Project Management Principles and Practices: A Comprehensive Report

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MANAGEMENT OF
PROJECT

Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
LO1: Project Management Principles..............................................................................................5
AC 1.1 Explain the principles of project management................................................................5
AC 1.2 Discuss the viability of projects with particular emphasis on the criteria for
success/failure..............................................................................................................................6
AC 1.3 Explore principles behind project management systems and procedures.......................7
AC1.4 Explain the key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting post-project
appraisals.....................................................................................................................................7
LO2 Planning a Project’s organisation and human resource management.....................................9
AC 2.1 Plan the most appropriate organisational structure.........................................................9
AC 2.2 Discuss the roles and responsibilities of participants within a project............................9
AC 2.3 Carry out the control and coordination of a project......................................................10
AC 2.4 Document project leadership requirements and qualities.............................................11
AC 2.5 Plan specific human resources and requirements for a project.....................................11
LO3 Managing a Project................................................................................................................13
AC 3.1 Design the project organisation with reference to prepared project management plans.
...................................................................................................................................................13
AC 3.2 Use project scheduling and cost control techniques.....................................................14
AC 3.3 Report the methods used to measure project performance...........................................16
AC 3.4 Report project change control procedures.....................................................................16
AC 3.5 Discuss the outcomes of the project and make recommendations................................18
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................20
References......................................................................................................................................21

List of figures
Figure 1: Organisational chart for the project..................................................................................9
Figure 2 Gant Chart.......................................................................................................................16
Figure 3: Project changes factors...................................................................................................17
Figure 4: Project changes effects...................................................................................................18
Figure 5: Project changes outcomes..............................................................................................18
List of tables
Table 1: Table for the success factors of a project..........................................................................6
Table 2: Table for Work Breakdown and Cost Breakdown..........................................................14

Introduction
In this report, management of project which consist of different techniques and methods used for
the planning, development and implementation of project along different structures such as Work
Breakdown and Cost Breakdown structure has been explained to improve the knowledge and
skills of an individual about the project and how to manage any project with different methods
and techniques.
The main of this project is to make an individual aware of the terms, techniques, and methods
used for the management of a project along with their design structures.

LO1: Project Management Principles
AC 1.1 Explain the principles of project management.
Management of the project is one of the most significant parts for the successful completion of
the project in order to increase the business as well as to meet all the goals and targets of the
business. It consists of all the details of the project such as the goal of the project, objective of
the project, risks and various other factors resulting success of the project within given timeline
(Yada, 2018). All these can be achieved with the help of better management of the project by
following all the basic principles which are given below:
Objective and Goals of the project: It consists of concept development of objectives for the
project as well as all the required deliverables to fulfill the goal of the project. It helps to put each
and every member of the project focused on the same page along with the correct direction.
Budgeting of the project: It consists of the estimation and calculation of the total cost of the
project in order to eliminate unwanted work, resources, etc. to reduce the overall cost of the
project.
Scheduling and estimation: It consists of work schedule development for the complete work in
order to manage all the activities and works as well as the estimated calculation of man-hours
needed in the completion of the project.
Defining responsibilities of the team: It is also important to define the responsibilities of all the
members participated in the project and creating a checklist for the same using different
applications such as Gantt chart.
Development of milestones: In this, complete project activities are divided into multiple steps
along with the date of completion. It helps in the management of the large or complex project by
dividing it into small portions of work.
Management of goals and priorities changes: It consists of proper planning, flexibility and to
be always ready for new changes in the goal and priorities of the project for the success of the
project.
Responsibility and accountability: It plays a significant role for the project manager as well as
team members to hold each and every member of the team accounted for their assigned task.

Measurement of success: It consists of measurement of different activities and the success of
work by the team or the member of the team to focus on the area which needs improvement. It
also helps in feedback and review on the work done by the team or the members of the team.
AC 1.2 Discuss the viability of projects with particular emphasis on the criteria for
success/failure.
Success or failure criteria plays the most significant role in the analysis of various risk and points
which can result in success as well as the failure of the overall project. Different factors and risks
influencing the overall project success or failure must be defined for the project at different
phases of the project (Taherdoost and Keshavarzsaleh, 2016). The most common factors
responsible for the success of a project has been given below:
Table 1: Table for the success factors of a project
Factors influencing success of a project Percentage
User Involvement 15%
Executive Management Support 14%
Clear Statement of Requirements 13.3%
Proper Planning 9.2%
Realistic Expectations 8.4%
Smaller Project Milestones 7.9%
Competent Staff 7.3%
Ownership 5.6%
Clear Vision and Objectives 2.8%
Hard-Working, Focused Staff 2.6%
Other 13.9%
Total
Along with all the above factors, the main factors which have major responsibilities for the
success or failure of the project are as follow:
 Involvement of the user.
 Support from executive management.
 All the requirements should be clearly stated.

