Analysis of Operations and Project Management at Projacs International

This report examines the operations and project management practices of Projacs International, a construction engineering services firm. It begins with a brief overview of the organization, its history, and its position within the construction industry, particularly in the Middle East. The report then delves into the interrelationships between various operational areas, such as HR, Finance, Marketing, Operations, Purchasing, Sales, and Research and Development, highlighting how these departments collaborate to achieve organizational goals. A significant portion of the report addresses the challenges in operations management faced by Projacs, including undefined goals, changing scope, lack of risk management, and poor communication. Following this, the report explores techniques to resolve these operational challenges, such as Six Sigma, Total Quality Management (TQM), and Lean production. The role of project management within the organizational context is then discussed, emphasizing the project manager's responsibilities in implementing changes and improvements. The report concludes by highlighting how project management contributes to achieving organizational objectives and discusses typical issues and approaches in effective project management. References are provided at the end.

Operation and Project
Management

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................3
1. Brief description of the organization..................................................................................3
2. The relationship between various operational areas of an organization.............................4
3. Challenges in Operations management..............................................................................5
4. Techniques that can be used to resolve the operational challenges....................................6
5. Role of project management within the organizational context.........................................8
6. Typical issues and approaches in effective Project Management......................................9
7. How project management can contribute to achieving organizational objectives...........10
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................13

Introduction
In today's business world, Operations and Project Management (OPM) where operations
management is referred to daily activities that takes place in a company and decisions are made
in order to resolve strategic business issues in a systematic manner. On the other hand, project
management can be defined as organizing, planning, controlling and motivating as well in
relation to different resources opted by a company to attain different desired goals and objectives
(Akanmu, Anumba and Olayiwola, 2020). In present context, company that has been taken into
consideration is Projacs International. On the other hand, report is going to be enclosed with
different interrelation among operational areas of Projacs International. Also, challenges within
operations management and techniques which are utilised to resolve will be indulged in this
report. Lastly, assessment will be putting light on project management's contribution towards
attainment of different desired objectives of Projacs International.
Main Body
1. Brief description of the organization
Projacs International is the organisation found in the year of 1984 and dealing under Egis
company. Basically, this organisation is offering its clients with construction engineering
services and reputed as a company offering high level professional management along with
consulting services. Mainly, Projacs International is working at international level especially
among different regions like Northern Africa, Middle East, North America, Europe and so on.
On the other hand, merger that took place of Projacs International and Egis has helped this
company to become one of the crucial regional player within construction industry and explored
a different range of segments in relation to construction market. North Africa along with
Northern Africa has grabbed various opportunities to boost its presence within Middle East
region.
In present time, the construction industry of Middle East region is at it's boom where it is
considered to be the industry that has reached to the second-largest productive industry that is
impacting positively on international economic conditions after oil. Under this, it can be said that
because of hike within construction industry, Projacs International has started witnessing high
demand for construction engineering project management. Including this, in the year of 1984

company specifically took into consideration of Projacs Academy so that to support the
construction industry’s awareness of Project Management.
2. The relationship between various operational areas of an organization.
There are different operational areas within an organisation that work in coordination with
each other in order to ensure that organisational goals and objectives are achieved effectively.
The relationship between the various operational areas within an organisation are explained
below -
HR and Finance Department – Both these departments work towards the primary goal
of enhancing the overall performance of business performance as well as increasing the overall
profitability. The finance department is responsible for effective allocation of funds for various
HR activities like recruitment, selection, advertising etc. this is because these processes are
viewed as expenses for the organisation. On the other hand, the HR department identifies any
vacant position within the Finance department and hires employees accordingly. Therefore, this
is the way in which finance as well as human resource departments work together in achieving
organisational goals and objectives. This ensures that the goals as well as objective sof the
company are achieved in an effective manner.
Marketing and Operations Department – The marketing area within an organisation is
responsible for undertaking research and development of the marketing plan that is developed by
the management of the company. It ensures that all the strategies included in the marketing plan
are executed successfully. The primary responsibility of marketing operational area is to carry
out various marketing processes like advertising, branding, promotions etc. for the products that
are developed by the operations department. The operations department ensures that high quality
goods and services are manufactured and delivered to the customers on time. The main
responsibility of the marketing department is to price the products and bring in customers while
the operations department ensures that there is no compromise on the quality during the
production process.
Purchasing and Sales Department – Employees working in both these departments are
interrelated with each other. This is because they are in constant contact with each other and
work towards linking the suppliers as well as the customers. The purchasing department makes
sure that the inventory is available for carrying out the sales of the company effectively. On the
other hand, the sales department is responsible for ensuring that the sales of the products and

