Project Management Team Culture: A Dissertation Literature Review

This dissertation literature review explores the multifaceted aspects of project management and the crucial role of team culture in achieving project success. It delves into various themes, including project management methodologies, team building concepts, and the responsibilities of project management teams. The review synthesizes insights from various authors, examining project management techniques, financial planning, and team dynamics. It also highlights the significance of team member responsibilities, effective communication, and the project manager's role in fostering a successful team environment. The review emphasizes the importance of building a strong team culture to enhance project outcomes, providing a comprehensive overview of the key factors that contribute to effective project management and team performance. The literature review aims to provide recommendations for building a strong team culture within a project management setting.

DISSERTATION
LITERATURE
REVIEW

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Project Management...................................................................................................................3
Project Management Team.........................................................................................................8
Culture......................................................................................................................................10
Team Culture............................................................................................................................14
Recruiting in Project Management Team.................................................................................17
Mediator in project management..............................................................................................19
Workshop and seminar in project management........................................................................21
Recommendation for building a team culture in project management team............................22
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................24
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................25

INTRODUCTION
Literature Review is one of the significant parts in the dissertation that provides detailed
knowledge and understanding about subject. With the help of this chapter, a researcher can
easily understand objectives of study and collect information from several secondary sources.
In this chapter, secondary information can be collected from several sources and includes
information that was defined by various authors. Several authors provided various views and
opinions about the subject.
In the present study, the major aim is to recommend for building a team culture in a
project management team. For addressing this objective, scholar has collected secondary
information from various secondary sources. Several themes regarding the subjects are discussed
below-
Project Management
According to the view of Akram, Ihsan, Zafar and Hayat, (2018) project management is
the practice of initiating, planning, executing, controlling and closing the work of team to
achieve particular goals and meet specific success criteria at specified time. It is a kind of rule
for implement established principles, procedures and policies to manage a project from
conception through completion. It is a method of organizing various activities regarding the
project and its several parts. The purpose of a project may range from new product development
to its service launch.
In the contradicting view of Noguera, Guerrero-Roldán and Masó, (2018) stated that
project management is the art of managing all the aspects of a project from starting to end by use
of several scientific and structured methodologies. This aspect includes application of
knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to project activities for meeting the project deadline.

The major purpose of project management is to start, manage and finish the activities and
functions to address determined objectives in a systematic manner and within specified time.
This includes five stages such as initiating, planning, executing, monitoring, controlling and
closing. The knowledge of project management draws on various areas such as integration,
scope, time, cost, quality, procurement, human resource, communications, risk management,
stakeholders management etc.
In the opinion of Martinsuo and Hoverfält, (2018) project management is the application
of various skills, knowledge, ideas, experiences, methods for achieving the project targets and
objectives. It is the body of knowledge consisted with techniques, tools and principles that are
used in planning, controlling, monitoring and reviewing of project.
In the opinion of Bredillet, Tywoniak and Tootoonchy, (2018) project management
includes discipline, plan, principles, theories, concepts that are initiated for implementing some
changes in a particular manner. It is an ongoing procedure that is conduct for achieve determined
objective. The major elements of project management are time, cost, scope and quality that are
considered by Project Manager at the time of initiating the procedure. Thus, it can say that for
accomplish the objective of project management, project manager must consider these elements
for effective outcomes.
In the opinion of Hornstein, (2015) there are various project management techniques and
tools such as planning the project, work breakdown structure, schedule planning, financial
planning and work authorization process etc. Planning the project is one of the major techniques
of project management, under which requirement for statement of work, specifications and
company policies and procedure are included.

In order to initiate, planning the project is one of the most significant techniques that help
project manager in designing a systematic schedule and plan for entire activities and functions.
With the help of planning the project, a manager can set the target and forecast future
requirements regarding accomplishing activities thus it is very important for manager to consider
the project planning in the initial level so as determined outcome can easily obtain. It establishes
the framework upon which project manager includes scope of work, budget, schedule, technical
objectives etc. Furthermore, project manager also focuses on the work package, breakdown
structure, and associated authorization documents etc. With the help of all elements, project
manager designs a systematic planning for project.
In the contradicting view Zhou, Lrizarry and Lu, (2018) stated that work break down
structure is another significant technique of project management that have three division of
hardware, software, service and other work task that is organised, designed and displayed in
order to accomplish the task as well as work regarding real purpose. The major objective of work
breaks down structure is breakdown the entire project into smaller components.
It is a project deliverable that helps to project manager in divide the entire activities,
functions and tasks of project into smaller parts so to determine targets that can be achieved in
effective and efficient manner.
It provides necessary framework which provides guidance and direction for
accomplishing project in systematic manner. With the help of work break down structure, project
manager can control and monitor each activity and task because it helps in organising each task
in specified time period. With assistance of proper scheduling and segmentation of various tasks
and activities, project manager can minimise risk of failure.

