Analysis of Project Management Techniques at Marks and Spencer Retail

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of project management techniques, using Marks and Spencer as a case study. It begins with an introduction to project management and explores various techniques, including finalizing project details, setting clear expectations, choosing the right team, an...Read More

Project Analytics

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PROJECT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES................................................................................3
CRITICAL ANALYSIS..................................................................................................................4
METRICS AND KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS.............................................................6
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DATA........................................................................................7
DIFFERENT METRICS.................................................................................................................8
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES......................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Project management in every organisation is regarded to be one of the crucial step that is
incorporated by every part of the company. There are certain techniques that are related to
project management and usually the project managers in the organisation will name for
completion of the project within the stipulated budget and to organise the means of employees as
well as the resources from start still finish (Silvius, 2017). The speculation that are in regard to
the project are involved and the scope is determined by how far various roles of the organisation
are involved in bringing about the output. The report explains every detail regarding project
management. The company chosen is Marks and Spencer. It is one of the largest retailer in
United kingdom. Its project management criteria is portrayed.
PROJECT MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES
Project management in every organisation is regarded to be one of the crucial step that is
incorporated by every part of the company. It is not until when the project management is done
in a proper manner then every detail regarding the success can be oriented. In this regard the
organisation that is more than is Marks and Spencer. Marks and Spencer is regarded to be one of
the crucial retailing industry in United Kingdom which is known to be maintaining its project in
the reliable manner. There are certain techniques that are related to project management and
usually the project managers in the organisation will name for completion of the project within
the stipulated budget and to organise the means of employees as well as the resources from start
still finish. The different techniques that are included in project management with regard to the
organisation as follows:
Finalise project details: the technique of every project management will start with the initiation
of project details and that is known to be the foundation of every project. When the foundation is
strong enough with all the required amenities that are selected for the project then and
understanding is carry forwarded. The speculation that are in regard to the project are involved
and the scope is determined by how far various roles of the organisation are involved in bringing
about the output. In retailing sector and that with regard to the organisation Marks and Spencer
the project that is oriented will rely upon the product management and the number of products
that they are dealing with well be created under measurable forms. For this the organisation will
first evaluate the details that are in regard to carry out the processes or the manufacture which is
necessary for them to incorporate to bring about new products.

Set clear expectations: the Expectations in this regard as said to be clear (Ika and et.al, 2020). A
clear expectation is necessary in order to strive for the components of the project. When the
pathway is clear then the objectives can be reached in no time. The accountability with regard to
any project can only be maintained with a clear set of expectations that are in regard to the
project. the company Marks and Spencer is always clear about the expectations of sales and their
customer base. In this regard the train their employees in such a manner that the project that the
take up in order to move ahead with the office or the listed promotions that they are going to
bring a midst of all the customers will therefore be gratified.
Choosing right team and right system: team is major importance in a project management. A
right time will bring about a good amount of success that is oriented with different set of skills
and the combination of ideas and ideologies will portray success in a more enormous way. In this
respect the leaders of the managers that are stipulated in a team are constituted and will pick up
the best from the lot in order to carry forward with the operations that are in regard to
development processes (Radujković and Sjekavica, 2017). The team that is oriented is guided by
the leaders and they will bring about a good amount of knowledge that is required for them to
incorporate.
Defining milestones: the milestones in project management are required in order to initiate plan
and execute a project. This milestone will determine the onset of processes that are executed in a
short duration of time and that is required to examine the deliverables.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS
Upon critically evaluate and project management functions one can easily and essentially bring
about the onset of criteria that is a part of most management functions. The scope of project
management functions with regard to the organisation will bring about all the planning activities
that will outline different documentation processes that will carry specific information regarding
the sales as well as the customer base. A clear definition of this particular scope will include the
evaluation of data that is expected to be carried out at regular intervals of time by the
management. There are certain stakeholders in the organisation which will get involved into
certain projects to lift up the organisation to a very next level. For project planning as well as
project management will bring about an optimised atmosphere in the organisation that will
determine a critical path. There are certain advantages as well as disadvantages with regard to
project planning (Hair and Sarstedt, 2021). Every advantage of project planning will revolve