services is done effectively. It also makes sure that there is an increase in the overall profitability
of the firm. The sales department has the responsibility of linking the company with its end
customers.
Research and Development with Finance Department – The research and
development department within a firm undertakes research about the various trends in the market
that consumers consider to be important. The finance department makes sure that enough funds
are available for undertaking the research. This is important because it ensures that the overall
results of the research are effective. If there is any other requirement of funds, the research and
development department approaches the finance department for the same and the finance
department address it. Therefore, the different operational areas within an organisation work in
relation to each other.
3. Challenges in Operations management.
Challenges in Operations management
Operation management is important part of organisation which is directly associated with
functioning organisation and will help in management of productivity in organisation. This also
help organisation in identification of different factors related to functions in organisation and will
help firm in management of profits. In context of Projacs, organisation working construction
industry where there are various changes to organisation in business environment related to
operation management, some of there are discussed below:
Undefined goals: This is major challenge in front organisation that there is no definite
goals in business of Projacs, because there are various stakeholders in projects and operation of
organisation. They always has changing needs and some time they doest know about what they
need (Contreras and et. al., 2020). This can impact negatively to manager of operation
management an will impact on performance because of unidentified objectives. This also
because reason behind future changes in operation and consumption of resource in effectively.
This also cause in delay of operations because charges in needs of stakeholders will impact on
performance which take more time to complete specific operation.
Changing scope: One more challenges to organisation is changing scope. This is because
there regular changes in scope assigned to organization for completing various project. This is
because due to changes in scope manager has to identify various task and manage is function
related to budget and other important aspect of operation management, this impact negativity this

function and become reason for changing norms related to project. This challenges can be
overcome by manager in operation management by communication scope to stakeholders and
managing it according to current requirements.
Lack of risk management: This is also a challenge in front of organisation. Because in
construction business there is low risk management which can impact on performance of
operation management. This is because thee are several function which are related to risk
management in organisation and has to be perform by Projacs operational manager. There is
greater risk which is liability of manager to identity but due to changing norms and conditions
related to business it become challenge to manager for identification of risk and taking corrective
action against it (Lin and Huang, 2020).
Poor communication: This is major problem which also impacting performance of
organisation related to some specific conditions. This is because organisation performing in
construction industry where there is need to establish effective communication because of poor
infrastructure in Projacs it is suffering form poor communication. This has to be improve by
organisation to achieve objectives in business because operational management is based on
communication and it is important for firm to manage communicate information regarding
various function.
This can be seen that there are number of challenges which has to be focused by Projacs
to identify opportunity in development of there operational management. This will also help in
improving services of firm by effective management of resource. This shows that operation
management is important part of organisation and will facilitate various function to organisation.
4. Techniques that can be used to resolve the operational challenges
Balancing element is essential to manage a project in appropriate manner in order to attain
target objectives and goals easily. In this process operational practices play an essential role that
assist in managing numerous activities by dividing them under different departments. At the time
of managing such activities, different type of problems may arise that render a business less
profitable. These kind of issues and challenges may affect operational performance, strategic
execution approach and anti-growth practices. In this regard, it is required for Projacs team to
analyse different techniques through which firm can resolve operational challenges easily.
Techniques that can resolve operational challenges within an organisation can be:

