Management Report: Project Manager Skills and 4D Model Analysis

This management report delves into the critical competencies of project managers, emphasizing the importance of decision-making and communication skills for project success. It explores the roles of managers in organizations, highlighting the significance of interpersonal, informational, and decisional roles in effective leadership. The report further examines the 4D model (Direction, Diligence, Development, Delivery) and its application in modern business, emphasizing its role in fostering innovation and sustainability. Real-world examples, such as the challenges faced by TESCO and the strategic implementation of the 4D model by Federal Bank, are used to illustrate the concepts. This report provides a comprehensive overview of project management essentials, offering valuable insights into leadership and organizational development.

Running head: MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author notes

1
MANAGEMENT
Question 1
Competencies of Project Manager and Their role in Project Success
Management and leadership are the core of success for any project operations.
The organisations concentrate to have their best support for managing their project and
making the teamwork effective. The project manager is the person who has the responsibility
of planning, monitoring, executing and other objectives. Besides this, a manager of an
organisation should maintain all side of leadership. To be a good manager of a reputed
organization, he needs to think about the success way of organization. This person has aimed
to take right decision at right time for the growth of organization. Organizational growth is
completely depends on the outcomes of managers. With appropriate work process pf an
manager, an organisation can increase competitive advantages and hold their level in the
global business market. For the development of business, an ideal manager needs some skills
and competence. With this, they can easily take company to the success. According to this
report, the two vital competencies that are needed most are decision making and
communication skills ability. These skills have the capacity to finding out best way for the
execution of any kinds of organisational operations (Huang and Feeney, 2016).
Decision Making
Manager of an organization has responsibility to take right decision at rights time.
This is the role of a manager to act prompt at the time of decision-making. Through decision-
making process, an ideal manager of organization responds to threats, opportunities and all
analysis for achieving organisational objectives. Decision- making process helps to take any
action for further. Problem solving process is another side of decision-making. A manager
should have the ability to make decision by standing on his or her expertise, skills, technical
experiences and knowledge. For making decision, an ideal manger applies numerous

2
MANAGEMENT
strategies for the organisational development. Managers of an organisation are involved with
various techniques for finding out problems, clarifies the goals, values, modelling, structuring
decision, and collecting helpful information. In this decision-making process, managers
contain three kinds of role such as interpersonal, informational and decisional (Huang and
Feeney, 2016).
Interpersonal:
Interpersonal roles stand on the relationship between manager and others of an
organisation. There are also three roles in this category. First one of figurehead where
manager of an organisation acts as figurehead that because of their symbolic positions and
formal authority with purpose for representing his or her organisation. Besides this, manager
acts as a leader where this person have the responsibility to bring needs together for keep
individuals working under his or her commands, defines as second category. The last
interpersonal role of a manager is liaison. In this part, manager of an organisation deals with
the relationship, which is horizontal. Through this, manager reflects their activities studies
that are more important for the development of an organisation (Farahmand, 2016).
Informational:
In the informational role, a manager of an organisation has to collect, transmit and
disseminate information. In this part, there are also three categories such as spoke person,
disseminator, and monitor. A manager has to update about the incidents that are happening in
the organisation by monitoring. After that, he or she has to collect data about those incidents.
After monitoring, a manager enters into transmission role, which is dissemination role. In this
stage, manager passes information of value and factual. Apart from this, manager has to
provide information to outsider with acting the role of spoke person (Zhang and Feeney,
2018).

