Analysis of Project Complexity and Team Composition Dynamics

This report delves into the critical relationship between project complexity and team composition within software development projects. It examines various factors contributing to project delays, such as inadequate planning, poor resource management, and communication breakdowns. The literature review explores existing models and research, including the impact of team composition on project outcomes and the significance of addressing delays. The methodology section outlines the research approach, data collection methods, and ethical considerations. Findings highlight the challenges faced in software projects, including managing project scope, testing, and integration. The discussion section analyzes these results, and the report concludes with recommendations for mitigating project complexities and limitations. The report underscores the importance of experience, qualifications, and balanced team composition for project success, offering insights into effective project management strategies. The report is available on Desklib.

Running head: ROLE OF COMPLEXITY OF PROJECT AND TEAM COMPOSITION
Role of Complexity of project and team composition
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Acknowledgement
I am very much glad and fortunate to work on such an interesting topic and I am sure that it is
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Executive Summary
There are diverse categories of challenges which ate directly associated with the most of the
software development projects such as managing the time required in each phase of the
project and managing the cost required for each of the resources who are involved in the
project. This research paper shall set out an overview of the complexities which are faced in
the software projects and the role of the complexity of the projects. The paper shall be having
numerous units and each unit will be very much beneficial to maintain the reliability of the
research. Data which will be collected for this research shall be analyzed from different
perceptions.

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction............................................................................................................................5
2. Literature Review...................................................................................................................6
2.1 Delays in software projects..............................................................................................6
2.2 Addressing the delay in schedule.....................................................................................7
2.3 Role of Complexity of project..........................................................................................8
2.4 Project complexity models...............................................................................................9
2.5 Williams’s model...........................................................................................................10
2.6 Advantage of having a good team composition.............................................................10
2.7 Balanced team composition...........................................................................................11
2.8 Literature Gap................................................................................................................12
3. Methodology........................................................................................................................13
3.1 Investigation...................................................................................................................13
3.2 Collection of information...............................................................................................13
3.3 Sampling method...........................................................................................................14
3.4 Ethical concerns.............................................................................................................15
3.5 Data Analysis.................................................................................................................15
4. Results and findings.............................................................................................................16
5. Pure results...........................................................................................................................17
6. Discussion............................................................................................................................18
7. Recommendations and limitations.......................................................................................19
7.1 Recommendations..........................................................................................................19
7.2 Limitations.....................................................................................................................19
8. Conclusion............................................................................................................................19
9. Reference..............................................................................................................................22
10. Appendices.........................................................................................................................27

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1. Introduction
The successful completion of a project depends upon diverse categories of factors
such as the ability of the facility manager as well as the project manager to address the
complexities of the project such as cost management and time management. There are diverse
categories of complexities which are associated with software development projects as well
such as maintaining the quality of the products and the services or maintaining the safety of
the project team members in an adverse situation (Wu et al. 2016). Experience and the
qualifications of each of the project team members is very much essential to manage or deal
with the complexities of a project (Christensen and Limbach 2019). The selection of
resources is also one of the most significant success criteria of a complex software
development project.
Some of the complexities of a project are depended on the inter relationships with
some aspect of the project. Every project requires a wide variety of project team members so
that they can address most of the complications and the complexities which arrives on the
way (Woodside 2015). Strong influence of the project team members is very much required
to identify the most significant problems which are associated with complex projects.
This research is just the beginning of a thesis and will highlight each sections in an
organized manner. This research paper shall be having different sections and each of the
section will be very much useful to understand the effectiveness. This paper shall be having
literature review where ideas and concepts of reputed scholars will be considered. Papers
shall be selected from reputed and reliable source like Google Scholar. This research paper
shall also have a literature gap where gaps of each literature will be identified. This paper
shall also have a methodology section where the details of the data collection and data
analysis will be mentioned. The sampling technique of this research shall also be considered

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along findings of the data collection procedure. This research shall also have conclusions and
recommendations which will help to enhance the quality of this research paper. The ensuing
unit of this research paper is literature review where new journals will be considered to
analyze the selected topic of this research.
2. Literature Review
2.1 Delays in software projects
According to Wolfson and Mathieu (2017), there are diverse categories phases
associated with the development of a new software such as the planning phase, development
phase, testing phase and enactment phase. Each of these phases takes a considerable amount
of time, the role of each of the stakeholders is very much significant for the successful
completion of a software development project.
However, as mentioned by Watson (2015), there are diverse causes behind the delay
in a software development project in terms of the delay in documentation and delay in the
identification of the appropriate stakeholders required in the project. The paper suggested that
reasons like identification of the functional and the non-functional requirements is the other
reason behind the delay in software development project. Apart from this this journal
indicated that understanding the expectations of the consumers of these project can be one of
the other significant reason behind the delayed schedule in a software development project.
The paper highlighted that decision making is one of the other reason behind delayed
schedule in a software development project (Chen 2015). The investigators indicated that
adapting with new technologies is a huge challenge for each of the programmers who works
in a software development project. Addressing these challenge might take longer time than
expected which is again one of the prime factors behind the delays in software development

