Promoting Competitive Tourism Sector for Inclusive Growth in Tanzania

This report investigates the promotion of a competitive tourism sector for inclusive growth in Tanzania, focusing on the missing linkages between the sector and local communities. It identifies indicators of destination competitiveness and inclusiveness, analyzes specific factors hindering competitiveness, and explores strategic areas for integrating the tourism sector into the local economy. The study also addresses prevailing inclusiveness challenges within the sector, highlighting issues such as limited financial benefits for local communities, a lack of domestic tourism promotion, and poor infrastructure. The research aims to provide insights for policymakers and stakeholders to enhance the tourism sector's contribution to Tanzania's economic and social development by fostering stronger community involvement and addressing key challenges.

Promoting a
competitive tourism
sector for inclusive
growth: A study on the
missing linkages
between the sector and
communities in
Tanzania

Table of Contents
TOPIC: Promoting a competitive tourism sector for inclusive growth: A study on the missing
linkages between the sector and communities in Tanzania.............................................................3
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................3
1.1 Background of study.........................................................................................................3
1.2 Statement of Problem.......................................................................................................4
1.3 Objective of study.............................................................................................................5
1.4 Research Questions..........................................................................................................5
1.5 Significance of study........................................................................................................5
1.6 Overview of chapters .......................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 2: LITERARTURE REVIEW......................................................................................8
Indicators of destination competitiveness and inclusiveness in Tanzania..............................8
Specific factors that hinder the destination competitiveness................................................10
The strategic areas in which the tourism sector can be integrated into the local economy and
communities and propose the strategies for integration.......................................................12
The prevailing inclusiveness challenges in the sector..........................................................13
CHAPTER 3 : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..........................................................................16
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................19

TOPIC: Promoting a competitive tourism sector for inclusive growth: A study
on the missing linkages between the sector and communities in Tanzania
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of study
Travel and tourism sector contribute up to a great extend within the economical as well as
social development of a country by creating the jobs, generating prosperity across the world and
drives the exports. This industry consist of wide range of sectors which aims toward serving and
supporting the domestic, internation leisure visitors as well as businesses. Companies ranging
from larger to smaller all contribute toward increasing the economical growth by providing a a
better tourism experience to the visitors by offering variety of accommodations, transportation,
leisure, sports & recreations etc. related services which help in brining the community as well as
organisations all together to perform better services (Masele, 2015). These all are the services
which support in influencing a visitors to visit a particular place and also influence other to travel
at a particular place for satisfying their leisure need. The government mainly contribute toward
promoting the competitive tourism sector in order to ensure the inclusive growth of the sector
and country as well. This is because the competition among the tourism service provider support
in increasing the quality of services they offer to customer in order to stand first in a queue.
Tanzania is an East African Country and most famous place for tourism practices that are
related with safari as well as wildlife related adventure. It is consider to be a most famous place
that consists of national parks, natural attractions and many more places to visit including
majestic Mount Kilimanjaro (Okello and Novelli, 2014). But despite of this the tourism
practices within Tanzania is being growing slowly as compare to other nations or neighbour
countries as it has a few tourist attraction toward the visiting of country. This is so because there
are number of challenges that tourism sector of Tanzania is facing, one among them is little
financial benefits to the community of Tanzania. This is so because the major place of attraction
for tourist are national parks, safaris and beach related area which are being served by the tour
operators, travelling agencies or hotels as well as resorts. Hence all the fund as well as revenue
which get generated through the tourism activities are being earned by the private agencies or
business persons. This issue related with lack of access regarding the benefit to local population
it is increasing the gap between the community as well as tourism sector as there is very less

