Effective Project Risk and Stakeholder Management Strategies

Managing project risks and stakeholders is crucial for the successful completion of any project. This essay explores the importance of early identification and assessment of potential risks using tools such as risk matrices and SWOT analysis. It discusses strategies to mitigate these risks, including contingency planning and adaptive management. The role of stakeholder engagement is emphasized, highlighting techniques for effective communication and relationship building. Tools like stakeholder mapping and regular updates ensure that stakeholders are well-informed and supportive throughout the project lifecycle. By integrating both risk management and stakeholder engagement practices, projects can achieve higher success rates with reduced uncertainties.

Manage Project Time

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT........................................................................................................1
ACTIVITY 1....................................................................................................................................1
Q1.Definition of ADP............................................................................................................1
Q2. Four components which are related with WBS...............................................................2
Q3.Difference among an activity and WBS...........................................................................3
Q.4 Three sequences and state in a activity............................................................................4
Q.5 Process of activity sequencing procedures......................................................................5
Q6.Different consideration which are estimated in duration and effort sequences................5
Q7: Four approaches to precedence diagram.........................................................................6
Q8: Eight tools and techniques that are used in project schedule..........................................6
Q9: Meaning of AREP...........................................................................................................7
Q10; Lists of event which have made impact of project scheduling......................................7
Q11: Schedule baseline..........................................................................................................8
Q12. List of activities required for moving house..................................................................8
Q13: Create a project schedule for moving house..................................................................9
ACTIVITY 2..................................................................................................................................10
Q1: Process of schedule development..................................................................................10
Q2: Tools and techniques used for schedule development .................................................11
Q3: Time constraints on project schedule............................................................................11
Q4: Critical path...................................................................................................................11
Q5: Project baseline..............................................................................................................12
Q6; Schedule compression...................................................................................................12
Q7: Create a baseline report.................................................................................................12
Q8: Create a baseline variance report...................................................................................13
Q9: Impact of the changes which are made in a schedule....................................................14
Q10: List five changes that are having huge impact on project time management..............15
Q11: Create a report with the use of critical path.................................................................15
Q12: Impact of approved changes on project time management.........................................18

ACTIVITY 3..................................................................................................................................18
Q1.List of schedule review...................................................................................................18
Q2: Schedule control process...............................................................................................18
Q3: Entailed in performance reviews...................................................................................19
Q4:Five documents which are required in review of time management..............................19
Q5: Three reports which are required for moving house project.........................................20
Q6: Results of change to schedule made prior.....................................................................22
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1..................................................................................................22
Q1: Two techniques used by project managers to determine task duration and effort........22
Q2: Procedure to identify critical path.................................................................................22
Q3: Process of managing project baseline...........................................................................23
Q4: Stages of life cycle.........................................................................................................23
Q5: Decomposition of time management.............................................................................23
Q6: Project management techniques in creating schedule...................................................24
Q7: WBS and it relation in to project schedule....................................................................24
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 2..................................................................................................24
OBSERVATION REPORT...........................................................................................................27
Determine project schedule..................................................................................................27
Implement project schedule..................................................................................................33
Assess time management outcomes.....................................................................................35
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................36
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................37