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projects (Wang et al. 2017). The performance of the third party vendors can also lead to
significant delay in these projects.
But, as illustrated by Teka, Dittrich and Kifle (2016), poor labor productivity,
inadequate planning of the entire project and shortage of resources are the prime reasons
behind the delay in software development projects. The paper stated that each of these factors
must be considered and the risks associated with these projects has to be identified in the first
place so that the entire project finishes within the time allocated. The investigators explained
some of the possible reasons behind the delay in the software development projects such as
changes in the deliverable or the scope of the project, slow mock up procedure is one of the
other reason behind the delay in each software development project (Sikka, Dhir and Hooda
2016). The paper highlighted that lack of resources such as time and money are the other
possible reasons behind the delays in software projects.
2.2 Addressing the delay in schedule
As discussed by Shmueli, Pliskin and Fink (2015), there are diverse categories of
methods which can be very much useful to identify the exact reasons behind the delay in
schedule of software development project. The paper highlighted that regular meetings must
be hold to discusses the deliverables of the projects along with the task completion rate of
each of the team members. Prioritization of schedules can be very much useful to deal with
the huge delays in these project as per the discussions of this paper (Sherif 2018). This paper
was very much useful to understand the significance of tracking the vigilantly of these
software development projects. The paper focused on the fact that recording the changes is
one of the prime factors by which the reasons behind the delay is identified in the IT projects.
Providing quick notification to the external stakeholders who are outsourced in the software

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development project is the other procedure to stop the delay or any sort of unwanted
disruptions.
However, as mentioned by Serebrenik and Mens (2015), paying lot of attention in the
planning phase and allocating task based on experience and team composition can be very
much useful to reduce the issue of delay in the software development projects (Qiu and Wang
2016). The paper focused on the fact that there are diverse categories of documents which are
related directly with the IT projects such System Requirement Specification document which
stores the entire requirement of the project along with the schedule of each of the project
team members, these essential documents must be stored in central work spaces so that each
of the stakeholders associated with this project can get the access to these files without any
sort of delay or disruptions as per the discussions of the paper.
On the contrary, as cited by Porru et al. (2017), automation of some of the project
practices can be very much useful to minimize the delays of the IT projects. The authors also
stated that each phase of the project must be tracked and monitored right from the initial days
of the projects as it can help to minimize the disruptions of these projects (Btl 2018). The
investigator of this data source provided a critical examination on how the complexities of the
IT projects are resolved if the composition of the project team members is in balance in
accordance with experience, agility and qualification.
2.3 Role of Complexity of project
As elaborated by Niazi et al. (2015), there are diverse categories of complications and
challenges which are directly associated with most of software development projects. The
complexities of the software development projects are the infrastructure issues due to the
involvement of diverse categories of software, volatility of the requirement of the project,

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selection of the best code practices, adjusting the current market trends of the IT industry and
maintaining quality standards after the successful completion of the project.
However, as stated by Mertens, Pugliese and Recker (2017), managing the designs of
the software is one of the prime complexities of the IT projects. The paper highlighted that
about the integration challenges associated with software development projects as well which
is a huge source of concern for the investors of this project (Acton et al. 2019). The paper
declared the challenges of the testing phase of the software projects due to the involvement of
the different categories of test combinations and selection of the diverse categories of testers
such as the white box testers and the black box testers (Markidis and Laure 2015). The paper
also revealed that lack of communication is the other limitation associated with the software
development projects. Test coverage is the other regular challenge which is related with most
of the software development projects. The paper provided in depth discussion of the diverse
categories of risks associated with software development projects such as management of the
schedule of the project, inflation of the requirements, management of the turnover of the
project team members, specific breakdown of the projects, and poor productivity of the
designers and programmers.
As instructed by Merson et al. (2018), performance of each of the stakeholders must
be identified on a daily basis in order to minimize the delay in the software development
projects. The investigator of this paper highlighted that usability and the effectiveness of the
chosen stakeholders must be identified in the first place to resolve the delay issues in the
software development projects. The paper highlighted that providing financial security is one
of the prime ways to address the delay issues of the IT projects (Lenberg, Feldt and Wallgren
2015). The paper was very much useful to understand the complications of the software