3
MANAGEMENT
Decisional:
This is defined as most crucial role of a manager. Entire activity of a manager in an
organisation stands with the concern of the process of decision-making. Manager of an
organisation acts as an entrepreneurs, where he or she take decision after having analysis on
the ongoing condition. in this part, manager takes a strong steps for changing according to the
needs in the work place. Acting as voluntary is the main principle of entrepreneurs. Apart
from this, manager has to take strong decision for handling disturbance in the work place
(Rao and Tilt, 2016).
For example, the manager of a reputed retail company TESCO has faced issues with
operation management. This company has faced the problem with the decision making
problems in teams. As a result, this company reduces its activity, which was the main cause
of drowning reputation of this company. For solving these issues, managers of this company
tried to focus to develop the decision-making skills of team members. It is reported that,
employees of this company was facing conflicts with leaders. At that time, active managers
of this company finding out the reason of conflicts and implant employee engagement
strategy. This deliver best result and revive the competencies of this organisation (Silvius et
al., 2017).
Communication Skills
An ideal manager has needed the best communication skills. With this, managers of
an organisation can easily handle entire process of operation. It is notices that a success full
manager of an organisation have following communication skills:
Verbal communication:
This is the skill, where a manager of an organisation can deliver his or her motivation
to others. With verbal communication, a manager is able to reflect his or her personality and

4
MANAGEMENT
dedication towards job. Manager arranges meetings and seminars for passing his or her
thoughts and ideas to others by verbal reflection. Besides this, listening up the problems from
others, an ideal manager can suggest with active verbal communication. With strong verbal
communication in retail companies, managers can easily sort out problems of customers.
They can easily reach to the people’s mind and know about the needs of those people. As a
result, after having strong communication manager able to execute operation for fulfilling
demands of those needed people (Henderson, Stackman and Lindekilde, 2016).
Non-verbal communication:
Without spending any words, manager delivers his or her thoughts through non-verbal
communication. In this communication objects like pen, papers, images and videos are
involved for delivering ideas. In current date, managers are using video presentation, image
and audio clips for providing concern about project (Abu Sultan et al., 2018).
Stress management:
It is noticed that with communication, an ideal manager of an organisation can
manage stress of teams. This communication system allows to know about the issues and
conflicts among teams of an organization. After that, manager tries to motivate employees
through strong motivational speech and manage the stress easily (Haas, Cecala and Hoebbel,
2016).
Straight talking:
It is a personality of a manager to be a straight talker. Through this communication,
the manager of an organisation easily delivers the thoughts and ideas to employees and
workers. On the other hand, at the time of dealing with clients, this type of communication
helps manager to show positive attitudes through straight talking attitudes. These attitudes
also represent the culture of an organisation (Chiu, Balkundi and Weinberg, 2017).

5
MANAGEMENT
For example, Buffer, a social media management company has strong
communication system. The CEO of this company Joel Gascoigne has gained strong
communication skills, by which this person is able to communicate with others for reflecting
their transparencies in business. Customers of this company are satisfied by the services of
this company. On the other hand, CEO of this company allows employees tom pick up
project easily with warm relation with good communication (Mathe, Scott-Halsell and
Roseman, 2016).
Question 2
4D Model and Its Importance in Modern Business
For maintaining sustainability of an organisation 4D model is appropriate. Business
of an organisation can develop by this model. Implementation if innovation is the main
principle of this model. This model contains four significant factors. Those are direction,
diligence, development and delivery (Thompson et al., 2016).
Direction:
This is the first factor that is supervised by the experts of an organisation. In this
section, experts draw a graph of an operation that have to execute for the organisational
development. After that, experts evaluate the reason or purpose of the operation. Numerous
members of team are involved and provided the actual plan by the experts. Those people set
direction and passes to the teams. Leaders of teams are also involved for entire operation
system. They try to get the suggestion for reaching towards goals easily. Employees and team
leaders follows the path that is directed by the experts or managers of organisation. Through
this process, an operation gets the proper direction and ready to be executing by the expert
teams of an organisation. On the other side, involvement of modern technology like video
presentation, video graphics and podcast allows experts to provide plan in an interesting

