A Detailed Report on Operation and Project Management Practices

This report delves into the realms of operations and project management, presenting a comprehensive analysis of key principles and practical applications. The first part of the report focuses on Rolls Royce, examining their operations management strategies, and includes a review and critique of their implementation of these principles, followed by the preparation of a continuous improvement plan. The second part shifts to a case study of a manufacturing company in the Midlands, exploring the project life cycle within the context of a canteen project. The report reviews and critiques the effectiveness of the project life cycle in this application. The report also covers lean principles, continuous improvement plans, and project lifecycle stages, offering a holistic view of operational and project management practices. This report is valuable for students seeking to understand the intricacies of operations and project management in real-world scenarios.

OPERATION
AND PROJECT
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PROJECT 1......................................................................................................................................3
P1 Review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles within the
relation of the company...............................................................................................................3
P2 Preparation of continuous improvement plan in relation with the operation management
principles.....................................................................................................................................5
PROJECT 2......................................................................................................................................7
P3 PlC related with the given project along with the supported document................................7
P4 Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application of the project..................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Operations refers to the set of activities performed in an organisation with a view to
achieve organisation objective(Xu and et. al., 2012). The management of operations is necessary
for the company to form the high efficiency in any company. Operation is related with
converting raw material and labour into the goods and services in an effective manner which
maximises the profit of the organisation. This report has two parts and in first part report is
covered on Rolls Royce. The first part of the report will cover introduction of the company and
explanation of operation and operation management and review of operation management
principles and preparing the continuous improvement plan. The second part of the report will
based on the large manufacturing organisation based in Midlands and it includes project life
cycle and how this cycle applies to the Midlands pump and effectiveness of the PLC in
application to the project.
PROJECT 1
P1 Review and critique of the implementation of operations management principles within the
relation of the company.
Introduction of the organisation-
Rolls Royce is a British auto-mobile maker which was established in 1998 but the
company was originally originated in 1906 and after that the company established the business of
aero engine manufacturing. This company was established by two partners which are Charles
Rolls and Henry Royce. The Rolls Royce developed a good reputation brand by providing
superior car with a objective to provide best car in the world. Rolls Royce has developed a good
reputation in the case of development and manufacturing engines.
Operation versus operation management
Operation and operation management are the two different terms which have different
value towards a company and these terms are described below-
Operation- This term refers to the set of activities or task which are involved in
producing the specific products or service. Operation includes the activities which are performed
to produce the goods and services. Product refers to an object which is in a tangible form
whereas services refers to the activity which can be only felt by the customers. The Rolls Royce
performs various set of activities which are necessary to manufacture their auto-mobile market.

Operation management- The management of operation is the process in which the
activities related in operation are supervised so that the efficiency of the operations can be
increased. This is important for the company so that production can be managed properly and it
reduces the wastage.
Difference between operation and operation management.
Basis Operations Operation management
Objective The operation is concerned
with the production of goods
and services(Balasubramaniam
and et. al., 2016).
The management of operation
is concerned with managing
the activities involved in
operations.
Importance The organising of various set
of activities in the Rolls Royce
is necessary to produce cars or
auto mobile product in the
market.
This is necessary for the
company to ensure that the
cars are produced in an
effective manner.
Review and critique for the implementation of operation management principles in relation
with the company.
Case- The Rolls Royce is planning to launch new automatic voice navigation car in the market
and for this purpose, the company has to analyse the principles of operation management and
provide a review on it.
The operational activities of the company depends upon the performance of operational
and other departments and the principles which are used by the every departments are described
below-
 Principle of reality- This principle of reality is concerned with the problem rather than
techniques as the tool will not help the company to solve the problem in reality. Tools
cannot be used by the company to create a universal solution. Rolls Royce is using this
principle as they only focus on the issue rather than the specific tool as that tool might not
be an effective way to solve that issue.

 Principle of accountability- This principle is used by the manager of the company as
they delegate the work to their employees so that employees will put more effort in the
company and it will increases their accountability as roles are defined. Rolls Royce use
this principle so that they can develop their employees results in increased accountability
of employee and mangers supervise their employees to check that the goals are
accomplished(Nunna and et. al., 2016).
 Principle of Fundamentals- This principle is related with the reason of success as most
of the success is depend upon the rules and regulations which are used in the company
and few amount of success is depend upon the new tools and techniques which are
required to be adopted. Rolls Royce has their specified rules which are required to follow
and they regularly provide training to their employees so that they can keep them updated
towards the new tools.
 Principle of causality- This principle is related with the problems that occurs again and
again is a sign that something is wrong and a step is required to be taken. Rolls Royce
study deeply all their problems and find their best solution in a particular time so that it
do not occur again.
Analyse to the extent to which the operation management principles met the requirement
of the organisation.
The principles of operation management is necessary to apply in the organisation so that
the operational activities in the company can be managed effectively. The principles such as
accountability increases the effectiveness of the employees and causality helps in solving the
problem that can occur again. These principles of operational management are the base for the
operational activities as they work as a guide for the employees of the company. These principles
are normally used by every department of the Rolls Royce as it helps the employees of the
company in fulfilling their roles and responsibilities.
P2 Preparation of continuous improvement plan in relation with the operation management
principles.
Continuous improvement philosophy and described as lean principles.
Continuous improvement plan is a philosophy used by the company to improve their
product quality by setting key performance indicator for the employees(Yari,and et. al., 2015).
This philosophy is used by the Rolls Royce to maintain the growth of the company.