INTRODUCTION
Time management of project is a crucial aspects for an organisation by which they can
identify the total time required to complete a project. It also consists of various information such
time spent by individual or group on a project. In order to record total time spent by people, the
team implement a manage project time procedure (Alhawari and et. al., 2012). With the use of
time sheet all project time information are summarised and recorded according to the activities
performed during the year. It is considered as, that process of strategies and workout intended
control over the total time spent on particular activities. All these are done in order to enhance
effectiveness or productivity of an organisation. As, it can also be define as a non- repetitive
activity which are having various characteristics. The prime objectives of conducting a well
organised plan in accordance to determine the total time because to attain set goals. It will be
more effective to identify different ways of using resources and make proper utilisation of those
in a project.
However, its usefulness is to generate on time results with the use of right budget and
high quality initiatives that compete or meet our customer expectation. This project consists of
various parts which is based on various activities that explains different situations of a project. It
consists of schedule development process, tools and techniques which are used in development
process. Effect of time of a project is represented through using critical path. Impacts of various
changes which are related with the schedule are discussed under this project report.
The understanding of scheduled control process in context to managing project time. It
contains different documents which are required to assess project at the time review. Drawing
tools within a computer program are taken into consideration that explains crucial aspects of
projects. Different techniques used by project managers in the context of identifying duration of
task in a specific project (Bakker and et. al., 2011). Overall, this project assessment provides
complete overviews of time management which is required during a project planning.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
ACTIVITY 1.
Q1.Definition of ADP
Activity definition process is use to identifying the particular action that is going to be
performed. The prime goal of the ADP is to ensure that project member should have complete
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knowledge of all the tasks that are related with project scope so that proper list of work can be
made. Like for example, in a project planning without of proper schedule of work design that
summarises of various information such as total estimation of time required by a project to
complete or what kind of resources a company is needed to formulate a report.
Q2. Four components which are related with WBS
Work breakdown structure is separation of various activities into small parts so that work
would complete in more effective and quick way (Bell, 2014). In a WBS different elements can
be product, data and a services or combination of both. It is provided valuable information
regarding cost estimation. In a project it has been found that in WBS, work package is lower
most level. It is achieved only when the cost is properly determine by taking cost and time at the
same point. It can be handled by appointing one individual who is known as work package
owner who is responsible for managing entire project. Components of WBS are nothing but a
collection of those activities that are associated with specific part of a project which is taken
during the process.
The four components which are used in WBS are explained underneath:
a) WBS task dictionary: It is considered as those task documents, which explains the
concepts for every component available in a work breakdown structure. According to dictionary,
it determines various tasks, it’s essential needs and time of completion and all other aspects
associated with a project. The primary objective of this dictionary is to provide well organised
structure information regarding each and every element which is used in a WBS. It is mainly
consists of work package and different control accounts related information. It plays an
important role in guiding concern person about the project which is implemented by an
organisation.
b) Multi-level task granulation: The information regarding a project is working as a
well identify different types of tasks which are categorised according to WBS. Under this, one
project is divided into various tasks and sub tasks so that more accurate and reliable results can
be achieved. It is said to be multi-level because at one time more than one activity can be
performed by an organisation. All the resources are used in such a ways that necessary outcome
can be attain from each units which is divided according to WBS. Necessary inputs are
implemented in the tasks by which a project manager can achieve better results.
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c) Top level deliverable design: It has been found that WBS is providing a common
framework from a particular project (Caputo and et. al., 2013). It is for practical development of
a planning and controlling of a contract. It is used to divide work into definable increments
among which a total structure of work can be identified. It is summarised with certain aspects
such as cost, labour used in it and schedule of work. The structure is of top level so that work
cannot get disturbed and resources can be utilised in more effective manners. The work under
WBS is organised as primary product rather than of work required to produce the products.
d) Descriptor of task and activities: According to this component, all the information
regarding different tasks and activities are recorded into a set pattern. It will help to identify
which task is taking how much time to complete and use of total resources. Project managers can
determine necessary adjustment according to those tasks which are lacking behind and not able
to work according to the set plan. The overall description of entire work is summarising with
relation to its cost and time requires in completing them. On the basis of collected information,
necessary changes are made by using corrective methods and tools.
Q3.Difference among an activity and WBS
Activity list Work breakdown structure
It is an essential aspect of an itemized
certification of different kind of schedule
activities which are considered as a part of a
specific project.
Splitting of activities into various segments are
so that accurate results of outcomes can be
achieved.
It consists of various name of activity with its
description.
WBS is structured base on various Tasks and
sub-projects description.
The lists of various activities can be modified
as per the requirement of project demand.
It is set pattern which summarises of various
tasks allotted to a each employees to get most
benefits out of it.
Activities list is said to be a list of what kind of
work operation a company is going to do.
WBS is a summary of what company is going
to make.
Most of the details are set prior staring of a WBS is also made before a project plan but
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project. they need to be follow according to durability
of units.
Q.4 Three sequences and state in a activity
Activity sequencing is the procedures for identifying and preparing necessary
documentation regarding dependencies between programme activities (Crawford, 2014). There is
a situation which is related with a external dependency that are originated from external sources
of the projects. They are interpreted into consideration while developing various activities into a
set format. The term activity sequencing is considered as those aspects of a project management
which is having dual impact. In the beginning of a project plan these activity sequencing consists
of various process of ideas that are ordered in a serial of activities. It is used to review all the
activities in the work breakdown structure with definite objectives of determining a perfect
relationship among them. It also classifies timing that an activity is taking in that context. Timing
of tasks are more important because the sequence of activities are controlled and start-to-finish
timing can be determined. In some situation they are logical as well as mandatory. Like for an
example, during a project that consists of design and development of a custom web based
application system. Under this, it is essential to accomplish user requirements that are related to a
particular task before starting that application system in actions. The lists of sequencing that are
related with the activities are:
a) Impact of start-to-finish times and dates relationship: According to this
sequencing, one activity must complete before another activity begun. Other aspects state that
one activity cannot start until activities get completed. When a new task is added to a schedule it
directly related to a schedule to start on a particular project's with a start data. As tasks are
related with a scheduled and connected to each other tasks. The timing of starts tasks can be
changes according to the requirement of a project. The tasks dependencies can indicate relation
among time of a one single task in relation to other. Connections of two tasks are considered as
dependencies.
b) Logical, preferred or required order of task: In order to manage project in
accordance to minimise the cost. Some of the logical steps need to be taken in considered as per
the sequences decided by the mangers (Dille and Söderlund, 2011). It is very difficult task but
more effective results can only be possible through using right techniques in a project. The
dependencies are categories into three segments such as mandatory which is determine by nature
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of a project demand. Second is discretionary dependency, it is used to managers according to the
tasks schedule. Last is external dependency which is based on external factors those are affecting
the project.
c) Milestones of delivery: It is said to be that tools which is used in a project time
management to mark a particular project stages along with a time deadline. It represents start-to-
finish date or a project. It is considered as those stages which are achieved with a project
completed or reached at its final stages. Some of the major aspects are based on short or long
term aims and objectives of a company in attaining the goals and removing various challenges
that are associated in a project planning. A perfect plan for a project can provided more accurate
results which is considered as milestones for a project managers.
Q.5 Process of activity sequencing procedures
It is considers as process of designing a network diagram and using activity lists form
that of activity stages (Heagney, 2016). A network diagram is a numerical display that explains
different activities in a project planning as well as its sequential coordination. If we, determine a
proper sequence of activity, it is necessary to have few position for activities that can be utilise
parallel to fixed scheduled. It is done in order to achieve faster completion of projects. After
determining necessary schedule for an activity, it is important to arrange them in a proper logical
orders and identify whether any dependencies exists in those activities.
The logical relationships must be arranged in order to enhance the alteration of a realistic,
gettable project schedule in a later procedures. In the process of activity sequencing, it is
important to utilise a host to inputs and tools or techniques in order to generate valuable outputs.
It is related with scope of statements, lists of activities, attitudes, milestones and various changes.
In case of successor or predecessor, each activity and milestones are joined together expect the
first and last activity in an projects. It is important that can be used in relation with the lead and
lag time among various activities that supports a real and marketable project schedule.
Q6.Different consideration which are estimated in duration and effort sequences
A project is known as series of unique, complex condition. Estimating different activity
duration is all about generating out essential efforts needed in order to complete each activity.
The total amounts of resources which are required for conducting a well planned activity are
determined in a specific project. It will help to identify the total time required to finish a project.
In the success of a project the last one thing required is the level of skills and knowledge for each
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activity. If it is handled by a low skilled people the chances of productivity can be reduced. So
they need to use a systematic hierarchical sequencing so that best possible outcomes can be
achieved.
Q7: Four approaches to precedence diagram
In a project, PDM is considered as visual representation methods use to arrange the
activities (Highsmith, 2013). The other name of this activity is known as project network
diagram. It is used to put all the activity in a set of boxes which is known as nodes and each of
them are connected by using arrows. The dependencies of work are represented by those arrows
which represent relationships among activities. Following are the four approaches which are
used to determine position of activities:
 Finish-to-start: According to this approach, the relationship which is related with project
A has to complete before project B has to start. It is considered as one of the common
relationship among two set of activities. The induction of the peer activities are relies on
the finishing of the predecessor activity.
 Finish- to- Finish: Under this situation, the activity is representing a definite relationship
among the finish dates of activities.
 Start-to-finish: Under this dependency, it represents a definite relationship among start
of a project and end date of a successor activity. It is more often used.
 Start-to-start: In this situation, there is a characterized relationship among the start of
any new activity.
Q8: Eight tools and techniques that are used in project schedule
In analysing project scheduling managers need to use various tools and techniques. These
tools are used to identify, monitor and evaluate projects in effective manner. Some of them are:
 Gantt chart: It is considers as a horizontal bar chart represented over time which
consists of days, weeks and months. Based on tasks dependencies, these bars can be
sequencing. Each bar represents start at the earliest time of a project.
 ADM: It is also called as activity on arrow method (Time Management Techniques, free
tools and templates. 2017). This method is used as network diagram methods under
which activities are shown through arrows.
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 Critical path method: It is known as combination of various activities which is used in a
project. Arrow lines under this are represented by start of finish time. It is calculated by
adding the total time taken by each activity in projects.
 PERT: It stands for program evaluation and review techniques. It is more different from
CPM. They are based on uncertainty (Jerbrant and Karrbom Gustavsson, 2013). Under
this three possible estimation are determined such as shortest time, longest time and most
likely time.
 Graphical path method: It is considered as mathematically based formula which is used
in a project time management in order to plan, schedule and control various resources
used in a project.
 GERT: Graphical evaluation and review techniques are most commonly used in order to
analyse techniques which are determine in a project management that represent
probabilistic treatment.
 Linear scheduling method: It is refers as graphical scheduling techniques which
focusing on regular utilisation of resources in a activity.
 Simulation techniques: It is a kind of model which is presented the highlight of a