A work breakdown structure helps to top level in allocate the budget in the project. With
this help, departmental budget can be easily calculated. It assists in allocate time and cost in the
project so as budget can be quickly developed. Project work break down structure in the project
management helps in identifying potential risks so that chances of failure can decrease in the
project management. In addition to this, project work breaks down structure also helps in
identifying communication points and developing a communication plan within business
enterprise.
Illustration 1: Project management
(Source: What is Project management, 2017)

In the opinion of Akram, Ihsan, Zafar and Hayat, (2018) Task its writes, sizes and objective and
techniques are formatin of undertaking group extraordinarily relies upon the application region
and on the character of organizations directing the venture. Group achievement in the usage of a
venture relies upon the group level. Reliance of group viability on group level has been
contemplated by J.R. Katzenbach and D.K. Smith (1993). In that work, the creators proposed
five group levels, beginning from a pseudo collaborate to a superior group. Specifically, in a
superior group, the connections between colleagues and their responsibility to each other's self-
awareness and improvement assume the primary part in the task achievement. Then again, a
pseudo group is at the most reduced level, where individuals trust that they are a piece of a
group, yet not going about as one gathering coordinatedly in the undertaking. The selection of
representatives is generally done entirely independently for each contracted laborer. That is, the
specialist is picked by mulling over mostly his or her appropriateness for the organization,
without relationship of the individual with a particular task. Since here is just a single individual
considered at once, such a decision is sensibly like a solitary measure streamlining issue and can
be formally unraveled by understood improvement strategies. Be that as it may, in venture group
development every individual to be utilized is considered not just from his appropriateness for
the organization all in all, yet additionally by considered diverse criteria identified with a
particular task. A standout amongst the most essential criteria here is the ability of the procured
individual to be an authority in the task theme, as well as to be perfect with different individuals
from the venture. Thus, venture group development has all the earmarks of being a multi criteria
advancement issue, for arrangement of which rather complex scientific techniques ought to be
utilized. There are known endeavors to take care of multi criteria advancement issues which
infer rather complex numerical apparatuses. There are more straightforward techniques to
change the multi criteria improvement issue into a solitary measure errand.
According to the view of Daniel, (2018)Project management research is the
acknowledged that two perspectives on project performance must be considered. Project
management initiate the activities and function for achieve something. Project manager
organises several activities and function for address the objective regarding projects and focuses
on the issues and complexities. Project manager have role to manage and control the
performance and activities of the team members. According to the view of Daniel and Daniel,
(2018) financial planning is another significant technique of project management where project

manager can easily allocate resources for the project. With the help of financial planning in the
project management, manager can easily estimate future requirements of fund and make
effective budget for work break down structure. Financial plans include expenditure plans based
on rate of expenditure related to the availability of fund, capital investment plan, profit plans etc.
The chances of failure in the project can be easily decreased because future requirements of
finance can easily estimate with help of financial planning. Thus, from this entire discussion, it
has been analysed that project management is a systematic activity that is organised to
accomplish tasks in effective manner.
Illustration 2: Project management
Source: Project management, 2016

Project Management Team
Team Building Concept, (2017) stated that for initiate the project in an effective manner,
project team has great role. Each member in the project team is equally responsible for achieving
targets and purposes. Project team is a group of individuals who works together for
accomplishing targets of any project. The project team can be built on temporary basis or for
long time basis. It depends upon targets and aim of project that how much team member is need
for accomplish the target of project. The project can accomplish within few weeks or a few
years.
For accomplishing any project within specified time period, it is very important to have
effective skills and qualities among team members. Skilled team member can aid in
accomplishing the targets of project in specified time period. Skilled employees can be from
either various functional areas or a similar one.
When in any organisation, project management program starts then management can
create team with existing human resources. When existing human resources included in the team
then it assists in saving cost of organisation.
On the other hand, sometimes an organisation creates team by hiring new people for
managing the project. In the project management team, project manager has great role that is
responsible for leading, controlling and monitoring of project. He/she is responsible for
allocating several authorities and tasks to team members regarding success and target of project.
Project manager is an integral part of project team who have an entire responsibility to collect,
plan and monitor the project.