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development project which arises due to unreasonable expectations and schedules must be
stopped with the help of the collective effort of the team members.
2.4 Project complexity models
As elaborated by LaToza and Van Der Hoek (2015), goals and methods is very much
useful to understand how the complexities of the project is avoided in the software
development projects. The investigator of this paper highlighted the role of the project
manager who can use this model to address the complexities of an IT project and form a team
based on experience and qualification. The degree of uncertainties can be enhanced in the
first place using this model (Brown and Power 2019). Using this model the complexities of
the contractual agreements can be resolved. All the negotiations with the consumers can also
be addressed using this model.
2.5 Williams’s model
Kumar, Khan and Khan (2016), highlighted that most of the inter dependencies can be
a huge source of concern for the project managers of the software development projects. This
model is very much useful to understand the complexities of a project which occurs due to
the incompetency of the project team members.
2.6 Advantage of having a good team composition
As mentioned by Kumar, Krishna and Manjula (2016), team composition can be
defined as the overall mixture of a team who interacts independently to achieve a common
objective in a project which is to deliver high quality products or service to the end users. The
individual attribute of each of the project team members must be considered while selecting a
new team (Johnston 2017). The paper is very much useful to understand that group cohesion
and issues such as absenteeism which is one main reason behind the delay in the software
development projects. The paper focused on different attributes of a good team such as the

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size of the team, fault lines of each of the teams, demographic traits of the project team
members, age of the project team members, gender of the project team members, and KSA
(Knowledge, skills and abilities). The paper focused on the fact that operationalization of the
software development can be enhanced in the first place if the team have an excellent
combination. The paper highlighted that the mean score of the project team members has to
be calculated in the first place so that the disruptions are resolved without much effort
(Behutiye et al. 2017). The investigator of this paper highlighted that an excellent team
composition can enhance the adaptive performance of the project team members (Albers
2017). The papers helps in understanding that the hiring process of the project team members
must be aligning with the skill set of the project team members.
According to Jin et al. (2017), having a good team composition can be very much
useful to address the complexities of the software development projects. The paper was very
much useful to improve the productivity of the project team members who works in the
software development projects. The investigators of this paper highlighted that management
of the work load of the project manager, designer and the programmers of the software
projects. The paper highlighted that project team members must be selected in the basis of
strength and expertise of each concept of software development (Ilyas and Khan 2017). The
task completion rate of the software projects can be boosted if a good and balanced team is
allocated as discussed by the investigators of this paper. This paper helps understanding the
usefulness of having a balanced team in the software development projects.
2.7 Balanced team composition
On the contrary, as cited by Hao et al. (2017), the opportunity to learn from each
other is one of the prime contribution of having a balanced team. The paper also helped in
understanding that flexibility in the development procedure of a software can be enhanced in

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the first place if the entire team is balanced with junior and senior employees. The paper
guides the readers to understand that synergetic combinations can be very much useful to
identify new ideas which can be very much useful to address the complexities of the software
projects. The paper highlighted that new approaches can be created and enacted if the project
team members are properly balanced (Andrejczuk et al. 2019). The major contribution of
having a balanced team in the software development projects is social facilitation and getting
the support of the team members in adverse project conditions (Gousios, Storey and Bacchelli
2016). The paper acknowledged that there are very less communication errors in the project
is there is a balance in the entire team. The co-operation among the team members can get
improved due to composed team. Higher team composition can be very much useful to
maintain the flow of a software development project as discussed by the researcher (Goertzen
2017). The concept of acceptance can also be promoted if high standards are maintained
among the project team members. Greater autonomy is one of the other contribution of
having high team composition. Feedback coming from the consumers is the other advantage
of having a higher team composition in the software Commitment of the project team
members can also be enhanced in the first place with the help of higher team composition
(Al-Rousan 2015). Thus, this paper helps in understanding how the complexities of the
software development are resolved using a balanced team composition.
2.8 Literature Gap
The above discussions were very much useful to understand how the complexities of
the software development projects are addressed using a composed team. However, there are
few drawbacks associated with the concept of having a balanced and composed team as well.
The mission and the vision of the projects must be understood by each of the project team
members as a result there are may be security issues in these projects. None of the paper
highlighted about the complexity of hiring the appropriate resources in these project so that