project. It consists of various characteristics, attitudes and operation or function of chosen
system for a particular project.
Q9: Meaning of AREP
It is known as activity resources estimating process. Under this, project management
team compiles lists of all resources that will be required in operating a project. Some inputs
which are required are: lists, attributes, organisational process assets, environmental factors and
PMP and availability of resources.
Q10; Lists of event which have made impact of project scheduling
This record analyse various impacts which are observed in a project scheduling. All those
events are needed to be analysing so that more accurate results can be drawn. Some of the
necessary lists which are making critical impacts are:
Delays: It is most common impact which is associated with any of the project. It prevents
the managers from completing the work within the allotted time (Kendrick, 2015). It will create
loss of time and money. Delay can be occurs because of many ways. Due to extended
performance period, decrease in labour capacity can also be lead to be delayed in a project.
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Disruption: It is said to be that situation in which an impact which alters the managers
planned work order. It will increase cost and time of a project. As opposing to delays, because of
disruption a damage which is likely to be maximise labour costs because of inefficiency and
increase manpower.
Changes: Another necessary important impact which are affecting project management
are changes. Before, estimating the impact of changes on the schedule, the changes can be
identified so that chances of mistakes can be minimised and more accurate results from available
activity are determine.
Q11: Schedule baseline
In a well organise project plan, there are various baseline which is used to analyse the
performance of the project (Kerzner, 2013). It is consists of cost baseline, scope and schedule
baseline. The combination of this entire baseline is considered as measurement of performance
baseline. It is based on a fixed schedule which represent standard of a project. Before, starting of
the project the stakeholders of a company can approve project schedule after analysing its
benefits. It can be only be modify through formal alternation system. The manager who is
working on a project uses this baseline in order to determine progress and performance. A proper
base for a project is fixed so that all the operations can perform according to it.
Q12. List of activities required for moving house
In accordance to the planning of various activities for moving house the managers need to plan
according to the set activities (How To Create a Baseline. 2016). This procedures starts with
WBS and determine as which activities are required to complete products deliverables. What are
the activities which are required by managers for moving house in order to create work
breakdown structures. Those are:
Activities inputs
S. No Activities inputs Output
1 Planning
1.1 Identification of Location
1.2 Search for house (Local. National or international)
1.3 Inform your family member regarding moving house
Start plan
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2 Requirement
2.1 Economical price for house
2.2 Transportation need
2.3 Deciding plan to hire a mover or move with yourself
2.4 Set up of moving budget
Middle plan
3 Functional requirement
3.1 Selecting perfect moving company
3.2 Get right size of rental truck for moving your goods
3.3 Start packing up your home
4 Design and Construct
4.1 Shifting planning
4.2 Packing your full house room by room
4.3 To collect posters and frames for new home
5 Deploy
5.1 To settle family into new house
Finish
Q13: Create a project schedule for moving house
It is necessary to have a project schedule whether for moving house or any other items. It
should be in proper sequences so that more chances of better results can be attained (Larson and
Gray, 2013). In this procedures project management tools are more effective as in order to make
project more achieve its targets. Here, is the project schedule for moving house:
Weak (1-2) Project schedule
Before move Create folder for moving receipts
Plan your moving techniques (Hiring trucks, movers)
Observe an employees will provide moving expenses benefits
Schedule of disconnection/connection at old and new place.
a. Phone b. Internet c. Cable d. water e. Electric
Plan to arrange furniture in the new house
Schedule transfer of records(Children schools )
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Acquiring parking material
Week (3-4) Before move
Finalise moving techniques and make appropriate changes
Begin packing non required items
Label boxes by room name and its content
Differentiate valuable products
Create inventory lists of goods and make separate box with serial number.
Fill out changes in home address from online or post office
Provide current contact with new address such as
a. To employers b. Family friends and other
1-2 Weeks Before move
Continue rest of the packing and clean as you go.
Pack those items which are more essential at the new place
Search for new thinks which are necessary for the children
Search someone who is responsible for watching children on regular days.
ACTIVITY 2
Q1: Process of schedule development
It is used to determine and organise various projects in the activities into a normal pattern
in order to create appropriate plan (Liu, Zou and Gong, 2013). Process is:
1. Set up a development team
2. Design the program
 Determining level of detailed needed in a project
 Identify output needed which is based on code and WBS structured
 Establishment of work scope
3. Develop the schedule
 Determine duration of start and finish time.
 Assessment of logic as input from sub units / sections
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 Put inputs by using computer
 Analyse and adjust program lists
4. Finalise the program
 Checklist and verification of a results
 Approval of project plan
 Estimate cost and resources which are used in a project plan.
Q2: Tools and techniques used for schedule development
In any project schedule various aspects are need to be considered to make the project
more effective. Some of the tools which are applied in that process are:
 Schedule network analysis: It is a graphical content of a schedule that is showing
sequencing of activities.
 Critical path method: It is considered as one by one project management tools for
planning process.
 Schedule comparison: It is used to compare two values of a given data in a specific
project.
 Project management software: It is used to manage different activities of project.
Q3: Time constraints on project schedule
It is associated with the limitation on the start-to-finish of each activity in a particular
critical path (Lundin and et. al., 2015). It summarised as sequences of activities that cannot be
separate or delayed without disturbing the whole projects. If a manager exercise the critical path
methods to study the programming dependencies in order to find out the earliest possible finish
date and activity that must be finished in order to reached to that of deadline. A project is
considered as a network of activities which are used to create or change products and services.
Projects are of short duration, it last from a few weeks time to different years. Delays in a critical
process in a time constraints are unacceptable as they can affect the timely completion of
projects. In order to prevent delays in a project allocation of more additional human resources.
An extra cost on a project can lead to create more burdens on other projects.
Q4: Critical path
It is said to be the longest duration of time which is required to complete a project. It
consists of sequences of activities used to determine the minimum time requires by an operation
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by the managers. It is used to finish the task on time by using right techniques over key activities.
By using the best suitable path to complete the task will be helpful for the management to attain
more accurate results. It determines the longest time in a activities and total time required to
finish is identified through using this method.
Q5: Project baseline
It is considered as a techniques use to analyse network performance. It is determined by
comparing current time performance with historical metric (Zhang, 2013). It is mainly more
effective tool for managing a project plan as it help to determine total deviated in a project. It is
consists of project scope, cost and schedule baseline in a particular projects.
Q6; Schedule compression
In an ongoing project activity this techniques is used. Its main objectives are to minimise
the running projects (Marques, Gourc and Lauras, 2011). It is used to create more opportunities,
update delivery date and programme the delay operations. All the adjustments are made without
altering in scope of a project. There are mainly two techniques which can be used by project
managers in schedule comparison. Those are fast tracking and crashing of time.
Crashing: It is used to decrease the total time required by an activity in completing a
project. In order to make it more useful the activity can explored more advantages to the
managers.
Fast tracking: It is considered as that process of executing human action or stages that
were generally listed in a sequence. This impact of this techniques is increase more risk to the
schedule and must be improvise with proper safety.
On the basis of their time as which project is taking more or less time this techniques is
implemented by the managers. It more effective tool that provide more accurate results with less
costs. Crashing is most related with the cost that are incur over a project development while, fast
tracking is used to determine the risk factors which are involve in each activity.
Q7: Create a baseline report
It is a line which represent the measurement or for construction purpose. It is considered
as process of managing changes. Under this the starting points for delimiting a project are
determined under this report from the collection of various activities.
Baseline Report
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Project activities Baseline Start Baseline Finish Baseline status
Identification of Location 1/11/17 1/11/17 Will complete by pref date
Search for house (Local.
National or international)
2/11/17 9/11/17 Will complete by pref date
Inform your family member
regarding moving house
10/11/17 16/11/17 Will complete by pref date
Economical price for house 17/11/17 Will not complete on time
Transportation need 29/11/17 11/12/17 Will complete by pref date
Deciding plan to hire a
mover or move with yourself
12/12/17 28/12/17 Will complete by pref date
Set up of moving budget 29/12/17 22/1/18 Will complete by pref date
Selecting perfect moving
company
23/1/18 Will not complete
Get right size of rental lorry
for moving your goods
26/1/18 1/1/18 Will complete by pref date
Start packing up your home 2/2/18 9/2/18 Will complete by pref date
Shifting planning 12/2/18 Will not complete
Packing your full house
room by room
16/2/18 23/2/18 Will complete by pref date
To collect posters and
frames for new home
26/2/18 28/2/18 Will complete by pref date
To settle family into new
house
1/3/18 Will not complete
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Q8: Create a baseline variance report
It is used to compare the performance of the activities which are used in a project against
the baseline. The collected variances from the projects are compared with actual or projected
data. A proper budget level projection are categorised under this report.
Baseline Variance Report
Project activities Baseline Start Baseline Finish Baseline status or
variance
Identification of Location 1/11/17 1/11/17 Completed on time
Search for house (Local.
National or international)
2/11/17 8/11/17 Completed on prior date
Inform your family member
regarding moving house
10/11/17 16/11/17 Completed on time
Economical price for house 17/11/17 20/11/17 Delayed with two days
Transportation need 29/11/17 11/12/17 Completed on time
Deciding plan to hire a mover or
move with yourself
12/12/17 28/12/17 Completed on time
Set up of moving budget 27/12/17 22/1/18 Started on prior date
Selecting perfect moving
company
23/1/18 25/1/18 Completed on time
Get right size of rental lorry for
moving your goods
26/1/18 30/1/18 Completed on prior date
Start packing up your home 2/2/18 9/2/18 Completed on time
Shifting planning 12/2/18
Packing your full house room by
room
16/2/18 23/2/18 Completed on time
To collect posters and frames 24/2/18 28/2/18 Started on prior data
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for new home
To settle family into new house 1/3/18 4/2/18 Delayed with one day
Q9: Impact of the changes which are made in a schedule
A change is considered as multiple constraints of a task that has an impact on another two
projects (Yang, Zhang and Yao, 2012). The major aspects for managers are to find balance
among the requirement of the manager who are managing a project cost and schedule.
Impact of analysis for changes:
It has been seen that there is both positive and negative impact on the projects. The
concern manager needs to analyse whether it is inside or outside the scope of the real project
requirements. It also looks after how they are making more impact on the three constraints of a
project which are based on cost, scope and schedule (Meredith and Mantel Jr, 2011). It
represents various essential aspects that are needed to be observed the effect of changes which
are changes in a project. With the use of proper impact analysis process the manage would be
needed to analysis current risk in a project. It also determines the basic changes which are going
to modify the present risks. Each and every organisation has its own ability to manage their
operation and most of situations well planned structured processes are available.
Q10: List five changes that are having huge impact on project time management
There are various things which are making more impact on the project management.
These impacts are making affecting the productive and performance of a project. Some of them
are:
 Stakeholder’s changes their mind set: The major impact is observed at any point of
time in a project. There are various ways by which project can be altered. It is because of
employees, customers and other concern parties.
 Regulatory changes: With the use of new policies and regulation those are made by the
government can also be made huge impact on performance of the project. Due to
regulatory changes there is huge chance of project failure so that chance of shutting is
more.
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 Poorly identify requirement: All those lists which are prepared regarding project
development are need to be of appropriate so that work should be of done according to
the plan.
 Business strategies change: An ineffective business plan can increase the burden on the
managers to achieve their business objectives (Turner, 2016). The impact on project
vision and mission can lead to failure of project.
 Not sufficient resources: The basic necessity of a project such as money, material and
manpower are needed to be of superior quality. The impact can also be seen because of
less utilisation of resources on the project.
Q11: Create a report with the use of critical path
Task name Duration Start Finish Predecessors
1. Identification of
Location 1 day Wed 11/1/17 Wed 11/1/17
2. Search for house
(Local. National or
international)
6 days Thu 11/2/17 Thu 11/9/17 1
3. Inform your family
member regarding
moving house
5 days Fri 11/10/17 Thu 11/16/17 2
4. Economical price for
house 8 days Fri 11/17/17 Tue 11/28/17 2,3
5. Transportation need 9 days Wed 11/29/17 Mon 12/11/17 4
6. Deciding plan to hire
a mover or move with
yourself
13 days Tue 12/12/17 Thu 12/28/17 5
7. Set up of moving
budget 17 days Fri 12/29/17 Mon 1/22/18 5,6
8. Selecting perfect
moving company 3 days Tue 1/23/18 Thu 1/25/18 7
16

