Project Quality, Risk and Procurement Management Report: SBM1202

This report examines project quality, risk, and procurement management within the context of software development. It identifies existing issues in the field, emphasizing the critical factors influencing software quality, such as management commitment, education, customer focus, quality metrics, and employee responsibility. The report then proposes solutions by applying Total Quality Management (TQM) principles, specifically focusing on Deming's PDCA cycle (Plan, Do, Check, Act) within the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC). It details the TQM activities at each phase. Furthermore, the report analyzes two key project quality management models: the classical model and the administrative model, highlighting their roles in decision-making processes. The paper aims to provide insights into improving software quality and project outcomes.

Running head: PROJECT QUALITY RISK AND PROCUREMENT MANAGEMENT
Project Quality Risk and Procurement Management
Name of Student-
Name of University-
Author’s Note-

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................2
2. Issue existing in field of software development..........................................................................2
2.1 Critical Factors included in Software Quality Management.................................................4
3. Problem Solution by Applying TQM..........................................................................................6
4. Two best models in Project Quality Management.......................................................................7
5. Conclusion...................................................................................................................................9
References......................................................................................................................................11

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1. Introduction
Quality can be defined as continuous method or a process of improvement for all the
services and the products intending for customer satisfaction. The quality of product or the
service that are directly linked with the customer satisfaction (Ross 2017). The quality of that
product or the services are helps to create value to customers and also helps the customer to take
a better decision whether they have paid the right amount of money for the product or the service
they are taking. The companies are to taken commitment that ensures the service as well as the
products are of high quality that are designed for the customer.
The approach included to manage the quality of the product or the service and this
approach is referred to as TQM (Total Quality Management) of the service or the product. The
TQM includes some set of principles that mainly includes the basics that are intended to improve
the organization. The philosophy that comes under TQM are generally applied to all
development process including from developing a product or developing a software (Aquilani et
al. 2017). In case of software development, quality of considered as the main basics of the
researchers and the practitioner involved in developing the software. Enhancing the quality of the
software is the main and the foremost concern for developing the software. There are many
approaches of software development in the process of developing the software and the
approaches are known as SDLC models which includes models like water, agile and many more.
2. Issue existing in field of software development
The quality measurement in an effective way mainly depends on the performance
effectiveness as well as includes the results that are measured for developing a software. For
getting excellence in the field of software development, the developers needs to implement all

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new techniques. TQM introduces the best concept measure the quality of the software.
Appearance of user interface mainly affects the quality of the software and proper functionality,
maintainability, as well as reliability helps in improving the ability, reusability as well as
portability of software that is being developed (Jiménez et al. 2015). For developing the software
many quality management automated tools are used that improves the quality of software that is
being developed. The tool that is being used is CASE system. There is always a need of
improving the quality of the software when some project are running over the budget. There are
many critical factors that are included in the managing the quality of the software and those
metrics are stated in the section 2.1.
Quality of software or the product being developed mainly includes satisfying the need of
the customer. For improving the development process of the software, different stages are to be
followed. TQM is one of the best strategies which many organizations have implemented and
that has improved their customer satisfaction of the company by identifying all the needs of the
customers, gathering the requirements as well as implement fulfilment to the customers. Only
describing the SQA (Software Quality Assurance) included in development process which is not
enough to provide the customer with a quality product as per their need. With the
implementation of TQM for developing the software, the entire organization is to be included in
the system (Psomas and Jaca 2016). The team of software development can provide training
programs to the team members so that they can gain experience as well as knowledge. With the
implementation of TQM, the communication gap that is within in the customers or the users of
the software and the developers are included in the system. The quality of product is important in
completing the software project successfully. This technique provides a structure for enhancing
the quality improvement in the software development.

