Problems of Migration in Canada
Name of Student
Name of University
Author Note

1PROBLEMS OF MIGARTION IN CANADA
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................................3
1.0 Overview................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Problem Statement............................................................................................................4
1.2 Research Aim....................................................................................................................4
1.3 Research Objectives..........................................................................................................4
1.4 Research Questions...........................................................................................................5
1.5 Research Rationale............................................................................................................5
1.6 Research Structure............................................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Literature Review...........................................................................................................7
2.1 Overview................................................................................................................................7
Theme 1: Immigration in Canada................................................................................................7
Theme 2: Problems with Immigrants..........................................................................................7
Theme 3: Health Problems Faced by the Immigrants.................................................................8
Theme 4: Support Received by the Immigrants..........................................................................9
Chapter 3: Proposed Research Methodology................................................................................10
3.1: Overview............................................................................................................................10
3.2: Research Outline.................................................................................................................10
3.3: Research Philosophy...........................................................................................................11
3.3[1]: Justification of Research Philosophy.............................................................................11

2PROBLEMS OF MIGARTION IN CANADA
3.4: Research Approach.............................................................................................................11
3.4[1]: Justification of Research Approach...............................................................................12
3.5: Data Collection Process......................................................................................................12
3.5[1]: Justification of Data Collection Process........................................................................12
3.6: Data Analysis Method........................................................................................................12
3.6[1]: Justification of Data Analysis Method...........................................................................13
3.7: Ethical Considerations........................................................................................................13
3.8: Research Timeline..............................................................................................................14
GANTT chart.............................................................................................................................14
References......................................................................................................................................15

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Chapter 1: Introduction
1.0 Overview
Canada is one of the few countries who have willingly opened their gates to residents of
foreign countries. The first law that covered the problem of migration was formulated in the year
1947, after that the policy has undergone some major changes and the new policy that was
formed was Immigration Act, 19761. The latest law that is present in Canada to address the
problems of immigration is the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act, which was formulated
in the year 20022. There are usually four types’ immigrants in Canada: family class, these are the
people that have close relatives living in Canada3. The second are economic immigrants; these
are the skilled laborers and the people who visit Canada for business purposes. The third types of
immigrants are the refugees, these are the people who have escaped their country because of
some civil war or unrest in their native lands or they are escaping from cruelty in their own land4.
Lastly, there are the humanitarian and other categories of immigrants. These are the people who
have been accepted in Canada for compassionate or humanitarian reason. These people who
migrate face numerous issues as they have to settle from their motherland to a completely
different part of the world. These problems can be of different natures like facing language
barriers, problems getting employment, proper housing, and access to different services among
others. The cultural difference is also a major change that immigrants have to deal. One person
1 Ortega, F., & Peri, G. (2013). The effect of income and immigration policies on international migration. Migration
Studies, 1(1), 47-74.
2 Ortega, F., & Peri, G. (2013). The effect of income and immigration policies on international migration. Migration
Studies, 1(1), 47-74.
3 Ortega, F., & Peri, G. (2013). The effect of income and immigration policies on international migration. Migration
Studies, 1(1), 47-74.
4 Ortega, F., & Peri, G. (2013). The effect of income and immigration policies on international migration. Migration
Studies, 1(1), 47-74.

4PROBLEMS OF MIGARTION IN CANADA
who shifts from one country to another faces major cultural differentiation, as culture varies from
one place to the other. This proposal will look into the problems that the immigrants in Canada
faces when they arrive at a new country in this case its Canada.
1.1 Problem Statement
This research will look into the various problems of immigrations like language barriers,
cultural differences, getting proper employment, access to various services can be
problematic especially when the language in unknown, there could be issues with
transportation, there are new places that an immigrant needs to know, the ways to reach
those places is also troublesome as it is a whole new country, housing is also an issue with
immigrants. The number of immigrants is increasing day by day so getting a proper housing
with all kinds of facilities is a problem. This research will look into these issues that an
immigrant faces on a daily basis
1.2 Research Aim
The aim of this research is to look into the problems that an immigrant in Canada faces.
1.3 Research Objectives
The various objectives of the research are:
1) To understand the reasons for the increasing numbers of immigrants.
2) To analyze the problems that the immigrants face in Canada.
3) To examine the effect that the immigration has on the general native population of the
country.
4) To analyze the laws that protects the immigrants in the foreign land.
5) To suggest few ways in which the challenges faced by the immigrants can be reduced.