9. Get right size of
rental lorry for
moving your goods
5 days Fri 1/26/18 Thu 2/1/18 8
10. Start packing up your
home 6 days Fri 2/2/18 Fri 2/9/18 9
11. Shifting planning 4 days Mon 2/12/18 Thu 2/15/18 8,10
12. Packing your full
house room by room 6 days Fri 2/16/18 Fri 2/23/18 11
13. To collect posters and
frames for new home 3 days Mon 2/26/18 Wed 2/28/18 12
14. To settle family into
new house 2 days Thu 3/1/18 Fri 3/2/18 13
88 days total
17

Critical path for the project of moving in new house:
1+2+4+5+7+8+11+12+13+14
Project duration:1+6+8+9+17+3+4+6+3+2 = 59 days
Therefore, it can be reported on the basis of baseline report that, project of moving in new
house will be completed within 59 days as per the above stated critical path. In previous to this,
the project will take 88 days but with the help of critical path project will complete 29 days
before.
Q12: Impact of approved changes on project time management
In the on going project management which is operating in a well organised manner can
have sufficient resources and time to complete the project on time (Morse, Babcock and Murthy,
2014). The approved impact are related those impacts which are cleared by the top management
or other stakeholders. It is free from any issues concern with the projects.
ACTIVITY 3
Q1.List of schedule review
A schedule review is after work completion activity which are used by the manages in
order to determine the reaction out of the project. Few of the consideration such as delay and cost
which are incurred on a given project are analysed into this schedule reviews.
Some of the causes which are affecting schedule reviews are:
 Delay errors: It is considered as one of the important issues which are observes in a
project is errors. It is identified that proper requirement of customers and effective blue
print to be made in order to get project more effective.
18

