Project Management and Globalisation Impact: A Comprehensive Analysis

This project management assignment provides a comprehensive overview of project management principles, encompassing initiation, planning, execution, and data analysis. The assignment begins by defining project management and its key stages, highlighting the advantages of a structured approach. It then delves into the project planning phase, including scoping, documentation, and the development of a project plan using tools like work breakdown structures and Gantt charts. The project execution phase is explored, with a focus on methods of information gathering and data collection, including qualitative and quantitative research methods. The assignment includes a case study on the impact of globalisation on small businesses, such as Marks and Spencer, including research objectives, questions, and methodologies. It discusses ethical considerations, reliability, and validity in research, along with data collection tools and analytical techniques. The assignment concludes with a focus on communicating outcomes, constructing convincing arguments, and critical evaluation of the project.

GLOBALISATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Project management.........................................................................................................................3
What is project management and what does it involve?........................................................3
Key stages of Project management.........................................................................................3
Advantages of using project management..............................................................................3
Initiation of project and project planning phase..............................................................................3
Scoping a project....................................................................................................................3
Steps and documentation required..........................................................................................3
Developing the project plan....................................................................................................4
Work breakdown structure.....................................................................................................4
Use of Gantt charts for effective planning.............................................................................4
Project execution phase....................................................................................................................4
Methods of Information gathering and data collection..........................................................4
Logical argument....................................................................................................................5
Second research......................................................................................................................5
Qualitative and quantitative research methods.......................................................................5
Field work........................................................................................................................................6
Selecting a sample..................................................................................................................6
Sampling approaches and techniques.....................................................................................6
Ethics, reliability and validity..........................................................................................................7
Analysing information and data.......................................................................................................7
Data collection tools...............................................................................................................7
Analytical techniques.............................................................................................................8
Communicating outcomes-...................................................................................................11
Convincing arguments-........................................................................................................12
Critical evaluation and objective analysis- ..........................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

Project management
What is project management and what does it involve?
Project management is a proper process and plan to initiate and accomplish the allotted
project. It is the set of activities that need to produce or manufacture any product or services
(Kerzner and Kerzner, 2017). It includes different strategic planning related to the application
and specifications of project models and approaches that may be applied to overall plan.
Key stages of Project management
It involves number of specific tasks and steps that need to be carried out during each and
every phase of project. For managing a project, managers or other involved personnel need to
critically evaluate all the procedures that inhibits within its each and every phase. The steps
within a project management plan involves planning, executing, controlling and closing. These
all steps need to be implemented and developed strategically for smooth management of project
(Fleming and Koppelman, 2016). As per the Project Management Institute there are certain
considerations that a project management plan need to adhere with. The plan initiates with
project conception and initiation and further goes with defining, planning, launching,
performance controlling and ends with project closure.
Advantages of using project management
Using a project management plan for any developmental process will deliver high
amount of directional paths to process a plan in a systematic way. It devises an advanced
planning to overcome any type of risks (Walker, 2015). It delivers considerable time to
accumulate all type of resources in terms of capitals, equipment and other technological aids to
facilitate overall plan.
Initiation of project and project planning phase
Scoping a project
The scope of project involves specifications related to goals, objective and all other
related directions that are being performed or involved within a project development plan.
Steps and documentation required
Developing a business case
Undergoing for a feasibility study
Developing project charter
Appointing project team

Set up project office or headquarter
Review the whole plan
Documentation required during the initial phase of the project management are agreements
related to partnership, property papers, income statements of the company and business portfolio.
Developing the project plan
For developing a project plan, various measures need to be taken for developing a
sustainable framework for the plan. There is a requirement to generate effective and suitable time
frame for each and every process. It also involves proper costing exercises and budget planning
for plan execution.
Work breakdown structure
WBS for any project is the tree structure that used to divide and segregate whole project
into small sections to clearly identify differences between priorities and least prioritise tasks. It
can be extremely helpful in managing large projects and for increasing productivity of team and
effectiveness of the designed plan.
Use of Gantt charts for effective planning
Gantt charts are the visual graphs that inhibits start to end date of project phases. It helps to
critically evaluate the progress of projects and other related information. It will help to provide
the clarity to overall plan and specify better time management processes. It reduce confusions
among the employees and team members to effectively execute the designed plans. It helps to
build better understanding interdependency of tasks relationships and may use for effective
allocation of resources as well.