 Well defined planning of the project and various activities.
AC 1.3 Explore principles behind project management systems and procedures.
It plays an important role in the management of the project along with procedures followed for
the completion of the project in order to develop an effective and conceptual proposed plan for
the project. It consists of management along with the resources required and stakeholders
involved in the project to influence the performance, success, and monitoring of the project
(Itegi, 2015). Different principles used for the project management systems and procedures have
been given below:
 Linking of objectives and goals of the project with the stakeholders involved.
 Focusing on the needs of a customer.
 Development of project team with very high performance.
 Defining of work or function boundaries.
 Development of work breaks down structure for the complete project.
 Schedule and cost estimation of the project.
 Project risk calculation.
 Development of a system for monitoring and control over various activities of the project.
AC1.4 Explain the key elements involved in terminating projects and conducting
post-project appraisals.
Different key elements are responsible for the termination and conduction of post-project
appraisals which is beneficial for the project (Samset and Volden, 2016). Some of the key
elements has been given below:
 Meeting on the evaluation of post-project hold.
 To ensure the payments received from customers.
 All the payments must be paid to the respective supplier or contractor.
 Meetings on a regular basis with team members as well as different teams involved in the
project.
 Advanced declaration for the meeting.
 Better plan development for the meeting with groups.
 Discussion on important topics related to the project.

 Analysis of performance on the basis of cost.
 Planning of control and monitoring for the project.
 Identification of problems and their solution.
 Communications between teams and team members of the project.

LO2 Planning a Project’s organisation and human resource management.
AC 2.1 Plan the most appropriate organisational structure.
The organizational structure consists of all the members and staffs involved in the project such as
CEO, Project Manager, and others to motivate all the staffs as well as manage and empower all
the staffs with the help of proper communication and collaboration within the project. An
organizational structure for a project has been shown below:
Figure 1: Organisational chart for the project
(Source: Created by the author)
AC 2.2 Discuss the roles and responsibilities of participants within a project.
It consists of different role and responsibilities defined for the actors and members of the project
for their effective contribution using a clear focus towards their work for the successful
completion of the project (Cole, 2018). Different roles and their responsibilities have been
explained below:

CEO: To manage and to an eye on all the activities of the project as well as members of the
project.
Sponsor: To provide sponsorship for the project.
Shareholders: To define all the requirements, objective and goals of the project for the business.
It consists of different members such as Project manager, Human Resource, Leaders, Technical
leader, and others.
Organisational management: To define all the needs and requirements at different phases of
the project, evaluation of risks and management of capitals for the project.
Project specialist: To provide expert opinion and views on the planning of the project as well as
other activities in effective implementation of the project.
Project control: To check the status of different activities and actions within the project and to
take actions in order to correct different action for improvement.
Commencement of the project: To recruit a project manager as well as different members of
the project team. Also, provide support on the basis of finance as well as authenticate different
documents and actions within the project.
Other functions: To provide and complete numerous other activities within the project such as
maintenance work, documentation work, develop unique ideas for the project, security, etc.
AC 2.3 Carry out the control and coordination of a project.
Project control: It consists of various works for the identification of different purposes and
measures for the control of different activities to develop an effective proposed plan for the
project. It can be designed more effective and innovative with the help of technology and
techniques along with different control mechanism (Berhausen and Thrane, 2018). It has been
done to achieve the following parameters:
 Measurement of performance for the project.
 Keep records of different activities and actions.
 Evaluation of risk and delay in any work.
 To keep updated on all the works and plans.
 To provide approval for signing-off when a particular action has been completed.

Project Co-ordination: It consists of well-developed management and planning different
actions and works with multiple teams within the project at the same time. It plays an important
role in the completion of different phases of the project with the team management and their
effort bundled altogether along with easy management of issues and problems with the team
members. It helps in the successful achievement of the goals and objectives of the project.
AC 2.4 Document project leadership requirements and qualities.
Project leaders: These are the main actors of a project and plays a significant role at each and
every stages of the project. They all the important decisions for the project as well as team
members, to fix all the issues, provide proper guidance and motivate team members to fulfill
goals and objectives of the project (Novo et at. 2018). The main key requirements and qualities
for good leadership within a project has been given below:
 Provide explanation and guidance in detail.
 Respect other members and staffs involved in the project.
 Must be helpful and supportive in nature.
 Must have good leadership ability.
 To manage errors done by team members and provide proper feedback.
 Must hold all the members together.
 Provide an appreciation for the good work and also define the pros & cons of any work.
 Manage proper communication within teams and team members.
 Must be attentive and monitor activities done by an individual.
 Always provide clear instructions and declaration about the objective of the project.
AC 2.5 Plan specific human resources and requirements for a project.
Human resources planning: It consists of appointment and recruitment of best employee
suitable for particular work or task within the project in order to enhance the performance as well
as productivity of the project by utilizing skills and knowledge of the recruited individual and
providing proper training to enhance their skills (Rafiei and Davari, 2015). It helps in proper
planning for the management of work and the man required for that work, the supply of
materials, tools and applications or devices in an organized way including different analysis done
of external conditions such as government laws, competitors in the market, economic condition
etc.