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Many authors have stated different definition of quality and it can be stated as degree or
the level of excellence. The quality of that product of software is mainly defined or is judged by
customers. Quality includes total features as well as characteristics of that particular product that
can satisfy the need of the customer (Kiran 2016). For the software quality basically three
aspects are to be followed: the functional quality, the process quality as well as the structural
quality. The functional quality includes software performance of the tasks which includes to do
the users correctly. The software testing helps in focusing the functional quality. The software
quality, or the structural quality states the code is structured well for developing the software.
Unlike the functional quality, it is hard to test the structural quality. The process quality is third
aspect which states the quality of development process that helps in affecting the total value that
is received by the customers, the development teams, as well as the sponsors (Obeidat et al.
2016). All the groups involved in software development aims to improve quality of that software.
Software quality is mainly measured by reliability, usability, portability, and reusability. All the
characteristics affects the user satisfaction so that the software quality can be measured.
2.1 Critical Factors included in Software Quality Management
The critical factors included in managing the software quality are explained below:
Management Commitment: This mainly includes the top management commitment of
developing the software quality. Without the quality management, the management commitment
is not possible. The responsibility of the management of software quality is also an important
requirement (Psomas and Antony 2017). There are many special programs including Excellence
Council, or Quality Week that can help the managers of a company who can commit the quality
of the product. There is a need of commitment management that comes in term of resource

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allocation, providing necessary leadership, as well as staffing that ensures the quality culture of
the product.
Education and Training: This mainly includes the training as well as education related to
quality for the management as well as IS personnel (Khanam, Siddiqui and Talib 2016). TQM
also includes education as well as training. There is a need to provide education as well as
training to the IS staff. To increase the employees’ knowledge, it is important to provide them
with quality education, quality publications, as well as leadership workshops.
Focusing on Customer: Focusing on customers mainly refers to the practice that mainly
focuses on the customer who are associated with the software development. There is a need of
achieving the customer satisfaction by implementing the need as well as want of the customer,
gather the requirement of the customer, as well as measure the satisfaction of the customer (Jaca
and Psomas 2015). The satisfaction of the customer includes improving the quality of the
product and includes ISO as well as TQM emphasizing the focus on the customer. Techniques
like quality function are required for developing the software.
Quality Metrics: This metrics includes different attributes that includes different
attributes that helps in determining the measure of the development of the quality of the software
(Al-Dhaafri, Swidi and Yusoff 2016). There are three quality metrics that are to be followed that
is product metrics, process metrics, as well as project metrics. Software metrics includes
managing ability to take informed decisions.
Employee Responsibility: The philosophy of TQM requires empowerment of employee
and include commitment and involvement of total employee. Employment empowerment mainly
helps to define the sharing of power as well as increasing the autonomy in any organization. For

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the purpose of determining quality management, TQM factors such as statistical testing or
employee commitment is very much important.
3. Problem Solution by Applying TQM
For proper system integration, TQM software requires many quality control measures
that helps in completing the development successfully. SDLC method is used for system or
software development and the problem solution for applying TQM is implementing Deming
management in the system (Fening, Amaria and Frempong 2016). The Deming management
includes idea of PDCA which stated Plan, Do, Check, and Act accordingly. By applying the
TQM in software development, there are many processes that includes software quality control,
as well as include productivity of the system. A proper tool is to be selected that helps to
strengthen the policy of software quality, and increases the awareness, provides feedback, and
includes quality awareness and quality prevention.
With the Deming management of software development, six processes are included in the
system planning. The processes that are included includes the definition of the process, analysing
the specification, reviewing the system development and includes the estimation of the system
development and reviewing the system development. This process mainly helps to discover as
well as evaluate the process of system development (Noe et al. 2017). This process helps to
translate the requirements by representing it in to software. The programming languages as well
as coding helps in translating the detailed representation of the design in programming language.
The TQM activities for developing a software are stated below:
Planning: The planning includes software planning that include to identify the problems,
includes feasibility study, and defines the software project. The main objective of planning phase