Task Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
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Research proposal 2 days Tue 3/26/19 Wed 3/27/19
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Aims and objectives 4 days Thu 3/28/19 Tue 4/2/19 1
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drafting literature review 2 days Thu 3/28/19 Fri 3/29/19 1
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Research methodologies 7 days Wed 4/3/19 Thu 4/11/19 2
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Data collection 8 days Mon 4/1/19 Wed 4/10/19 3
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Data analysis 5 days Fri 4/12/19 Thu 4/18/19 4
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Data interpretation 2 days Fri 4/12/19 Mon 4/15/19 2,4
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Finding and conclusion 1 day Fri 4/19/19 Fri 4/19/19 6
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Recommendations 1 day Tue 4/16/19 Tue 4/16/19 7

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Execute the plan 1 day Mon 4/22/19 Mon 4/22/19 8,9
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Submission 1 day Tue 4/23/19 Tue 4/23/19 10
Project execution phase
Methods of Information gathering and data collection
Data collection is a process of collecting information from all relevant sources which are
used for finding answers for research problems so that the upcoming outcome can be evaluated.
Data collection method can be divided into two main categories which are: primary and
secondary data collection methods. Secondary data is a type of data that has already been
published in articles, newspapers, portals, magazines, journals etc. Secondary data is important
to be gathered in a research paper for the reliability and validity of the research paper. Primary
data is a type of data that is gathered for research paper (Pindzo and Radulovic., 2017). It can be
done by various methods. These methods are bifurcated into two main types of methods i.e.
qualitative methods and quantitative methods. Quantitative data collection method normally
involves mathematical calculations which is gathered by closed ended questions etc. qualitative
data collection methods are those that do not involve numbers. It can be done by open ended
questions, questionnaire, interviews etc. For this research paper qualitative data collection
methods i.e. questionnaire will be used.
Research Aim
“The impact of Globalization on business activities of small business enterprises: A case
study of the Marks and Spencer”
Research Objective
 To determine kinds of globalization which has used by the Marks and Spencer
 To analyse significance of the globalization in business enterprise
 To identify implication of globalization on business activities of small business enterprise
such as Marks and Spencer

Research Question
 What is the meaning and concept of globalization?
 What are the different types of globalization?
 What is the significance of globalization in business enterprise such as Marks and
Spencer?
 What is the impact of the globalization on business activities of small business
enterprise?
Logical argument
According to Procházka, (2018), globalization is a process that integrate and helps in
interaction among companies, people and government worldwide. It has increased competition
among businesses as more and more foreign investment is continuously flowing to countries that
allows business to enter into a new market. Due to this trade among different countries has also
increased especially for services and goods.
As per the view of Wójcik, (2015), has also impacted the culture of the organizations as
many companies have changed their way of doing business according to their clients and
customers as today most of the customers has become aware about the way a business operates,
the quality, price, quantity and service they should provide. Due to this the overall economy,
culture, and ethics of an organization has been affected.
Second research
For secondary research newspaper articles, online surveys, portals, books has been
considered that will be used to inform primary empirical research. Newspapers, articles can be
used to gather information regarding impact of globalization on businesses such as marks and
Spencer.
Qualitative and quantitative research methods
Qualitative research method
It refers to non-numeric information or data gathered from interviews, questionnaires,
surveys etc. it is divided into five categories such as: content, narrative, disclosure, framework,
grounded theory (Kim, Jean and Sinkovics, 2018).