5PROBLEMS OF MIGARTION IN CANADA
1.4 Research Questions
The research questions based on the aims of this research are as follows:
1) Why the numbers of immigrants in Canada is increasing?
2) What are the problems that the immigrants in Canada face?
3) What is the effect the immigration in Canada has in the native population?
4) What are the laws that protect the immigrants in Canada?
5) What are the ways in which the challenges faced by the immigrants can be reduced?
1.5 Research Rationale
The issue that this research will focus on is the problems that the immigrants in Canada face.
The challenges that the immigrants face in Canada are multifaceted. It can be anything from
getting foreign credentials to understanding and learning a new language. For the new
immigrants in the country of Canada, getting a proper job or finding employment can be a major
problem. Sometimes the people who are displaced face a lot of trouble in the country; firstly they
have to settle in a new home. These people could be from a financially well to do family in their
native land, but when they migrate to a new country, they might not be able to get the all the
privileges that they enjoyed in their native land. It takes a lot of time to learn a new language,
before learning the language, travelling, accessing services everything becomes a problem.
Without knowing the new language, getting a job is all also a problem. It takes a lot of time get
used to the work culture in Canada, as every country has their own culture and getting used to it
is a big problem for everyone. They have to bridge the gap between the native and the
immigrants. The culture shock takes some time to get used to. It is believed that the culture
shock usually passes through three stages: first is the honeymoon phase where whatever an
immigrant sees seems positive and exciting. The second phase is frustration; this usually comes

6PROBLEMS OF MIGARTION IN CANADA
when a person feels isolated, angry and sad. The third phase is acceptance, this is the stage where
the immigrant starts to accept the new surrounding and gets used to everything around them. by
the end of the last stage they make a compromise between honeymoon and frustration. These are
the problems that plague that immigrant population in Canada. This research looks into this area,
where exactly are the problems, the way they cope up with it.
1.6 Research Structure
The first section of the research will give an overview of the research. The aims, objectives
and the questions that the research will answer will be addressed in this section. For this research
the first part will talk about the problems that the immigrants in Canada face.
The second section of the research will look into the work that has already been done in this
field of immigration problem. All the journals and the articles that have been written previously
on the topic of immigration and the problems associated with it. The books that have been
written about the immigration problem will also be analyzed in this section of the research.
The third section of the research will talk about the methodology that will be used to
complete the research. This research will be done using the philosophy of positivism with a
deductive approach. The data that will be used for the research will be secondary and will be
analyzed using a qualitative method.
The fourth section of the research is the analysis of the data gathered from secondary
sources. In this case secondary data will be analyzed qualitatively.
The fifth section of the research will conclude the research. The entire researched will be
summarized in this section and if the research demands some recommendations then it will be
provided in this section. This is the final section of the research.

7PROBLEMS OF MIGARTION IN CANADA
Chapter 2: Literature Review
2.1 Overview
Theme 1: Immigration in Canada
The immigrants in Canada are increasing everyday as Canada is one such country who
keeps their doors open for the immigrants. The Canadian president Justin Trudeau talked about
the ways Canada is a better home for the immigrants than the United States5. Although the whole
of Canada is not as welcoming as the president of the country. Recently in a poll which was done
by the people in Canada said that the government should limit the number of immigrants that
enter the land as they are exhausting the resources. 65% of the Canadians voted for limiting the
number of immigrants who come into Canada6. Sometimes Canada does not want the immigrants
although the image that they have is very liberal. The government despite welcoming a lot of
immigrants has few of the most restrictive policies when it comes to immigration7. The problem
of immigration is not new in Canada. They from the very beginning have been open to the
immigrants but currently there are reports that the Canadians are reporting against it.
Immigration mainly takes place because of the problems that occur in the native land or because
the person wants to relocate to a new place where their relatives stay8. The problem of
immigration will only be a problem if the host country deals with it in a negative manner.
Theme 2: Problems with Immigrants
When a person migrates from one place to another, there are some problems that they
have to deal with. The immigrants go through a plenty of problem such as health issues, issues
5 Hinchliffe, E. (2018). Canada's Advantage Over the United States? Immigration, Says Justin Trudeau. Fortune.
6 Wright, T. (2019). Majority of Canadians think immigration should be limited: poll. Global News.
7Keller, T. (2018). Canada Has Its Own Ways of Keeping Out Unwanted Immigrants. The Atlantic.
8 justiceforimmigrants.org. (2019). Root Causes of Migration. Justice for Immigrants.

