University Project Optimization: A Comprehensive Literature Review

This report presents a comprehensive literature review on project optimization, exploring various methodologies and tools to enhance project operations. It delves into the definition and significance of project optimization, emphasizing its role in improving organizational processes. The review examines several methods, including Business Process Reengineering (BPR), Lean management, Kaizen, and Six Sigma, highlighting their application and impact on project outcomes. Furthermore, the report analyzes the use of tools like mind maps and fishbone diagrams for decision-making. A key component involves cash flow analysis for each method, providing insights into the financial implications of different optimization strategies. The conclusion synthesizes the findings and offers recommendations, such as implementing DMAIC and the 5S principles, to facilitate effective project optimization and achieve successful project completion.

Running head: LITERATURE REVIEW OF PROJECT OPTIMIZATION
Literature Review of Project Optimization
Name of the Student:
Student ID:
Name of the University:
Author’s note:

1LITERATURE REVIEW OF PROJECT OPTIMIZATION
Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................2
2. Literature review of Project Optimization...................................................................................2
2.1 Definition of Project Optimization........................................................................................2
2.2 Methods of Project Optimization...........................................................................................3
2.3 Tools of improvement for Decision Making in Project Optimization...................................5
3. Cash flow analysis for Decision Making Tools...........................................................................6
3.1 Cash Flow Analysis for BPR.................................................................................................6
3.2 Cash Flow Analysis for Lean management...........................................................................7
3.3 Cash Flow Analysis for Kaizen Approach............................................................................8
4. Conclusion and Recommendation...............................................................................................9
4.1 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................9
4.2 Recommendations................................................................................................................10
References......................................................................................................................................11

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1. Introduction
The project optimization is developed for forming the analysis of the improved functions
and its implication for the successful completion of the project (Siu, Lu & AbouRizk, 2015). The
optimization of the project would be formed for developing the inclusion of the steady process of
development. The implication of the process optimization would be done for developing the
improved processes of the organization. The analysis of the project management concepts would
be helpful for developing the analysis of the project optimization and development.
The following assignments have been developed for integrating the analysis of the project
for the development of the effective processing of the information. The analysis of the project
operations would be developed for forming the integration of the existence of the modification
and development schemes. The following literature review would be done for developing the
analysis of the project optimization methods and its critical analysis. The analysis would help in
selecting some modifications of the improved processes.
2. Literature review of Project Optimization
2.1 Definition of Project Optimization
Project optimization is developed for the implementation of the effective processing of
the information (Shamshirband et al., 2014). The optimization of the project would integrate the
development of the effective processing of the organization. The development of the project
optimization would be helpful for the improvement of the project operations. The project
enhancement is produced for framing the investigation of the enhanced capacities and its
suggestion for the effective fulfilment of the task. The advancement of the undertaking would be

3LITERATURE REVIEW OF PROJECT OPTIMIZATION
framed for building up the incorporation of the unfaltering procedure of improvement. The
ramifications of the procedure streamlining would be improved the situation building up the
enhanced procedures of the association. The investigation of the project administration ideas
would be useful for building up the examination of the undertaking improvement and
advancement. Task advancement is produced for the execution of the powerful handling of the
data. The advancement of the undertaking would coordinate the improvement of the viable
preparing of the association (Duzgun & Thiele, 2015). The advancement of the undertaking
streamlining would be useful for the change of the project operations.
2.2 Methods of Project Optimization
Project Optimization can be done by using the methods of BPR or business process
reengineering, Lean management, Kaizen, and Six Sigma (Mavrotas, Figueira & Siskos, 2015).
These methods would be helpful for the development of the improved strategies and its
implication for the processing of the effective processing. The explanation of the methods are
given below,
BPR or Business Process Reengineering: BPR or business process reengineering is a
form of business strategy developed for the integration of the operations by the analysis of the
design of implementation (LUCA, 2014). The design workflow would be implied for the
development of the business operations. The integration of the improvement process for the
development of the effective processing of the organization would result in improving the overall
structure for the development factor. The BPR seeks for helping the companies in the
development of the effective processing and operations. The mix of the change procedure for the
improvement of the successful preparing of the association would bring about enhancing the