Quantitative research methods
It is a type of research method that turns raw numbers into the data that has some
meaning. It can be achieved through rational and thinking with the help of various methods such
as by using excel spreadsheets, Microsoft Access, Using SPSS etc.
Field work
Selecting a sample
For this research researcher has used sample of five respondents for gathering the data.
All the five respondents are managers and employees of marks and Spencer Organization out of
which 3 are managers and two are employees (Den Hond and de Bakker., 2016). For gathering
the data an online questionnaire survey was emailed to all the five respondents which they
needed to fill online.
Non random Sampling-
For selection of the sampling non random sampling methods will be utilised. It is
gathering the sample through process that does not give all the individual in the populations. It is
complex process to select one random element.
Sampling approaches and techniques
Sampling is used to select members of large population to be included in the study. It is
used when target population is way too big. For this a sample data is chosen from large
population so that conclusion can be achieved from data collected from the sample population.
There are two types of sampling techniques probability and non-probability sampling technique
(Najam, Runnalls and Halle., 2016). For this research paper probability sampling with simple
random sampling technique has been chosen in which all the members of the sample population
participate in the study.
Data collection
Secondary data-
Data collection is a process to collect and gather the information through articles, journals,
newspapers etc. In this study, it can be study about the research project in effective manner.

Ethics, reliability and validity
Ethics consideration
Ethical considerations are important that specified one of the concept that help for
researcher to protect their data and information in proper manner. There are some important
principle that should be added on the research areas.
 Research participant should not be harm the subjected related the research areas
 Researcher will respect the dignity of other participants those who are research on the
case study (Crane, Henriques and Husted, 2018).
 It should be keep protect the important information related the research and other
participants has maintained the security or privacy.
 Researcher will handle the relation between the other participants and should be
completed task with transparency or honesty. Researcher should maintain any type of misleading information and representation of
primary data.
Reliability and validity
Reliability refers to extent the same answer that obtain by the method and instrument
which applied in the research. This research is associated with the high level of reliability and
researcher should need to generate the same results or outcomes.
Researcher will observe the answer through questionnaire that can use in the researcher
project. Sometimes, it can be increased the issues related the reliability so that researcher will
adopt the subjective approach for study (Zhang and Lee, 2018).
Research validity is explained to extent the need and requirement of particular research
subject. Researcher will use the qualitative method for gathering and collecting the relevant
information related the case study. Validity is the important part of research and case study.
Analysing information and data
Data collection tools
Data collection tool used for this qualitative research paper is survey which will be
conducted by distributing questionnaires to all the respondents through email.
Questionnaire
 Do you agree that globalized market affecting the main function of the business
◦ strongly agree

◦ Agree
◦ neutral
◦ Disagree
◦ strongly disagree
 Do you think globalization is impacting the overall income of the organization
◦ strongly agree
◦ Agree
◦ neutral
◦ Disagree
◦ strongly disagree
◦ Neutral
 Do you agree that globalization impacted the overall organizational culture
◦ Strongly agree
◦ Agree
◦ neutral
◦ Disagree
◦ strongly disagree
◦ Neutral
 Do you agree that globalization impacted the overall recruitment process of the company
◦ Strongly agree
◦ Agree
◦ neutral
◦ Disagree
◦ strongly disagree
◦ Neutral
 Do you agree that globalization impacted the overall brand image of the company
◦ Strongly agree
◦ Agree
◦ neutral
◦ Disagree
◦ strongly disagree

◦ Neutral
Analytical techniques
Analytical technique used for this qualitative research paper is thematic analysis. It is one
of the most common type of qualitative analysis method that emphasis on examining recording
pattern within the data.
Theme 1: Globalized market affecting the main function of the business
Particular Respondents
◦ Strongly agree 0
◦ Agree 1
◦ neutral 0
◦ Disagree 2
◦ strongly disagree 1
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
Strongly agree
Agree
neutral
Disagree
strongly disagree
Neutral

◦ Neutral 1
Interpretation:
From the above table it is clear that five out of 3 respondents feel that globalized market
will affect the main functions of the business as marks and Spencer is a retail organization that
Operates at global level.
Theme 2: Globalization is impacting the overall income of the organization
Particular Respondents
◦ Strongly agree 1
◦ Agree 1
◦ neutral 1
◦ Disagree 1
◦ strongly disagree 0
◦ Neutral 0
Interpretation:
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Strongly agree
Agree
neutral
Disagree
strongly disagree
Neutral