around the orientation that will bring about the cost time as well as the team building capability
of the project. In order to complete the set of entities and to implement certain criteria in the
organisation it is necessary that the project will have to be carry forward in a better possible
manner. The cost of the organisation is nothing but the control over the project and its resources.
Resources are necessary in order to move ahead with the implementation processes and it is not
until when the stipulated resources are managed in a proper manner that the organisation will get
control over all the project cost. The advantage of this is that they can be supplied as amount of
resources at the end of the day and that will be towards the specified objective. The time of the
project is also a necessary aspect and will have to be taken into account. there are certain
advantages and disadvantages that are related to time of different variations in the project. Time
is categorised to be one of the criteria which is responsible to bring about the implementations as
well as the completion of project. Time will have to be visualised accordingly and the
organisation Marks and Spencer does it in a substantial basis. The amount of time that is
gratified and guaranteed with regard to certain implementations is said to be immense and one
who understands this criteria bring about a good revolution in the project management. Taking
into account the communication process the advantage that is oriented with regard to Marks and
Spencer in relation to communication a such that they have a very good team that will co-operate
and communication processes with each other (Müller and et.al, 2019). With the clear
communication they will get the idea and the synopsis of project and they will push it forward in
order to demonstrate different changes and the modulation that are to be taken care about. In
retailing sector is full of challenges and it is not until when there is a proper team to co-operate
with the onset of criteria and the circumstances that a prevailing in the current world that they get
started with innovations. One may not be able to evaluate or communicate the certain specific
circumstances if not they are open to work. In this regard it is an added benefit for the
organisation marks and Spencer for building up a good team and good communication. The
quality of the project are determined by the amount of teamwork and therefore because of a good
framework and teamwork the quality is said to be one of the guaranteed criteria with regard to
this organisation. Although there are certain risks that are oriented with the resources and the
surplus resources at their never fail to reach their target within the stipulated time.

METRICS AND KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
There are certain quantifiable measures while dealing with the project and that will also
determine performance and progress of different statistical data that will have to be ensured. In
this regard metrics are the components that are enhanced in the project management to determine
the baseline which is one of the most important criteria in order to decide the time of its success.
The key performance indicators are necessary in order to cope up with the circumstances that
will identify the quantitative measures that are moving forward with the project management. In
order to gain the expected results it is also necessary that the project will have to be and have that
analyst and that can only be done by the small performance analysis and that will bring about by
the key performance indicators. Usually the ones that have been processed by the organisation in
strategic and an operational manner such that the goals and the object is at a stipulated by the
organisation Marks and Spencer are achieved in no time. It is important to maintain this
particular statistical data and the evaluation methods because the productivity will have to be
ensured. The organisation Marks and Spencer before conducting the metrics of the KPIs that are
necessary in order to cope up with the circumstances of the project will aim for the progress as
well as the success that is oriented. In this regard the stakeholders also play a major role in the
organisation where the determine the stature of the reason and switches portrayed by different set
of policies that are being inherited by the organisation (Rodríguez-Rivero and et.al, 2020). In
order to measure this particular analysis the organisation will move ahead with certain
enhancements like that of maintaining the time of delivery of project which is one of the crucial
component. Also the organisation names for the customer base and also move ahead with the
satisfaction levels. In retailing sector the customers play a major role and will also define the
amount of growth that is being stipulated. The growth of the organisation is only enhanced by
how far the organisation is aiming for its targets and achieving them in no time. The budget of
the organisation is also stipulated and all this analysis is maintained by the key performance
indicators which are designed to analyse the growth. Project management is entirely based on
how far the organisation is being able to measure at specific targets that are necessary for the
improvement of actions which are stipulated in the project. The Information Technology plays a
major role in determining the nature of the project. in the organisation Marks and Spencer the
information technology is also ruling over the indications that are necessary for the key
performance indicators. The measurable quantities are the ones that are suggested by these