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is to define the phases, specify the analysis, as well as estimate the project planning. In the Do
phase, there is analysis of software requirement, process including software design, and includes
coding and programming languages (Bolatan et al. 2016). This phase includes total information
flow, the information structure, the specification of the software requirements, designing process,
transforming analysis, project transaction analysis, as well as design of data structure. Program
coding as well as unit testing also comes under Do phase of Deming management. The objective
of the Do phase is analysing the requirement that processes the discovery as well as evaluate the
requirement process. The next phase of the management method is the check phase. This phase
includes software testing. This phase includes valid testing as well as validation testing (Fu et al.
2015). The main objective of the Check phase is to design the tests that helps to uncover all the
classes of error in software testing. The action plan that is included in the Deming management
includes software maintenance that includes preventive maintenance, adaptive maintenance, and
corrective maintenance. The objective of this phase is expanding all the variable included in the
resource which helps in maintaining the old system.
There are many tools that can be used for the process of software development includes
brainstorming Tool, CSF, BSP, CSF, CASE tool, Static testing, dynamic testing as well as
feedback process used for managing the software development.
4. Two best models in Project Quality Management
The decision making process that are included in project quality management includes
processes that helps to evaluate the situation or the problems including the making choices and
all such necessary actions required in the process development (Mosadeghrad 2015). The process
of decision making is to be done in a planned way and there are three basic models that helps in

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making decision for developing quality project. The models are: classical model, the
administrative model, as well as retrospective model. The best two models described in next
section are classical model, and the administrative model.
Classical model: This model is the basic model and this is the first attempt for applying
decision making in the development process. This approach is considered as a traditional or a
classable method included in process of decision making. There are various steps that are used in
the classical model of decision making process (Dale and Plunkett 2017). This model helps to
clear the problems in the business process, makes the objectives clear, agreeing on the weights as
well as the criteria provided, state all alternatives, anticipate the consequences, and making
rational decision. The decisions that are not biased to recognize the problem, the decisions are
capable to process all the information that are relevant, all the consequences related to decision
making are included, and all alternatives are ready that helps to maximize the expected result.
Administrative Model or Bounded Rationality: Achieving the goal is the main aim of the
administrative model and the rationality included in the model demands in making the decision
related to the project (Rezaei 2016). This model also has the information as well as the ability
that helps to analyse different alternative courses that are in action of the light goals. The best
alternative solution is to be selected for making the decision for a particular project. The term
rational in the model can be defined as objectives as well as the intelligent actions that are
included in decision making.
This model is particularly dependent on the theory of Herbert Simon. This model does
not includes rationality that is involved in decision making (Sharpe et al. 2019). This model
includes three different concepts. One is the sequential attention to provide alternative solution.
In concept states that the people helps in examining the only one possible solution in place of

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finding all many alternative solution and this concept stops searching only when it is acceptable.
The second concept is heuristics that states that there are assumptions that searches the
alternative in different area which have very high possibility included in yielding the success of
the project (Pasian 2016). The third concept is satisficing which states to pick a particular course
that is good enough or satisfactory that comes under the circumstances. The main tendency of the
decision makers helps to accept alternatives that helps in meeting the minimum possible
requirement that are acceptable ad push them for producing the best results.
This model is mainly preferred to make decisions for some small significance when
completing the project time is considered to be the main constraint and all alternatives are almost
similar (Nawaz et al. 2019). This models indicates how to make the decision in completing a
project successfully and states how the decision are being made in the project.
5. Conclusion
The TQM is applied in developing the process as well as improving the quality of the
process. When TQM is implemented, the methods as well as concepts are to be followed in the
system or the process which has included the principles of TQM. There are many tools as well as
quality measures included in for implementing TQM and thus improve the process of developing
the software. TQM can be stated as philosophy as well as includes business approaches that are
mainly required in all the business sectors. The workplace that has TQM results in high
performance and reduces the waste in the organization. There are many companies includes
manufacturers in regulated environments that use the software of TQM and this software helps to
increase the product qulaity or the service that is given by the organization. The software of

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TQM mainly exits in market that includes principles of quality management that is associated
with the project.
In the SDLC approach, TQM be basically applied that helps in increasing the quality and
measure the quality of the product as well as service. This project report details the concept of
TQM for developing a software and the highlights the issues as well as the solution that helps in
improving the quality of the software that is developed. All the quality management issues that
are included in developing the software. The problems that exist while developing the software
are properly analysed and proper solution is to be provided for solving those issues. This report
also suggests two best methods that can be used for maintaining the quality of the project which
helps to take better managerial decisions.

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