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general structure for the advancement factor. The BPR looks for helping the organizations in the
improvement of the powerful handling and operations.
Lean management: Lean management is the concept of development of the practice for
achieving any specific goals by the expense of the resources (Martínez-Jurado, & Moyano-
Fuentes, 2014). The implication of the project management concepts would helpful for bringing
the values to the business operations. The integration of the effective processing would help in
forming the development of the implied processing. The analysis of the project integration would
be helpful for forming the development of the lean design development. The analysis of the lean
management would help in forming the increment of the value of the operations for the project.
The examination of the undertaking mix would be useful for shaping the advancement of the
lean plan improvement. The investigation of the lean administration would help in shaping the
augmentation of the estimation of the operations for the undertaking.
Kaizen Approach: Kaizen is a Japanese word which means to change and it forms the
change management for the implementation of the processes (Kapur et al., 2017). The gradual
increment of the operations would be helpful for forming the development of the opportunities
for the management of the complete integration process. The theory explains the development of
the operations for reducing the issues of the project and capitalizes the opportunities in the
process improvement. The continuous augmentation of the operations would be useful for
framing the advancement of the open doors for the administration of the total combination
process. The hypothesis clarifies the advancement of the operations for decreasing the issues of
the undertaking and underwrites the open doors in the process change.

5LITERATURE REVIEW OF PROJECT OPTIMIZATION
Six-Sigma: The Six-sigma is a statistical method of implying the development of the
effective processing (Pyzdek & Keller, 2014). The analysis of the operations would imply the
development of the operations for forming the modifications of the different roles of the
organization. The manufacturing of the organizations would be implied for developing the
improved processes. The analysis of the project would form the modification of the inconsiderate
development of the operations. The assembling of the associations would be inferred for building
up the enhanced procedures. The investigation of the task would frame the alteration of the
discourteous advancement of the operations.
TQM or Total Quality Management: TQM is the comprehensive and improved
management approach for increasing the efficiency of the operations (Sallis, 2014). The quality
of the products would result in forming the management of the operations for the consideration
of the quality of the operations of the project. The TQM would seek the development of the
effective and improved services in the organization for implementing the project. The nature of
the items would bring about shaping the administration of the operations for the thought of the
nature of the operations of the task. The TQM would look for the advancement of the successful
and enhanced administrations in the association for executing the undertaking.
2.3 Tools of improvement for Decision Making in Project Optimization
Project optimization is developed for the implementation of the effective processing of
the information (Goetsch & Davis, 2014). The project enhancement is produced for framing the
investigation of the enhanced capacities and its suggestion for the effective fulfilment of the task.
The advancement of the undertaking would coordinate the improvement of the viable preparing

6LITERATURE REVIEW OF PROJECT OPTIMIZATION
of the association. Project Optimization can be done in the project by using the mind maps and
fishbone. These methods have been explained below,
Utilization of mind maps: The utilization of the mind maps can be done for developing
a visual aid for the development of the process of the integration of the operations for the project
integration (Somers et al., 2014). The mind map would be helpful for acting as problem solving,
structural framework, and anonymous collaboration. The mind maps would be helpful for the
project draft, working out the project plans, and analysis of the project operations. The analysis
would help in forming the development of the root cause of the problem.
Follow fishbone: The fish bone would be helpful for the development of the final
solution in the implication of the effective processing of the organization. The fishbone diagram
is helpful for the development of the brainstorming sessions and its implication for the
development of the proper development models (Saunders et al., 2014). The fishbone diagram is
helpful for the development of the effective processing of the information and modification.
3. Cash flow analysis for Decision Making Tools
Cash flow analysis is the method of developing a critic of the total cash inflow and
outflow of the activities. The analysis would help in developing the summary of all the cash
value entering and all the cash value exiting the business organization. The analysis for the cash
flow of various methods of Decision Making in Project Optimization have been given below,
3.1 Cash Flow Analysis for BPR
The cash flow analysis for BPR would include the estimation of the cash inflow and
outflow of the activities. The cash flow analysis would be given for the development of the smart

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processes and effective decision making in the project. The following is an example for the cash
flow of BPR showing Inflow, Outflow, Project Life, and NPV, NPV in percentage.
Figure 1: Cash flow for BPR
3.2 Cash Flow Analysis for Lean management
The cash flow analysis for BPR would include the estimation of the cash inflow and
outflow of the activities. The cash flow analysis would be given for the development of the smart
processes and effective decision making in the project. The following is an example for the cash
flow of BPR showing Inflow, Outflow, Project Life, and NPV, NPV in percentage,