Six sigma: This is a data-driven, statistical-based and most effective method that can be
used in continuous improvement practices of an organisation. Six sigma basically uses in
eliminating defects, reduce waste in business process with the help of required measures and
evaluation practices. This process works under a quantitative approach that aid to set a
systematic process for improvement that defined metrics in manufacturing, financial and service
process. Improvement projects determine a system that contains different phases as measure,
analyse, improve and control. These kind of improvement practices takes a long duration from
evaluation to improvement therefore project team requires to implement an appropriate strategic
procedure that can provide desired outcomes to firm easily. One major objective of this process
is to increase customer satisfaction by making desired modifications.
Total quality management: TQM describes a management approach to attain long term
success by providing desire customer satisfaction. In this process, all the members of an
organisation/team provide their contribution in improving product, services, business culture and
processes. In this process, team of Projacs to initiate business with such steps as:
 Customers focused – It define that customers ultimately determine the level of quality
without analysing that what strategies does an organisation foster for quality
improvement. Therefore, it is required for Projacs to implement analyse customer’s
requirement and need appropriately.
 Total employee involvement – High performance work system integrate in continuous
improvement efforts of an organisation. Therefore, it is required for Projacs to build a
proper involvement of employees in all the business practices who can drive
improvement measures appropriately.
 Strategic and systematic approach – For management team of Projacs, it could be a
critical path to manage quality of firm by implementing strategic and systematic approach
by integrate quality as core component.
Lean production: This approach determines that an organisation to focuses on waste
management practices by ensuring quality of products and services. In context of Projacs, it is
essential to analyse requirement of their customers towards organisational services in order to
design their operational practices strategically. Through this, respective organisation can
implement different strategies in order to manage waste for managing cost of their services. All
these approaches play an essential role in product and services organisation in order to provide

desire customers satisfaction. For this, Projacs can implement some major steps as reducing
unnecessary inventory, shorten production and manufacturing cycle, quality tested features and
timely evaluation.
5. Role of project management within the organizational context.
Project management describes the responsibilities of project manager to implement desired
changes and improvement in business practices by analysing firm’s need. Project manager leads
a team by not only ensuring project terms or required budget but also by encouraging employees
to attain desired targets on given time. The major role of project management in an organisation
is determined below as:
Defining project: First foremost role of project management is to analyse requirement of
changes within an organisation for which they can formulate a plan. It determines overall
summary of a project including its scope, requires resources, strategy and desired outcomes. At
this stage, project manager of Projacs can create a pitch for the business strategic practices. It is
required process before initiating or implementing new modification in business practices.
Planning: At this stage project manager requires to plan several activities that can assist
to run a project in efficient and effective manner. It contains, workforce planning, resource
planning, fund management and so on. All these activities assist in project execution in
appropriate manner. This is a strategic process that required a leadership quality within project in
order to assign all the required responsibilities to the team members for effective management. In
context of Projacs, it is required for management of project to analyse all the requirement before
executing a plan in business practices in order to attain desired outcomes easily.
Execute: After the planning of project, project manager takes decisions to execute its
strategies in operational and functional activities of firm. Execution practices required an align
working practices with the help of frequent and open communication among all the working
division and employees. Through this, management can analyse effectiveness of new executions
as well as strategies that can aid in attaining target objectives and goals. In context of Projacs,
project manager required to analyse strategic direction through which they can execute
appropriate planning of a new project.
Monitoring: After the execution of project strategies, it is a responsibility of project
manager to conduct a monitoring and control process in order to managing all the necessary
changes in project. These practices assist in managing all the unnecessary activities and

approaches in order to validation and controlling. For manager of Projacs, these activities will
assist in managing cost of overall project by eliminating inappropriate activities from firm. At
this stage, organisation can implement different improvement practices such quality
improvement, lean production, six sigmas and so on. Through this firm, can manage business
projection as well as can implement new strategies at a time. One necessary action that
management of respected organisation requires to take is compare actual performance against
planned/scheduled performance of business.
Closing: This is the last phase of project management, on which project management
take important decisions by ensuring that all the necessary actions are taken to achieve final
results for project closure. At this stage, manager needs to analyse project files for future
references that they can use further. Furthermore, major action that needed to take at this stage is
post-implementation review.
6. Typical issues and approaches in effective Project Management.
In order to resolve the typical issues that are faced by Projacs International, there are a
range of approaches that can be adopted and these are:
Agile: In order to resolve the issue like unclear goals and objectives, Projacs International
could effectively take into consideration of Agile Project Management Process. Basically, this is
a type of approach which focuses on value-centered methods of project management (Litte,
2020). Also, it aid in allowing different projects developed by Projacs International to get
processed in small state of matter or phases (Yu, 2020). With the help of this, approaches to
effective project management that is extremely negotiable would help in understanding the the
different traits linking to various benefit from this process as it would find that project managers
of Projacs International working in this environment treat milestones as “sprints”; the goal being
to continuously adapt to abrupt changes from client feedback. On the other hand, this issue can
easily be resolved through formulating small software projects made up of a highly collaborative
team or a project that requires frequent iteration.
Waterfall: This is considered to be an effective approach of project management, which
can be adopted by Projacs International. Basically, it is considered to be a traditional approach
that would be applied to project management and it can be said that more commonly used it is
utilised to within construction engineering industry. On the other hand, it has been analysed that
this model takes into consideration of an effective linear approach towards the different issues