8PROBLEMS OF MIGARTION IN CANADA
with learning a new language, employment issues among others. In Canada also there are such
problems that immigrants deal with on a daily basis. According to reports from Canadian
government, majority of the immigrants have reported that the problem that they face mostly is
related to finding jobs9. There are other problems that the migrant population face such as
language barriers, difficulty finding a job because of the language problems, the natives often
make fun of the immigrants because of the accent that they have10.
Theme 3: Health Problems Faced by the Immigrants
The immigrant populations face a multiple problems; among them is the problem with
the health of the immigrants. Many immigrants after coming to the country of Canada go through
few serious health problems, this is mainly because of the change in their patterns of nutrition,
the11. The people that migrate are used to a certain type of diet in their own country but when
they shift to another country, the food that they get is considerably different from what they are
used to. They also get various types of disease that is related to the stomach like inflammatory
bowels disease12. This mostly occurs in the children that migrate to Canada. The children are at
high risk of getting the disease as their whole environment change when they migrate to a new
country. The kids are young and vulnerable and the chances of catching a disease are more.
Some of the immigrants when arrive at the Canada are already sick and during their stay at the
new country their health sometimes detoriates13. This is because of the fact that the first few
9 www150.statcan.gc.ca. (2019). Chart 4 Greatest difficulties new immigrants faced since arriving in Canada.
www150.statcan.gc.ca.
10 immigration.simcoe.ca.(2019). Challenges Immigrants Face - Immigration Simcoe. Immigration.simcoe.ca.
11 Sanou, D., O’Reilly, E., Ngnie-Teta, I., Batal, M., Mondain, N., Andrew, C. & Bourgeault, I. L. (2014).
Acculturation and nutritional health of immigrants in Canada: a scoping review. Journal of Immigrant and Minority
Health, 16(1), 24-34.
12 Benchimol, E. I., Mack, D. R., Guttmann, A., Nguyen, G. C., To, T., Mojaverian, N. & Manuel, D. G. (2015).
Inflammatory bowel disease in immigrants to Canada and their children: a population-based cohort study. The
American journal of gastroenterology, 110(4), 553.
13 Kim, I. H., Carrasco, C., Muntaner, C., McKenzie, K., & Noh, S. (2013). Ethnicity and postmigration health
trajectory in new immigrants to Canada. American Journal of Public Health, 103(4), e96-e104.