 Scope changes: It is that term which is used to define the whole deliverable that is
considered at the end of a project. In the initial project scopes are needed to be organise
and plan before implementing it into the project.
 Inappropriate procurement: Because of inadequate management system the each
aspects of business correlation, payment modes, pricing of activities and service level are
determined.
 Complexity: All those contributing factors which are affecting the project to finish on
time. It is determine through the size of project, most of the large projects are tend to
have relatively maximum as period to small project.
 Post execution phase: The project consists of potential factors that can leads to delays
and cost assessment of project (Sparrow, 2012). It is necessary for managers to analyse
the overall work and total time required to finish the entire work.
Q2: Schedule control process
Controlling of schedule in the context of project management are more crucial aspects
which is needed to be organised according to the work process (Oberthür and Stokke, 2011). The
sequences of projects are require to be manage in right manner so that minimum wastage can be
done. Controlling process are:
 Establish a set standard to measure performances: It is necessary to manage the work
as per the set standard so that performances can be easily measured.
 Measure actual performances: The actual performance of the project are need to be
measure so that accurate results can be drawn.
 Compare actual with standard: The other form of controlling schedule is to compare
the actual with standard so that perfect estimation can be determined.
 Take corrective actions: If anything is not working as per the set plan are need to be
correct before final evaluation. The managers are required to take effective action to
correct the mistakes which are arises in a project. It will help to complete the project with
appropriate standards.
Q3: Entailed in performance reviews
Performance management reviews are considered as one of the major aspects which are
related with the project. It is represent summary of ongoing process in a projects. It is mainly
focusses on the annual performances precess which is enables managers to analyse and identify
19