6
MANAGEMENT
method. Through this, employees are able to get ideas and workprocess easily (Li et al.,
2016).
Diligence:
After getting the directions, leaders of an organisation makes a graph that defines how
to be done the particular operation. For that, leaders star to review the structure of operation.
This allows collecting information about the methods that going to be implanted. After that,
leaders think about the process of system, how it going to be executed. Through this, they
draw a map of executing path. In the next step, leaders find out those people who are able to
do that particular operation. With this, they also find out the needed skills and knowledge.
This is the main part of this process, by which entire operation can be succeeded. In this
stage, it is observed that conflicts may create some issues. lots of question may be appeared.
However, the expertise of manager and leaders of organisation have the capacity to solve
those issues with expert process of thinking and sloving (Blangy and van Gestel, 2017).
Development:
Development is necessary for bringing change in organisation. With innovation,
change comes without any restrictions in business. Therefore, development is only way that
increase the chances of innovative changes. In this case, leaders try to develop the skills and
knowledge of members. Therefore, these experts provide training and coaching system for
the development of performances of employees. Besides this, leaders try to motivate entire
team. For that, they provide some rewards and recognition. With this, employees are
motivated and put their extra effort in their work place. Leaders allow employees to be strong
at the time of decision- making. Through this, each employee can enhance their confidence
level and able to provide best outcomes. Leaders always try to maintain good and warm
relationship for creating positive work environments. Leaders try to provide enough

7
MANAGEMENT
knowledge about modern technology. With this, employees can gain the knowledge about
innovation in working process. Through this, employees feel free and satisfy in their
workplace. This entire segment reflects green light for the development of people and the
organisation too (Leist and Zhou, 2016).
Delivery:
This is the final factor, where entire operation is going to be done and show its
ultimate results. At this part, every activities of each people are clearly reflected with the
progress of business. Each people try to reflect his or her own abilities through this process.
After executing the entire operation, it is the time where the progress of business can be
calculated. The thought of innovation and implement of creativity also reflects its ultimate
outcomes. Experts of organisation try to execute created plan with the best effort. Managers
of organisation try to find out any gaps, which may the reason of spoil of operation. This is
the first responsibility of manager, to find out those factors that can damage the entire
operational plan. At the last, experts are try to present positive results with their positive
working methods (Balakina, Simankina and Lukinov, 2018).
For example, According to Executive Director Ashutosh Khajuria, Federal Bank has
decided to implant a ‘4D’ strategy for the growth of its business for the coming next three
years. The 4D model is becoming a vital and interesting player in the banking space. Through
this strategy, doubling the share of business, focusing on the process digital banking, and
delighting stakeholders that are customers, shareholders and employees may be easy. It is
reported that at the end of June, 2015, deposits that accounted for about 55 % of the total
deposit that is approx 72,140 crore. Almost 40 % of the final advances of 50,335 crore₹ ₹
that were from the southern State. Besides this, the bank who is 84-year-old, had contained
1,247 branches and 1,498 ATMs. It is also reported that almost 48 % of the branches of

8
MANAGEMENT
Federal bank are in Kerala and has 70 % of its branches in the South. After implementation of
this 4D model, it is expected that Federal Bank will able to create strong customer base with
innovative and creative ideas. This will develop the organisational base and allows to achieve
success easily (Boton, 2018).
Importance of 4D model:
4D model facilitates numerous activities to develop the business of an organisation.
For adding more clarity about project operation, five following ways are why organisation
needs to implant this particular model for business growth.
Planning:
This model helps experts to make planning for executing operation. With the help of
modern technology, experts are able to make digital graphs and methods that indicates the
way to executing. Besides this modern technology like videos, images and presentations help
experts to express their plans to entire team members (Blangy and van Gestel, 2017).
All trades at same page:
Experts of an organisation enable to keep entire team updated with this model. For
that experts organise some meetings for the overall discussion. In this segment, experts put
lights on the each movement and the progress of operation. After that, they draw next plan
with members. Stakeholders can take part in this process. They can also exchange their ideas
and though, which may help for the development of organisation (Gledson and Greenwood,
2016).
Monitoring project:
Monitoring entire project may become easier if any organisation implant 4D model
business for business growth. It is possible to keep focusing on the project sites through the