For contributing to the success of a project, team and manager both are equally
responsible. In the opinion of Gal, Filip and Dragan, (2018) stated that the member of the
management team has several responsibilities towards its success.
The major responsibility of project management team member is to carry out tasks
assigned by project manager. All members of the project management have responsibility to
carry out all tasks and authorities who are assigned by Project Manager for accomplishing the
tasks in effective manner. Team members needed to communicate to the project manager for the
task progress. If any kind of changes or issues occur in the task of project, then team members
are required to immediately inform it to the project manager.
In the opinion of What is Project management, 2017) in order to accomplish the project
target, all members in the project are equally important and responsible. They have major
responsibility to manage all tasks and responsibilities, which have been assigned to them for
achieving project targets. In addition to this, another responsibility of project team member is to
maintain effective communication and coordination with each other so as they can effectively
understand process and methods and carry out all functions and activities in smooth manner.
In the opinion of Zerjav, Edkins and Davies,(2018) stated that project team member has
one of the major responsibilities to contribute in overall project’s objectives. All team members
must understand the targets of project and make efforts for accomplishing it in smooth and
effective manner. Team members have to work with users to establish and meet business needs.
They have role to work with others and manage all task with efficiency and effectiveness.
In the contradicting view Colomo-Palacios, Fernandes, Soto-Acosta and Larrucea, (2018)
stated that project management team can build with project manager as well as team memebers.
In the absence of project manager, it is impossible to carry out activities and functions of project.

The project manager is one of the most important people in the project management who have
responsibility to design the plan and strategy for entire project and allows all the authorities to
other team members.
In the perspective of Kaiser, El Arbi and Ahlemann, (2015) another significant
responsibility for a project manager is to recruit project staff and analyse their performance. For
achieving targets of project, manager must select and recruit staff members on the basis of their
skills, knowledge, abilities, efficiency, performance etc. In this aspect, project manager has to
analyse and observe the productivity of candidates and select them on the basis of their
efficiency.
In the opinion of Sánchez, (2015), who stated that another responsibility is to determine
the methodologies that is used in the project accomplishment? For achieving the targets of
project, there are various kind of techniques, processes and methods uses so project manager
have great responsibility to select appropriate methodologies and techniques so as target can be
achieving in effective and efficient manner.
Systematic development of project schedule and determination of each phase is another
significant responsibility of a project manager. Project manager must set systematic schedule of
each and every activity and function to accomplish targets within specified time period. With the
help of systematic schedule and time-scale, the manager can easily set targets in the specific time
period and accomplish it.
In the contradicting view Foote and Halawi (2018) stated that another one responsibility
is to provide regular updates to upper management as they acknowledge about relevant
information regarding project.

Culture
In the opinion of Serra and Kunc, (2015) Culture implies social value experience,
feelings, language, interaction criteria, beliefs through which individual participate with each
other. Thus, it can be said that culture is that structure under which data is shared among
individual. Culture always defines the way of interaction and communication of people in the
society. Culture describes as how individual are reflected by their regard, feelings, socialism in
the overall population. In the context of business enterprise, culture is an extraordinarily
important part under which personnel contributes their efforts for achieve business objective.
One may state that culture is a communication, and correspondence is a culture through which
individual get the technique for living in general society.
According to the view of Project management, (2017) culture plays a very crucial role to
achieve determined targets in systematic and effective manner. It is very important to have
effective culture within an organisation as project manager can easily conduct activities and
achieve targets. Culture is the characteristic and knowledge of a particular group of people,
encompassing region, language, skill, art, social value, region etc.
In an organisation, culture always develop by social value, region, norms, beliefs,
languages, ethics, moral, languages etc. Thus it is very important for project manager to design
and develop effective culture where personnel can effectively carry out their working in effective
manner and achieve targets of business. In simpler words, it can be said that culture is the set of
customs, traditions and values of a society and is a set of knowledge that is acquired over time.
In the opinion of Feitosa, Grossman and Salazar, (2018) within any organisation,
management have great responsibility to design healthy and effective culture, so every functional
department can easily carry out their working for achieving business objectives. At workplace