Lean principles- This principle is used by the company to reduce the use of unnecessary
things at the time of operation. This principle is used to utilise the resources of the company in
an effective and efficient manner. The principles are explained below-
 Identify value- This is related with identification of the feature provides high value in
product offered by the the company in the view of customer. This is used by the Rolls
Royce so they can increase more value in that feature which will attract the attention of
customer.
 Map value stream- After determination of the unique feature the company evaluate the
process so that the goals of the company are met. This describes the map of the company
which is required to be followed by all the departments such as finance, marketing etc.
 Create Flow- This is related with the activities involved in the increasing efficiency of
the product through reducing the wastage of the product. Rolls Royce increases the
qualities of the activities which increases the level of efficiency.
 Establish pull- This is related with the identification that at which time customer
requires the product in accordance with the time will be allotted to activities. Rolls Royce
identifies the time period and make policies so that target can be achieved according to
the particular time.
 Seek perfection- This includes identification of the areas where there is a need of the
improvement so that efficiency of product can be increased and provide great value to
customer(Ming, Kun and Daoxin 2013). Rolls Royce identifies areas in their operation
where they can improve so that value of car will be increased.
Prepare a continuous improvement plan based on the review and critique of the operation
management principles.
Continuous improvement plan is a process which involves the various activities which is
preformed by the company to improve the key areas of production. This is applied through the
proper supervision done by the manager as they find out the areas where there is a high need of
supervision. The plan is used by the company is described below-
 Plan- The process of manufacturing includes planning techniques which are used by the
company to reduce the wastage and improve the quality of the product. The techniques
such as Six sigma, total quality management are used by the managers of the company to

determine the defect and errors so that product with no error can be produced(Nong and
et. al., 2013). This involves some objective which are required to be follow that are-
- Acquiring the large share in the auto mobile market with this new product.
- To complete the desire of the targeted customers.
- Ensure the availability of require raw material and equipments
- Using improved technology.
 Do- This involves the blueprint of the car which is expected to be produced so that
process of production can be takes place. This allows the Rolls Royce to complete the
physical process of production in a specified period of time. The changes which are
required to produce a error free product are developed so that product can be launched
into the market.
 Check- After implementing the changes in the production process, the product is applied
in the process of checking where the car of Rolls Royce is checked by managers weather
all the features are working correctly that is without any error.
 Act- Rolls Royce uses the total quality management as a technique to check the quality of
the product. Total quality management is applied on every department in the company
and every department is responsible for the quality of the product. This approach is
customer oriented approach as it examine the effectiveness of the product with the needs
and wants of the customer(Ghaffari 2012).
Two justified recommendation
According to continuous development plan there are following recommendation so that
company can achieve better result-
 As continuous improvement plan suggest that manager of the company can improve the
quality of the product by improving the product which is only possible with the proper
evaluation of the project.
 This also suggest that there should be an effective planning technique in the company so
that changes can be implemented accordingly.
PROJECT 2
P3 PlC related with the given project along with the supported document.
Overview of the case-

This case study is based on the manufacturing company based in Midlands. The company
is Midland pump manufacturing company which has 1250 employees on this site. The
employees engaged in the company has different roles and responsibilities. The offices and
factories are build on a extensive area and there is no service of catering in the office premises.
The company has two objective that is to reduce the movement of staff from the office and
factory as it is causing congestion issues and to develop a healthy life style which will reduce
absenteeism.
Project- The plan is to open the canteen in the company so that employee can stay in the
premises during their lunch break.
Description of the project life cycle and explanation of the each stage.
Project life cycle refers to the process which is normally used by all the mangers when
they have to complete a project. This is a framework used by the company to manage any type of
projects in a particular enterprise(McCabe and et. al., 2012). The Midland manufacturing
company is planning to implement the project which is opening a canteen and for this purpose
the manager of the company is required to use the project life cycle so that project can be
accomplished accurately. This is a tool through which the firm can achieve success at the time of
implementation of the new project as it works as a guide to the employees of the company. This
cycle involves the four step process which have to be implemented by the project manger of the
Midland pump manufacturing company which are stated below-
 Project initiation
 Project Planning
 Project execution
 Project closure