9
MANAGEMENT
techniques of this model. Aprt from this, experts try to keep focusing on the project sites
through animation, video graphics and presentation. This way is the most useful to know
about the condition of ongoing project (Leist and Zhou, 2016).
Prevention for conflict:
For implanting modern techniques in business, it is simple to find out conflicts.
Besides this, modern techniques not allow any one to blame each other’s. As a result, the
working place may more comfortable and positive for working (Bolshakova et al., 2019).
Saving information:
Modern techniques are taken for the development of entire business. Therefore, the
process of securing data or information is vital aspect for maintaining good health of an
organisation. Through 4D model, there is vast possibilities for saving data from the hacker
and other competitors of an organisation. On only this but also organisation can display entire
project through 4D techniques. Through this techniques it is too hard to steal secure data of
organisation (Leist and Zhou, 2016).

10
MANAGEMENT
References:
Abu Sultan, Y.S., Al Shobaki, M.J., Abu-Naser, S.S. and El Talla, S.A., 2018. The
Style of Leadership and Its Role in Determining the Pattern of Administrative
Communication in Universities-Islamic University of Gaza as a Model.
Balakina, A., Simankina, T. and Lukinov, V., 2018. 4D modeling in high-rise
construction. In E3S Web of Conferences (Vol. 33, p. 03044). EDP Sciences.
Blangy, J.P. and van Gestel, J.P., 2017. Introduction to this special section: Business
impact of 4D seismic. The Leading Edge, 36(5), pp.384-385.
Blangy, J.P. and van Gestel, J.P., 2017. Introduction to this special section: Business
impact of 4D seismic. The Leading Edge, 36(5), pp.384-385.
Bolshakova, V., Guerriero, A., Carvalho, H. and Halin, G., 2019. Collective decision-
making with 4D BIM: collaboration group persona study. In Advances in Informatics and
Computing in Civil and Construction Engineering (pp. 455-462). Springer, Cham.
Boton, C., 2018. Supporting constructability analysis meetings with Immersive
Virtual Reality-based collaborative BIM 4D simulation. Automation in Construction, 96,
pp.1-15.
Chiu, C.Y.C., Balkundi, P. and Weinberg, F.J., 2017. When managers become
leaders: The role of manager network centralities, social power, and followers' perception of
leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 28(2), pp.334-348.
Farahmand, N.F.H., 2016. Organizational Labor Augmenting Technical Changes by
Liaison Role of Manager. International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research
(IJEER), 4(4), pp.194-206.

11
MANAGEMENT
Gledson, B. and Greenwood, D., 2016. Surveying the extent and use of 4D BIM in the
UK. Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon), 21, pp.57-71.
Haas, E.J., Cecala, A.B. and Hoebbel, C.L., 2016. Using dust assessment technology
to leverage mine site manager-worker communication and health behavior: a longitudinal
case study. Journal of progressive research in social sciences, 3(1), p.154.
Henderson, L.S., Stackman, R.W. and Lindekilde, R., 2016. The centrality of
communication norm alignment, role clarity, and trust in global project teams. International
Journal of Project Management, 34(8), pp.1717-1730.
Huang, W.L. and Feeney, M.K., 2016. Citizen participation in local government
decision making: The role of manager motivation. Review of Public Personnel
Administration, 36(2), pp.188-209.
Leist, S.K. and Zhou, J., 2016. Current status of 4D printing technology and the
potential of light-reactive smart materials as 4D printable materials. Virtual and Physical
Prototyping, 11(4), pp.249-262.
Leist, S.K. and Zhou, J., 2016. Current status of 4D printing technology and the
potential of light-reactive smart materials as 4D printable materials. Virtual and Physical
Prototyping, 11(4), pp.249-262.
Li, J., Liao, Z., Zhang, C. and Shi, Y., 2016. A 4d-role based access control model for
multitenancy cloud platform. Mathematical Problems in Engineering, 2016.
Mathe, K., Scott-Halsell, S. and Roseman, M., 2016. The role of customer orientation
in the relationship between manager communications and customer satisfaction. Journal of
Hospitality & Tourism Research, 40(2), pp.198-209.