the performance so that productivity of the projects can be enhanced. No matter the elements of
your performances can help to increase motivation among every employees so that maximum
chance of growth opportunities can be achieved (Petit, 2012). During the time of goal setting for
a project managers need to analyse the various factors which are going to affect the performance
of the project. They need to avoid the halo effects those are having positive and negative impact
on success of the projects. Performance review form are require to be filled by taking necessary
information regarding the ongoing process of a particular tasks. Continuous discussion from each
concern parties those are working on the project.
Q4:Five documents which are required in review of time management
In the that phase which is needed to review a project work. It is related with different
plan of action which are required during project formulation (Phillips, 2013). In order to analyse
performance review of a project various documents are needed to be evaluate. Some of them are:
Project checklist: It consists of various lists of steps which are followed in the project.
The managers identify those lists that whether they are working according to the set plan or not.
Proper sequencing can be judged so the corrective steps can be taken.
Cost sheet: In the process of project review those cost which are allotted to a different
jobs are analysed. It also help to determine the total cost incur on which activity is more are
identify under this documents.
Risk assessment: This document is related with the total reviews of risk factors which
are present in a particular project. All the activities are need to have direct effect which are need
to be overcome so that best possible results can be achieved.
Environmental review documents: It is concern with those aspects which are affecting
the performance of business activities. Is the project is make lager impact are determine through
this document.
Performance review: The actual and standard performance are analysed through this
document. It will be helpful for pre and post time activity of a project are determine so that
corrective actions can be taken before final submission of a project.
Q5: Three reports which are required for moving house project
Financing report are used to analyse the complete requirement of cash which are used
during shifting of house from one destination to other. In this particular report, expenses which
20

will incur to move at the new house are to be recorded. The reason is that, it helps to know total
amount which will be required to accomplish the project on time.
Financing report
Project activities Amount (in $)
Identification of Location 2000
Search for house (Local. National or
international)
1250
Inform your family member regarding moving
house
200
Economical price for house 1500
Transportation need 100
Deciding plan to hire a mover or move with
yourself
200
Set up of moving budget 3000
Selecting perfect moving company 2500
Get right size of rental lorry for moving your
goods
150
Start packing up your home 100
Shifting planning 120
Packing your full house room by room 420
To collect posters and frames for new home 50
To settle family into new house 500
Total financial resources required for this
project
$12090
Government report: According to policies which are set by the legal bodies as per
housing moving are need to be follow properly.
21

Under this, rules and regulations which are mandatory to follow at the time of moving
from one house to another house are recorded. Further, legal formalities like registration of
property, sign of buyer and seller, complete the process of lawyer etc. included. Further, until
and unless all the legal formalities are completed then the family cannot shift in the new house.
As per the government rules, size of the plot along constructed area, its price, method or mode of
payment either, cash, cheque etc. associated in the report of government. Other than these, if
house purchased in instalments then amount of each instalment along with monthly or quarterly
etc. recorded which is mandatory to follow in proper way (Morse, Babcock and Murthy, 2014).
However, if the buyer or seller breach any rules of the contract made among them then corrective
actions by applying laws are to be taken by government. Hence, in this kind of report all the
formalities, legal rules, regulations etc. included which are compulsory to legally.
Activity analysis report: Under this process, all those activities which are used in
moving of house are need to be analysed before making changes.
At the end, third report prepared in the project time management is related to activity
analysis in which all the activities of plan are analysed as well as reviewed by the project
manager. In this, the Gantt chart as well as WBS these two tools of scheduling are used by the
project manager because it helps to assess live status of the project. According to this, manager
can easily assess that whether tasks are completed on time or not. Further, if any of the issue of
problem incurred while doing analysis of activities then corrective actions are taken.
Furthermore, this report supports to complete the project on time by eliminating issues as well as
obstacles incurred (Petit, 2012).
Q6: Results of change to schedule made prior
As, a manager for moving house activity it is my responsibility to organise a well
effective plan so that projects can get success on time (Polonsky and Waller, 2014). According to
the earlier schedule prepared by the team are need to be made in proper sequence so that an idea
of each activity is determined.
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 1
Q1: Two techniques used by project managers to determine task duration and effort
There are various techniques which are used by project managers in order to determine
duration and effort that are arises on a project. Those are:
22

Critical path project management: It is considers as one of the important techniques
which is used to determine the timing of activities which are taken into a project. It is mostly
relies most relies mostly on task duration and its dependencies.
PERT project management techniques: It is related with those techniques which are
used to determine project evaluation and review during the ongoing phase. It is based on
uncertainty of activities.
Q2: Procedure to identify critical path
It is that process which is important for the project mangers in current time. It is used to
measure the duration and efforts of activities which are used in formulation of a projects
(Roeder, 2013). It will help to reduce uncertainty because it is used to calculate shortest and
longest time of finishing a activities.
 Identification of the activities which are required in a project.
 Establish dependencies in the activities.
 Draw the network diagram
 Estimating activity time of completion
 Determine the critical path from the diagram to shown in a progress.
Q3: Process of managing project baseline
There are mainly two ways to create a baseline such as:
 A historical part which is related with the forecasted part of a projects that are estimated
by the managers during the planning phase. It is more effective if there is more and more
data available to the analyse the projects.
 Building one or more than forecasted scenarios which are used in development of project
planning.
Establishing a baseline is the closing of the planning stages that the beginning of the execution
and control.
Q4: Stages of life cycle
There are mainly four phases such as:
 Project initiations: Under this stages, new ideas of for a projects are developed and
designed.
23

 Planning phase: All those ideas which are used in first stages are screening and best one
used fro further planning of activities.
 Execution: In this stages plan execution are done by the mangers by using right tools and
techniques.
 Closure: The last phase in project management planning is the ending which is based on
the overall reviews and feedbacks collected from various resources.
Q5: Decomposition of time management
It is considered as that techniques which is used to divide sub-projects according to its
scope and nature (Saunders and Lewis, 2012). It is categorise into small units and parts so that
individual assessment can be done. Under this techniques there are various steps are needed to be
followed:
 Collection of information on higher priority and determine the associated tasks.
 Development of work breakdown structures at the top most level.
 Decompose of the upper level in WBS into lower level elements.
 Identification of every work activity package and elements with a proper unique code and
numbers.
 Degree of decomposition in work are important to determine the impact of resources in a
particular projects.
 Total number of Level under a WBS are not to be same for all other deliverables.
Q6: Project management techniques in creating schedule
In order to create a well organise schedule for a project the manage need to develop a
plan by using right tools and techniques that can help them to get better results in coming time.
some of them are:
Gantt chart: It is the most popular techniques used by the managers to determine the sequence
of there activities. The main purpose of this chart is to present the finish or start time of any
activities which are presented in a activities.
Logical network: A logic network is determine the activity pattern in a project with time
allotted to a project.
PERT chart: In the preparation of schedule pert chart is used to determine which take is more
effective and to be given more importance are need to be identified through using this particular
chart.
24

