This unit portfolio for PPMP20012 delves into the comparison of manual and electronic systems within project, program, and portfolio management (PPPM). It examines the advantages and disadvantages of each system type across various PPPM knowledge areas throughout the project lifecycle. The portfolio highlights the shift from manual to electronic systems, emphasizing the benefits of faster operations, reduced costs, and online data storage offered by electronic systems. It also acknowledges the challenges associated with electronic systems and stresses the importance of ongoing research to mitigate risks and maximize their potential. The portfolio further reflects on the relevance of systems thinking to project management, including the implementation of systems engineering tools and techniques to solve project problems and manage changes effectively, referencing mandatory readings such as SEBoK and AS/NZS 15288:2015. Additionally, the document discusses how PM application systems assist project managers in monitoring performance and managing changes within projects, acknowledging the inherent uncertainty and the need for adaptability in project management.