indicators such that the progress at all stages of the project enhancement are maintained. The
smart objective in this regard play a major role where the stakeholders are the secondary roles in
developing the project. The key metrics are also the ones that will determine Value Management.
Planning is necessary in order to bring about a work schedule that is oriented with business
personification. The scheduled work that is a part of project management is made real estate such
that the cost and the budget that is oriented with the development of certain principles there is
maintained. The key performance indicators will determine how far the resources are being
utilised and how much but that is being put forth in order to bring about a successful approach.
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DATA
The primary data that is oriented with research facility is while gaining information is regarded
to be one of the most proficient in terms of study. The essence of every project lies in how far the
research is made and the data is developed (Tereso and et.al, 2019). Every project management is
oriented with the service of the patients and direct interviews such that the knowledge that is
required in order to gain the important values of a project can therefore be derived. In retailing a
project it is necessary that the workplace will have to be observed and the loopholes are to be
identified. Upon a particular research regarding the practices that are to be included in
determining the poster of the project it is also a more interesting aspect to develop our team and
that is a part of primary work. This work will contain all the initial facilities in order to process
the entire project. For this the major purpose is to drive information from different sources and it
is not until when the specific information is guaranteed that the project gets gratified. For
example if it is a sales management in the organisation and the team is working for the project in
order to develop sales then the initial project will be identifying customers. Customer
identification is necessary and their interaction will portray on set of different things that are to
be processed. In this regard the leadership also will come forward in order to meet the team in
terms of development. The secondary data in this regard will portray an increase in the format
that is necessary to collectively bring forth the intake of measurements which is necessary to
cope up with the project. All the measurements that are oriented with the development of project
are there for administered and the compensation regarding the laws of different resources can
also be analysed. In the secondary data that is oriented with the project management most of the
resources are analyse. Resources are necessary in order to move ahead with the choices that are
to be implemented in the organisation as a part of project management. Without comprehensive

data and the set of identity that are oriented with customers there is no possibility of developing
the resources. As a part of this process the determination with regard to information of
individuals is gratified by the set of team that is developed to work on a skilled basis. The
secondary data will speak many issues with regard to project management (Bjorvatn and Wald,
2018). The availability of definite set of components that constitute a project will be describe as
a part of how far the initiation as well as the completion of project can be screenshot. This code
also help the team to orient with certain factors that are prevailing in the present scenario that
will also change over time.
DIFFERENT METRICS
The different metrics that will bring about a successful project management are as follows:
Customer satisfaction index: this particular matrix is oriented with the customers and their
satisfaction levels. When the organisation has worked upon maintaining the stature of customer
demands and brought about the project on a successful terms in satisfying their means and
providing them with their reliable measures then the customer satisfaction index is achieved.
Productivity: productivity is oriented with how far the resources as well as the knowledge with
regard to project is building enhance in the management. It is not until when every set of entity is
gratified in the project that the level of productivity will come forth. Productivity will also
determine the kind of enhancement that will have to be ensured when determining a project.
Cost performance: cost performance is one of the key metrics that will identify the terms and
conditions that are oriented with project management. Every set of ideology or the stipulated
implementation with regard to project is identified by far the cost is being oriented.
Cycle time: the cycle time in this regard is the tenure of project management. When the
organisation is moving with certain entity of project management than the time cycle of the
entire project will play a major role. The short the time cycle the more effective the resources are
used. Therefore the time period is also one of the reliable metric to determine the project
management.
Employee satisfaction: while dealing with project it is also necessary that the employees will
have to be taken into account. A project cannot be completed without employees and their
dedication (Banihashemi and et.al, 2017). Their for employees will also send as one of the metric
in identifying the choices that are made in project management.