Q7: WBS and it relation in to project schedule
Work breakdown structure is an dividing of activities into sun categories so that best
possible results can be drawn (Schwalbe, 2015). The main purpose of those is to generate
maximum profit and with using less cost over the project can be attained easily. It is more
effective system used by the managers in their project planning to analyse the performance of an
activity required in a project. The objective of WBS is to minimise the complicated tasks to a
gathering of activities. It can help the mangers to oversee the activities more than effectively that
the complex tasks. It is to analyse the cost which are used in a particular tasks so that timely
completion of project can de done. The responsibility of the managers is to complete the full
scope of the project on time.
SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT 2
1: Design a WBS for a project
As, per the government department a WBS structure is design in order to determine the
internet facilities and services within and internal level of the department in relation to develop a
internal communication system and well organise report. In accordance to implementation of
complex software for introducing and regulating of performance on a project. The basic
necessity of this project is to provide clients a application with common in functioning and can
manage the entire work with one click. Most of the customers are have different rights and have
access to get information which is not at internal. Such as a detailed time frame, personal task
overlooks and update data etc.
Whereas, there are many of the other requirements that consists of monitoring of time
worked, formulating of top level reports in order to compare plan and it ongoing process.
Searching for a better source of material for regular and easy to process a report they need a
perfect internet sources which can help them to regulate their project details and performance.
WBS for the present project is stated below:
Milestones Project phases and activities Time frame (in weeks)
25

1 Designing phase
1.2 Analyse the old systems 1
1.2 Visit location where internet has to
implement
1
1.3 Finalise the area for internet application 2
2 Development phase
2.1 Assess various internet applications 2
2.2 Select one internet application for
implementation
2
2.3 Analyse chosen system using pros and cons 3
2.4 Prepare layout for implementing the
application
3
3 Implementation phase
3.1 Apply at the workplace of government 7
3.2 Start or run out the internet application 9
3.3 Monitor the application properly 4
4 Trialling and training phase
4.1 Give trail to the employees 3
4.2 Provide training for operating new
application of internet
4
5 Closing phase
5.1 Properly applied 2
5.2 Evaluate the internet application 3
5.3 Take actions where required 2
26

2: Essential requirement of a project in a table
Task
no.
Task name Human Material Equipment
1. Resource management
I: Proper attendance of record of
workers those are working on a
project.
II: Utilisation of workers ability
and their efficiency
It is the hardest
part of any
project which is
control by a
people, staffs
and other
parties.
Perfect
software to
record the
reports.
MIS, DSS
2. Finance management of project
I: Total requirement of budgets
II: Cash – flow statement record
through using online facilities.
Accountant and
cashiers.
Monitoring
and record
keeping
system
Cash recording
tools and
software’s.
3. Advance project management
System:
I: Effective skills for using of
internet to prepare documentation
on a project.
II: Early warning system which
can detect the mistakes
automatically.
III: Determination of Field
information of two projects which
are categories into different part
of the location.
Experience
persons and top
level knowledge
people.
Ability to use
innovative
and latest
technology.
MS- Office
knowledge and
other networking
ability.
3: Statement of report
Project Name: Development and implementation of Internet application
Prepared by: Aject International company
27

Date: 1st November 2017
Vendor Name: Government department of the country
This project report consists of various information regarding internet facilities and a well
designed portal which are used for managing and controlling of project activities. There are
various items which are used in that process such as registration of website, development of
portal and internal communication system and software for monitoring performance of each
individual those are working on a project.
In the process of project development total time required to finish this projects is around 12
months or one year. Further, major 4 phases will be included where small activities will be
framed to accomplish this particular project. If project of internet application starts on 1st
November 2017 then will be completed on 31st October 2018.
Some of the collateral services which are required to the vendor includes:
Performance reporting: A perfect internet system can be used in order to record the
performances of each employee those are working on a project.
Post-project operational support: It is after; completion of project is determined in the form of
review and feedback.
Cost parameter: Total estimation of capital which is required in a development of internet
services. That is used to complete a project. Due to lack of adequate financial resources the
government cannot complete the project or implement internet application (Phillips, 2013).
OBSERVATION REPORT
Determine project schedule
For the present task or observation report, construction site is taken into account where a
tower will be constructed on particular site. Size and hight of the tower is at the medium level
where approximate 5 floors, 1 basement and 1 parking area are constructed. Time frame of this
project was 6 months only and for which huge number of the employees were worked. Along
with this, working hours each day are approximate 9-10 hours and weekend off is only one day
instead of two.
Tasks Comment Satisfactory
28

Developing WBS for construction site
Project activities Name of activities Name of sub-
activities
1 Surface investigation
2 Demolition
2.1 Building and
selective demolition
2.2 Concrete and
asbestos removal
3 Site preparation
3.1 Site clearing
3.2 Selective clearing
3.3 Structure moving
4 De-watering
5 Shoring and
underpinning
6 Excavation
supporting system
7 Cofferdams
8 Earthwork
8.1 Grading
8.2 Excavating,
backfilling as well as
compaction
8.3 Soil stabilization and
treatment
29

9 Tunneling
9.1 Tunnel ventilation
and lining
9.2 Tunnel grouting and
support systems
10 Piles as well as
caissons
10.1 Pile driving
10.2 Bored piles
10.3 Caissons
11 Railroad and marine
work
12 Paving as well as
surfacing
12.1 Unit paving
12.2 Curbs
12.3 Athletic paving and
surfacing
12.4 Highway and airfield
paving
12.5 Pavement repair and
marking
13 Piped and utility
items
14 Distribution of water
and fuel
30

15 Sewage as well as
drainage
16 Power and
communications
17 Improvements in site
18 Landscaping
Estimating duration, predecessors or sequence
Task name Duration Predecessors
Surface investigation 5 days
Demolition 7 days 1
Site preparation 5 days 2
De-watering 9 days 2,3
Shoring and underpinning 13 days 4
Excavation supporting system 8 days 5
Cofferdams 9 days 5,6
Earthwork 15 days 7
Tunneling 13 days 8
Piles as well as caissons 9 days 9
Railroad and marine work 11 days 8,10
Paving as well as surfacing 9 days 11
Piped and utility items 6 days 12
Distribution of water and fuel 8 days 13
Sewage as well as drainage 10 days 11,12,14
Power and communications 5 days 15
Improvements in site 5 days 16
31