like poor communication within a particular project on which Projacs International is working
(McGrath and Whitty, 2020).
PRINCE2: Another crucial approach to project management that can be adopted by
Projacs International. Basically, PRINCE2 is said to be an acronym for Projects in controlled
environments and it can be said that this approach was originated in United Kingdom. It can be
said that PRINCE2 model may help the project manager of Projacs International to perform best
practice with flexible nature. If it is talked about different outputs that are linking to businesses
justification for every project. On the other hand, project management method is also
characterized by different activities linking to the Projacs International as it is delivered with
both cost estimation and time as well. The roles are predetermined before the beginning of the
project and every member of the project is well aware of their responsibilities towards to
successful execution of the project.
7. How project management can contribute to achieving organizational objectives..
There are various objectives which are related to organization and are achieved through
operation management, some of these are mentioned below:
Strategic alignment: operational management is directly related to alignment of different
strategies in organisation because it help in identification of various strategies which are
formulated by top level management. This also help in matching the resource of organisation
with strategies and use the to achieve goals and objectives. Here, operational management helps
in doing this where maximum productivity can be achieved and use of resource can be define on
the basis of function in organisation (Olympios and et. al., 2020).
Clear focus on objectives: Use of operational management will help organization in
management of work in relation objectives of fir. This is because it helps in identification and
formulation of plan and polices which are related to achieving goals and objectives. In relation to
Projacs, project manager prevent firm from difficult situation by breaking task in small units
and management of work according to need of organisation. This lead to specialization in
organisation and ensure that goals and objectives of organisation can be achieves.
Project panning: Projacs is performing various kind of function and projects and each
and every project which it perform require some specific planning to achieve goals and
objectives of organization. This also help in identification of different aspects related to
completion of project like resource requirement, budget and many more which also impact on

goals and objective of Projacs in relation to particular projects. This all save organisation from
failure of operation in global run and achieve objectives related to profitably and future growth
(Papachristos and et. al., 2020).
Reduce cost: it also help organisation in achieving objectives which are related to
reduction in cost of operation. This is because there is regular motoring and evaluation or
different work which will facilitate organisational development and lead to success of various
operation. Projacs also use this function where operational management help organisation
minimising the negative impact of various function. This also leads in development of objective
related to cost reduction and achievement of there objectives while performing various function
in organisation.
Increase quality: Operation management is important for organisation where it help firm
in identification of quality supplied in services offered in operational management (Quadracci,
Boeing Co, 2020). Projacs is non for its quality service in construction industry. This is because
organisation it use proper operational management programme. This program has focus on
increasing quality of product because it manage resource according to need and requirement of
each and every project which bring specialization in organisation and will focused to gain
maximum advantage. This also develop production process which will help in boosting the
quality supply by Projacs.
This can be seen from above mentioned report that there are various function
organisation which are important for firm to perform and gain advantage in business
environmental. But in relation to tagetes and objectives , they aye must and will lead to future
growth of organisation. For achievement of these objectives operational management play
critical role where it facilitate smoothness and provide help in functions like project planing and
reduction in costing. This all will help organisation achieving its goals and managing success
(Xu, 2020).
Conclusion
With the help of above mentioned report, it is being concluded that project management
specifically plays an important role when it comes to boost the international economy. On the
other hand, it is also summarised that it is much needed for a construction company to reduce the
challenges like change in scope, lack of risk management and poor communication to minimal,
because then only different desired goals and objectives could easily be attained right on time.

Including this, it is also concluded that different approaches to project management like
Waterfall, Scrum, PRINCE2, Agile and so on would help a company in resolving different
typical issues in specified time frame.