8LITERATURE REVIEW OF PROJECT OPTIMIZATION
Figure 2: Cash flow for Lean Management
3.3 Cash Flow Analysis for Kaizen Approach
The cash flow analysis for Kaizen would include the estimation of the cash inflow and
outflow of the activities. The cash flow analysis would be given for the development of the smart
processes and effective decision making in the project. The following is an example for the cash
flow of BPR showing Inflow, Outflow, Project Life, and NPV, NPV in percentage,

9LITERATURE REVIEW OF PROJECT OPTIMIZATION
Figure 3: Cash flow for Kaizen
4. Conclusion and Recommendation
4.1 Conclusion
It can be concluded from the assignment that the theory of project optimization is very
helpful for the development of the project operations. The project optimization had developed for
forming the analysis of the improved functions and its implication for the successful completion
of the project. The development of the project optimization had been helpful for the
improvement of the project operations. The project enhancement was produced for framing the
investigation of the enhanced capacities and its suggestion for the effective fulfilment of the task.
Project Optimization had been formed by using the methods of BPR or business process
reengineering, Lean management, Kaizen, and Six Sigma and the tools required for the Project
Optimization are the mind maps and fishbone.

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4.2 Recommendations
Some recommendations for following the effective project optimization method are given below,
Implementation of DMAIC: the implementation of the DMAIC would be helpful for the
development of the project optimization and development. DMAIC stands for Define, Measure,
Analyse, Improve and Control and it is helpful for the modification of the project operations by
following the cycle. The process involves the analysis of the problems of the project and
development of the effective process for the implementation of the operations.
Principles of 5 S: The principle of 5 S would be helpful for developing effective project
operations by focusing on the work place organization, simplified operations, and safe working
environment. The principles of 5 S are Seiri (Sort), Seiton (Set in Order), Seiso (Shine), Seiketsu
(Standardize), and Shitsuke (Systematize). These elements would be helpful for the development
of the effective processes in the project organization.

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References
Duzgun, R., & Thiele, A. (2015). Robust optimization with multiple ranges: theory and
application to pharmaceutical project selection. In Proceedings of the 14th INFORMS
Computing Society Conference, Richmond (pp. 103-118).
Goetsch, D. L., & Davis, S. B. (2014). Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: pearson.
Kapur, A., Adair, N., O’Brien, M., Naparstek, N., Cangelosi, T., Zuvic, P., ... & Potters, L.
(2017). Improving efficiency and safety in external beam radiation therapy treatment
delivery using a Kaizen approach. Practical Radiation Oncology.
LUCA, M. (2014). Business Process Reengineering. Risk in Contemporary Economy, 233-236.
Martínez-Jurado, P. J., & Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2014). Lean management, supply chain
management and sustainability: a literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 85,
134-150.
Mavrotas, G., Figueira, J. R., & Siskos, E. (2015). Robustness analysis methodology for multi-
objective combinatorial optimization problems and application to project
selection. Omega, 52, 142-155.
Pyzdek, T., & Keller, P. A. (2014). The six sigma handbook (p. 25). New York: McGraw-Hill
Education.
Sallis, E. (2014). Total quality management in education. Routledge.

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Saunders, D., Jones, M., Kaushik, M., & Thomas, W. M. (2014). Fish bone perforation of the
terminal ileum presenting as acute appendicitis. BMJ case reports, 2014, bcr2013009533.
Shamshirband, S., Petković, D., Ćojbašić, Ž., Nikolić, V., Anuar, N. B., Shuib, N. L. M., ... &
Akib, S. (2014). Adaptive neuro-fuzzy optimization of wind farm project net
profit. Energy Conversion and Management, 80, 229-237.
Siu, M. F. F., Lu, M., & AbouRizk, S. (2015). Methodology for crew-job allocation optimization
in project and workface scheduling. In Computing in Civil Engineering 2015 (pp. 652-
659).
Somers, M. J., Passerini, K., Parhankangas, A., & Casal, J. (2014). Using mind maps to study
how business school students and faculty organize and apply general business
knowledge. The International Journal of Management Education, 12(1), 1-13.