The explanation of the above four steps are as follows-
 Project initiation- This stage includes the development of the project idea and it is
considered as a starting point for the project. At this stage strategic needs are required to
be identified by the upper management of company so that the problem can be identified
for which the project is developed(Jaca and et. al., 2012). The Midland pump
manufacturing company has identified the problem of not having canteen and determined
the project which is to open a canteen so that they can increase the healthy life style of
their employees.
 Project planning- When the project development is finalised then plans are formed and
initials goals are set and in this stage, the purpose, mission and vision of the project is
defined and strategies through this can be achieved. The strategies are the guidelines
which helps in completion of the project. Midland pump manufacturing company has a
specified objective that is to stop their staff from going outside from the premises. They
have planned to develop the canteen and the success measurement criteria is checked
when employees will stop going out during their lunch break.
 Project execution- This is the most important stage in the life cycle of the project as it
involves the implementation and the required tools and equipments are used to execute
the project(Yoo, Kim and Park 2012). This involves execution of the activities to
complete the project. At this stage , the plan comes into the action and it determines that
the resources are used effectively and the budget is accurate or not. Midland pump
manufacturing company have used all the available resources and executed the project as
this stage involves the strategic planning and implementing the plans into the action so
that project can be accomplished.
 Project closure- This is the last stage of the project where project is accomplished and
project team is terminated from their roles and responsibilities. The resources are sent
back to the parent company and project is transferred to the user of the project. Project
manager transferred the project to the employees who will manage the canteen.
These are the steps which are used by the company to develop a proper project so that the
company can stop their employees from going outside and provide them healthy life styles.
Each stage of PLC applied to the given case.

Overview of the company- The Midland pump manufacturing company is situated in
Midland, U.K. The company have 1250 employees working on the factory and office premises.
The company produces various types of pumps such as gear pumps to their customers.
Mission and Vision- The vision of the company is to attract large number of customer
customer in the pump manufacturing industry.
Objective- The objective of the company is to earn higher revenues through increasing
the sale of their pump. Though they also want to provide good working condition to their
employees.
Strategy- They have developed the above mentioned strategy so that they can achieve
their desired objectives.
Follow up- This is the last step in which activities are examined and evaluate if activities
are implemented accordingly or not.
Project plan-
Cost- The plan require fund to perform the operation in the project and the cost of the
project is estimated between £30000-£40000.
Communication- The effective communication is necessary in the company to
communicate the policies to the employee so that there will be less conflicts(.Sánchez-Silva and
Klutke 2016). The Pump manufacturing company is required to communicate the project
objective so that it can be successfully implemented.
Scope- The company can only achieve the project objective if they provide good quality
food in their canteen which will stop the employees from going out.
Cost benefit analysis-
This is a tool used by the company to determine the profitability of the project through
deducting the total cost from the expected revenue(Reza, Sadiq and Hewage 2014). The pump
manufacturing company uses this tool so that they can determine the profitability of the
company.
Work break down structure-
This is another tool which helps the company in reducing the burden of work form the
employees and the major work is divide into the sub work so that activities can be easily
performed which result in achievement of the project objective.

P4 Review and critique the effectiveness of the PLC in application of the project.
It is important for the company to evaluate the effectiveness of the project life cycle to
determine that project objective is achieved. There are some theories and model which can be
used by the company which are described below-
Holistic and focused critiques – The steps of the project management life cycle are the
effective tool to complete the project as due to project life cycle, project can be completed by the
company in an effective and systematic manner(Hauschild and et. al., 2013). As the Mildred
pump manufacturing company has used this tool and in result they have successfully completed
their project.
Theory of effectiveness measurement- This theory is related with the measurement of
the effectiveness of the steps of project life cycle. This theory involves getting feedback from the

employees who took part in the completion of project. This is used by the pump manufacturing
company as a follow up activity in which feedback are estimated and these feedback are
considered as a tool for measuring how effectively project was implemented. The company used
project life cycle as a main tool because it helped them in achieving the project objective.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that operation and operation management are
two different terms having different meaning and principles of operation management are as
essential tool to met the requirement of the company. Continuous improvement plan is prepared
by the company to improve the key areas and reduce the wastage. The project life cycle is a tool
used by the Mildred pump manufacturing company to complete the project and it has proved an
effective tool for the company. The company have measure the effectiveness of this tool so that
they can use it in further.