COMR2010 - Cultural Diversity: Intercultural Competence Presentation

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This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of intercultural competence, a crucial skill in today's globalized world. It begins with a clear definition of intercultural competence and its significance, emphasizing the ability to interact effectively with individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds. The presentation then delves into key concepts and models, including Hofstede's cultural dimensions (power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity vs. femininity, long-term vs. short-term orientation, and restraint vs. indulgence) and Edward T. Hall's cultural factors (high and low context). These frameworks offer valuable insights into understanding cultural differences and navigating cross-cultural communication challenges. The presentation also addresses criticisms of intercultural competence, acknowledging the complexities and potential limitations of applying general frameworks to diverse individuals. This resource is designed to aid professional development by promoting effective communication and collaboration in multicultural environments. The presentation is an excellent resource for students looking to improve their understanding of intercultural competence and communication.
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INTERCULTUR
AL
COMPETENCE
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Definition of intercultural competence
Intercultural competence is the
ability to interact with people from
different cultures (Leung, Ang & Tan,
2014).
Intercultural competence is of prime
importance in the 21st century as an
increasing number of people have to
communicate with people from
other cultural either as a part of
their daily work or education.
Intercultural communication
involves certain behavioral,
cognitive skills that lead to the
effective communication with the
people from different cultures.
The individuals who are culturally
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Intercultural communication
The basis of intercultural competence is intercultural
communication.
The people who can properly communicate with the
other people from different cultures can be said to be
interculturally competent (Hua, 2013).
Intercultural communication means that people from
different cultures can successfully communicate with
one another (Holliday, Kullman & Hyde, 2016).
Every culture has a different language, different
gestures and other ways of non-verbal
communication, intercultural communication aims to
bridge the gap between these cultures (Martin &
Nakayama, 2013).
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POWER DISTANCE
COLLECTIVISM V/S INDIVIDUALISM
UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE INDEX
FEMININITY V/S MASCULINITY
SHORT TERM V/S LONG TERM ORIENTATION
RESTRAINT V/S INDULGENCE
Hofstede’s Cultural Dimension
Embrace
Hierarchy
Individualist
Uncomfortable &
Uncertainty
Power
Important
Futuristic and Long
Term
Satisfaction Is
Good
Egalitarian
Collectivist
Comfortable With
Uncertainty
Nurture
Importance
Traditional
&
Short Term
Normative
Repression
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Hofstede’s Model Explained
Power Distance Index: This index deals with the extent at which power and
inequality are tolerated in a society.
Individualism v/s Collectivism: This dimension considers the rate at which
societies are amalgamated into groups and their dependency on the groups.
Uncertainty Avoidance Index: this is the index to understand how uncertainty
and ambiguity are tolerated in society
Masculinity vs. Femininity: The masculine and feminine is a dimension which is a
dimension which is also denoted to as tough v/s tender and it deals with the
society’s point of view on sexual equality, behavior and achievement.
Long-Term Orientation vs. Short-Term Orientation: long term orientation focuses
on the fact that short term goals should be delayed in favor of long term and
short term focuses on the fulfilling small term goals (Lee, Trimi & Kim, 2013).
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FACTOR HIGH CONTEXT CULTURE LOW CONTEXT CULTURE
Overtness of Message Multiple covert messages with help of metaphors. Many overt and explicit messages that are simple and clear
Locus of Control and Attribution of Failure Inner locus of control and personal acceptance for failure. Outer locus of control and blame of others for failure.
Use of Non-Verbal Communication Excessive Non-Verbal Communication. More focus on verbal communication than body language.
Expression of Reaction Reserved Reactions. Visible, external, outward reaction.
Cohesion and Separation of Groups Strong Distinction between in-groups and out-groups. Flexible and open grouping patterns, changing as needed.
People Bonds Strong bonds with affiliation to family. Fragile bonds between people with little sense of loyalty.
Level of Commitment to Relationships More commitment to long-term relationships. Low commitment to relationship. Task more important than
relationships.
Flexibility of Time Time is flexible and process is more important than product. Time is highly organized.
Product is more important than process.
Edward Hall’s Cultural Factors
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Hall’s Cultural Factors Explained
Edward T. Hall is an American anthropologist and was a cross-cultural researcher.
He is mainly remembered for inventing the concept of proxemics and analyzing social and
cultural cohesion.
This helped in describing the way people react and behave in various types of culturally
defined personal spaces. He defined high and low context of cultural factors.
HIGH CONTEXT: In a culture which is high context, there are many elements that help
the people to understand the various rules. As a consequence a lot is taken for granted.
This becomes difficult for the person who does not understand the rules that are not
formally written in any culture.
LOW CONTEXT: In this context, almost nothing is taken for granted. This means more
explanation is needed and less understanding (Ting-Toomey & Dorjee, 2018).
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Criticisms of Intercultural Competence
The goal of intercultural competence is to enable people from different cultures to communicate with
each other, this suggest that it might ignore or try to overcome the specificities of each culture.
There are differences between each individual and intercultural competence might fail to recognize those.
This can be problematic especially in the case of heterogenous population.
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References
Martin, J. N., & Nakayama, T. K. (2013). Intercultural communication in contexts.
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Holliday, A., Kullman, J., & Hyde, M. (2016). Intercultural communication: An
advanced resource book for students. Routledge.
Hua, Z. (2013). Exploring intercultural communication: Language in action.
Routledge.
Lee, S. G., Trimi, S., & Kim, C. (2013). The impact of cultural differences on
technology adoption. Journal of world business, 48(1), 20-29.
Ting-Toomey, S., & Dorjee, T. (2018). Communicating across cultures. Guilford
Publications.
Leung, K., Ang, S., & Tan, M. L. (2014). Intercultural competence. Annu. Rev. Organ.
Psychol. Organ. Behav., 1(1), 489-519.
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THANK YOU
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