9PROBLEMS OF MIGARTION IN CANADA
years in a new country is quite challenging and because of the kinds of food that they get which
is very new to their palate they get sicker. They do not properly take in much of the food. There
are also some studies that have discovered that the diabetes is a common problem among the
migrants14. This problem is common among the newly arrived immigrants15. Often the places that
the immigrants reside in are not in sanitary conditions and this leads to the a lot of diseases in the
newly arrived population.
Theme 4: Support Received by the Immigrants
The newly arrived population sometimes do not the amount receive support that is
needed for them to settle into the new land. If the immigrants do not receive the necessary
support that is needed by them, they might be conducive to mental health disease16. The reason
for their mental condition is the fact that they have to shift from one place to another, to a new
country which is not their homeland. The person shifting could come from a financially good
background but they do not get to live the way that they have been in living in their country.
Sometimes these immigrants do not receive the support that they are expected to get because of
the discrimination that they face from the natives17. Factors like ethnicity, race, and religion can
be major reasons for which the immigrant population faces racism in the host country18. The
immigrants also try to integrate into the host country, they put in their own effort to work along
14 Booth, G. L., Creatore, M. I., Moineddin, R., Gozdyra, P., Weyman, J. T., Matheson, F. I., & Glazier, R. H.
(2013). Unwalkable neighborhoods, poverty, and the risk of diabetes among recent immigrants to Canada compared
with long-term residents. Diabetes Care, 36(2), 302-308.
15 Booth, G. L., Creatore, M. I., Moineddin, R., Gozdyra, P., Weyman, J. T., Matheson, F. I., & Glazier, R. H.
(2013). Unwalkable neighborhoods, poverty, and the risk of diabetes among recent immigrants to Canada compared
with long-term residents. Diabetes Care, 36(2), 302-308.
16 Chadwick, K. A., & Collins, P. A. (2015). Examining the relationship between social support availability, urban
center size, and self-perceived mental health of recent immigrants to Canada: A mixed-methods analysis. Social
Science & Medicine, 128, 220-230.
17 Nangia, P. (2013). Discrimination experienced by landed immigrants in Canada. Ryerson Centre for Immigration
and Settlement.
18 Nangia, P. (2013). Discrimination experienced by landed immigrants in Canada. Ryerson Centre for Immigration
and Settlement

10PROBLEMS OF MIGARTION IN CANADA
with the native population, the immigrants sometimes gets involved in the religious and secular
organizations that are present in Canada19. There are ways in which the immigrant population
tries to integrate into the groups of the host country in order to live in accordance with the host
population20.
Chapter 3: Proposed Research Methodology
3.1: Overview
In order to carry out the research on the problems that the migrant population face in the
country of Canada, data will be collected from the secondary sources of journals, articles, books
and newspaper articles. The primary aim of this research is to analyze the various problems that
migrant population faces. To analyze this problem, the philosophy of positivism will be used
along with a deductive approach. The data collected will be secondary and after the collection of
the data it will be analyzed by employing a qualitative method21.
3.2: Research Outline
For doing this research a positivist philosophy will be used. This particular philosophy is
used because of the nature of the research, the research will based on already written articles and
journals, from there the aims and objectives would be found out. The literature of the research
will be analyzed by a deductive approach, because the research would be based on the journals
19 Wang, L., & Handy, F. (2014). Religious and secular voluntary participation by immigrants in Canada: How trust
and social networks affect decision to participate. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit
Organizations, 25(6), 1559-1582.
20 Kunst, J. R., Thomsen, L., Sam, D. L., & Berry, J. W. (2015). “We are in this together” common group identity
predicts majority members’ active acculturation efforts to integrate immigrants. Personality and Social Psychology
Bulletin, 41(10), 1438-1453.
21 Loh, J. (2013). Inquiry into issues of trustworthiness and quality in narrative studies: A perspective. The
qualitative report, 18(33), 1-15.

11PROBLEMS OF MIGARTION IN CANADA
and books that have already been written by the scholars. The entire research is a descriptive
study and the data will be analyzed in a qualitative manner22.
3.3: Research Philosophy
There are two kinds of research philosophies that are followed in a research, first are a
interpretivism philosophy and the second is the philosophy of positivism. This research will done
using the philosophy of positivism. This means that this research is done on the basis of the
already given theories and no new concepts and theories are developed through the research.
When a research is done using the existing theories it is a research philosophy of positivism.
3.3[1]: Justification of Research Philosophy
The philosophy of positivism is used for this research. This research is based on the
problems that the immigrant population in Canada faces. The basis of this research is on the
journals and articles that are already done by the scholars in this field. No new theories are
developed through this research, this research is based on the theories that already exists hence
the philosophy of positivism is used.
3.4: Research Approach
There are usually two types approaches to a research, the first one is the inductive
research and the second one is the deductive research. The deductive approach is followed in this
case because of the fact that this research is deduced from already existing theories23.
3.4[1]: Justification of Research Approach
A deductive approach is followed in this research because of the nature of the problem
which the problems that the migrant population face in Canada. These problems are analyzed
22 Hughes, J. A., & Sharrock, W. W. (2016). The philosophy of social research. Routledge.
23 Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016). Qualitative research. Sage.