Landscaping 5 days 15,17
Using tools and techniques of project scheduling
Critical path
1+2+4+5+7+8+11+15+13
Developing project baseline
Task name Baseline Start Baseline Finish Baseline Status
Surface
investigation
Mon 3/3/14 Fri 3/7/14 Will be
completed on
time
Demolition Mon 3/10/14 Tue 3/18/14 Will be
completed on
32

time
Site preparation Wed 3/19/14 Tue 3/25/14 Will be started
on prior date
De-watering Wed 3/26/14 Mon 4/7/14 Will be
completed on
time
Shoring and
underpinning
Tue 4/8/14 Will not
complete on
time
Excavation
supporting
system
Fri 4/25/14 Tue 5/6/14 Will be
completed on
time
Cofferdams Wed 5/7/14 Mon 5/19/14 Will be delayed
by one day
Earthwork Tue 5/20/14 Mon 6/9/14 Will be
completed on
time
Tunneling Tue 6/10/14 Thu 6/26/14 Will be
completed or
prior date
Piles as well as
caissons
Fri 6/27/14 Will not
complete
Railroad and
marine work
Thu 7/10/14 Thu 7/24/14 Will be
completed on
time
Paving as well
as surfacing
Fri 7/25/14 Wed 8/6/14 Will be done on
prior date
Piped and Thu 8/7/14 Thu 8/14/14 Will be
33

utility items completed on
time
Distribution of
water and fuel
Fri 8/15/14 Tue 8/26/14 Will be
completed on
time
Sewage as well
as drainage
Wed 8/27/14 Tue 9/9/14 Will be
completed on
time
Power and
communication
s
Wed 9/10/14 Tue 9/16/14 Will be started
on previous
date
Improvements
in site
Wed 9/17/14 Tue 9/23/14 Will be
completed on
time
Landscaping Wed 9/24/14 Tue 9/30/14 Will be
completed on
prior date
Implement project schedule
Tasks Comment Satisfactory
Description of mechanisms which help to measure, record and
report activity progress
Daily report is one of the best method through which project manager
of the tower will be able to know that how much task is completed.
In this report, manager must keep record to task assigned to
employees with time-frame and accomplished works at the end of
34

day. Along with this, he or she requires using Gantt chart which will
provide overview of the project and current status. On the basis of
this, manager able to know that how much work completed and how
much remaining (Highsmith, 2013).
Monitor and identify factors affecting baseline of project
Baseline provides information that project activity when starts and
when will be finished. Further, specific dates are mentioned in this
particular kind of report. Those factors which create impact on this
are like legal rules and regulations of the authorised party. If the legal
laws and norms change for constructing the tower then manager has
to concentrate on that. Therefore, cannot take care about the time and
towards the employee's efficiency and workings. Due to this,
completion time of the project will affect adversely up to the greater
level.
Apart from this, if financial resources are not adequate and due to
some causes' manager cannot raise required amount then unable to
attract employees or labours. Due to this condition, they will not
come to complete the tasks which is major cause of increasing
project time. In addition to this, leaves of the employees and
efficiency of them are also major factor which directly impacts on the
completion time of the project (Kendrick, 2015). For the construction
project environmental conditions like high rain or flood etc. also
major risks and factors which affect baseline of the project.
Forecasting impact of changes on project schedule
Due to change in project baseline overall schedule will be affected
either in positive direction or in inverse manner. In the baseline when
activities will be completed on time then firm project manager of
constructing tower will able to complete whole plan with proper
deadlines. Apart from this, if tasks started or completed before the
settled time frame then schedule of construction will affect in
35

positive manner where the project will complete before the deadlines.
However, when delays occur for starting as well as completing the
activities when overall plan or schedule will be delayed and not
complete on time (Larson and Gray, 2013).
Developing responses to potential changes
If the project will complete on time then management will response
to use certain activities for manage time-frame and try to complete
before deadlines. Further, if all the tasks are fully managed and
completed before the time which is mentioned in the schedule then
manager will response in highly positive manner. Along with this, he
or she will try to increase their efficiency and reward them in
monetary or non-monetary form. However, if changes are in negative
way like project delayed at each activity then response will be for
using various effective strategies at the workplace. Under this,
manager of construction project will give order to use some tactics
like avoid multitasking, prepare daily-to-list etc.
Assess time management outcomes
Tasks Comment Satisfactory
Determining effectiveness of time management
Time resource plays one of the pivotal role in each and every project
whether it is related to the construction or any other. When time is
properly managed then company able to complete the project on time
and deliver the services as well. Along with this, when time is
managed then cost of project also influence in positive direction. The
reason is that, when tower constructed in less time, then manager has
to hire employees and labours for fewer days. Therefore, it has to pay
fewer wages and amount (Lundin and et.al., 2015). Moreover,
efficiency of the project manager will also improve. Hence, it can be
said that time management is highly effective for the project of tower
36

selected in the report.
Documenting time management issues and suggest for
improvement
Issues which incurred related to time management are that sometimes
labours unable to complete the tasks assigned on time. Apart from
this, when labours or employees take contingency or sick leave then
time delayed with some hours.
For managing the time, project manager should learn them some
effectual strategies like daily-to-list etc. As per this method, the
labours must prepare a list where tasks assigned for one day must be
mentioned along with the completion time (Crawford, 2014). Further,
the employees need to fix that within one of two hours I will
accomplish that much work properly.
CONCLUSION
From the above project report, it has been concluded that managing project time is crucial
aspects in determining project effectiveness. This project report is consists of various
information regarding WBS and its usefulness in project scheduling. Process of schedule and
impacts on project are discussed under this project report. Further, there are various techniques
and tools used in formulation of project. Approaches to precedence and use of critical path in
scheduling of activities are explained under this project. A plan is made by using different
activities which are required for the moving house. Overall project is based on the time
management of activities which are consumed by an activity in a project are discussed clearly.
37

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