Business goals alignment: there are certain goals that are oriented with the business. In order to
make sure that the project is completed with regard to the resources that are supplied by the
business the alignment will also have to be maintained. The strategic business goals which are
the targets of every employee to be accomplished are also the criteria of the metric that are
involved in determining the stage of the project.
STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES
Statistical techniques are the path managements are the techniques that will bring about different
set of entities that are dealing with a project. The statistical data is necessary in order to analyse
the project completion at every stage. In this present world where retailing is one of the most
major consequence the industries that are acquired in this sector are said to be those that are
skilled maintaining the project management. In this regard the different project management
techniques that will fall are as follows:
Work breakdown structure: this is one of the technique in order to bring about a manageable data
that is necessary for project management to move ahead with hierarchical decomposition. This
will also be represented as a graphical representation which will define the final product or the
output that will have to be ensured. This also leads to the completion of project on a regular term.
Divide and conquer: this is one of the major technique where if the project duration of the length
is a little longer than that which is expected then it is divided into smaller components and every
component is taken care about. In this format the entire project can be completed and the targets
that are oriented with the project completion or also achieved.
Gantt chart: Gantt chart is a technique that will bring about different manageable techniques
apart from scheduling and planning. Planning and scheduling are the major components of this
particular chat where planning and scheduling will also be a part of project management. It is not
until when the comfort values are brought about by different timelines that the project yet
completed within no time (Borkovskaya, 2018).
Critical path method: this can also be regarded to be one of the efficient as well as a good project
model that can determine the duration and completion of the project. This will also portrayed the
dependencies of certain and points and their deliverables. The information that is oriented with
certain project management is also scheduled and therefore everything regarding the completion
as well as the onset of data can be maintained.

CONCLUSION
The entire report concludes upon explaining the aspect of project management. Through this
report one can easily understand the essence of project management and the different strategies
that are employed in it. The appropriate strategies that will assist different project management
are hypothetically incorporated in this report. This analytical techniques will explain the different
aspects or will ensure the data that is to be stipulated in a project. A critical analysis over the
project management function is portrayed in this report. Through this one can easily understand
the advantages as well as a disadvantages of different project management functions. A critical
understanding over the metrics and key performance indicators with in a project management
context is being put forth in this report. This will help to identify the different metrics and key
performance indicators which are a part of project management. The secondary and primary data
that is a drive project management is also included in this report. This can help to critically
analyse the performance of a project management. There are certain metrics that are part of
project management and that will also determine the project performance. These are being
included in this along with the different statistical Techniques that are a part of project
management support.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Banihashemi and et.al, 2017. Critical success factors (CSFs) for integration of sustainability into
construction project management practices in developing countries. International Journal
of Project Management. 35(6). pp.1103-1119.
Bjorvatn and Wald, 2018. Project complexity and team-level absorptive capacity as drivers of
project management performance. International Journal of Project Management. 36(6).
pp.876-888.
Borkovskaya, 2018. Project management risks in the sphere of housing and communal services.
In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 251, p. 06025). EDP Sciences.
Hair and Sarstedt, 2021. Explanation Plus Prediction—The Logical Focus of Project
Management Research. Project Management Journal, p.8756972821999945.
Ika and et.al, 2020. Cross-learning between project management and international development:
Analysis and research agenda. International Journal of Project Management. 38(8). pp.548-
558.
Müller and et.al, 2019. Modeling organizational project management. Project Management
Journal. 50(4). pp.499-513.
Radujković and Sjekavica, 2017. Project management success factors. Procedia engineering.
196. pp.607-615.
Rodríguez-Rivero and et.al, 2020. Applying the strategic prospective approach to project
management in a development project in Colombia. International Journal of Project
Management. 38(8). pp.534-547.
Silvius, 2017. Sustainability as a new school of thought in project management. Journal of
Cleaner Production. 166. pp.1479-1493.
Tereso and et.al, 2019. Project management practices in private organizations. Project
Management Journal. 50(1). pp.6-22.
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