amount which get spend over the local society as a result of which they contribute less within the
tourism practices. In addition to this another major issue that tourism sector of Tanzania facing is
lack of domestic tourism (Sanches-Pereira and et. al., 2017). It is so because the inbound tourism
is best as it help in ensuring the appropriate flow of foreign revenue but on the other side the
inbound tourism leads to creation of seasonal unemployment at the time of off season. This issue
can be minimized if the promotions related with the domestic tourism can be performed in
effective manner among the citizens. Despite of all this one of the major challenge which has
been found within the tourism sector of Tanzania is poor infrastructure of the country. This is
because better infrastructure as well as general economy performance plays a crucial role within
attracting the tourism to nation. This issue of Tanzania covers lack of direct international flights,
appropriate road facilities, quality accommodation, quality tour operator as well as guide. The
poor quality of these factor left over the negative influence over attracting the tourism as well as
per capita spending.
1.2 Statement of Problem
Tanzanian tourism industry forms up a most crucial part of country's economy as it
contribute up to 9% of its GDP and its employees around 7.1% of work force within Tanzania.
These all plays a crucial role within the growth and development of tourism sector of the
country. Therefore there are number of initiatives are being performed by the government of
Tanzania by providing budget as well as access to fund so that adequate facilities can be
arranged in order to welcome the tourism so that future revenue can be generated (Park and
Kang, 2014).
But apart from this the major issue lies within the tourism sector of Tanzania is that it
faces lack of skilled personnel in tourism as well as hotels sector which leads to increase in the
hiring of foreigners within the businesses. Despite of all this the Tanzania is also suffering from
the world economic crises which is affecting the area of tourism (TANZANIA’S NEW HOPE,
2019). Apart from this several other National parks are being developed and along with this
promotions are also being performed in order to attract the potential through different local as
well as international mediums in order to approach both domestic as well as foreign tourism by
creating awareness among them. This is because the promotional practices have a significant
influence over the tourism performance over a particular destination. In addition to this it also
help in creating awareness among the people and support them in forming tourism related

decisions in term of identifying and choosing a destination by making a comparison if from the
competitive offerings that are available within the marketplace. But the major issue within the
slow growth of Tanzania than that of other neighbouring country is due to less emphases put
upon the branding practices and as a result of which people are not much aware about the
attractiveness of the country as well as tourism product or services it offer (Msuya, 2015). As a
result of which the tourism flow is relatively lower as compare to other countries such as Kenya.
Hence, it can be said the lack of promotional and branding activities are consider to be the major
cause of obstacles that the tourism sector of Tanzania is facing.
1.3 Objective of study
The main objectives of the study is to promote the competitiveness within the tourism
sector by putting emphases toward developing a linkage between the communities as well as
tourism sector within Tanzania. In order to achieve this the sub-objectives are being formulated
which are mentioned below:
 Identify indicators of destination competitiveness and inclusiveness in Tanzania
 Analyse specific factors that hinder the destination competitiveness
 Explore the strategic areas in which the tourism sector can be integrated into the local
economy and communities and propose the strategies for integration
 Identify the prevailing inclusiveness challenges in the sector.
1.4 Research Questions
 What are the key indicators of destination competitiveness and inclusiveness in
Tanzania?
 What are the specific factors that hinder the destination competitiveness?
 Which strategic areas of the tourism sector can be integrated into the local economy and
communities and what are the strategies for integration ?
 What are the prevailing challenges in the tourism sector ?
1.5 Significance of study
The study is performed as it shed up a light over the tourism practices performed within
Tanzania that help in determining its current state (Bakker, 2019). Despite of this it also support
in determining the major challenges which the Tanzania industry is facing along with the
influence it have over the performance of tourism sector within the country. In addition to this it

also sheds up light over the actions which government is taking in order to maximize economic
benefits of tourism sector to the local community. This is because the majority of tourism sites
are being covered by the private business as a result of which tourist mainly make payment to
those business in term of bills or other payment related with the services and those revenue are
not being transferred to the local people. In addition to this the study is also significant as it help
in determining the ways through which tourism products can become more competitive in the
world market.
1.6 Overview of chapters
This section is consider to be most crucial part of the study as it help the researcher in
providing an overview regarding the structure of the study which is to be conducted This will
support in performing the investigation related activities in more systematic manner (Scheyvens
and Biddulph, 2018). This help in providing an appropriate method which is to be carried out in
order to ensure smooth execution of research activities which is to be performed in sequential
manner. It is so because the research is consist of specified structure where each task is being
performs as per the priority of need. The structure to be followed for this investigation is
mentioned below:
Chapter 1 : Introduction
This is the first chapter of dissertation which is basically present an overview to the topic
for presenting an understanding regarding the topic by presenting a brief overview and
background of the investigation along with the direction in which the study will be conducted.
Introduction also provides a detail regarding the statement of problem along with the purpose of
conducting study and signification that a researcher will get with the execution of this researcher
so that reader be able to determine the major importance as well as rationale behind this study.
Despite of all this it also contains an information regarding the aim behind conducting the project
as well as objectives to be covered with the help of this study.
Chapter 2 : Literature Review
It is a second chapter of the dissertation which mainly focusses over gathering the
information from several secondary source available to them and then presenting it as per the
required of study and objective of the research (Gylfason and Nganou, 2016). The main aim of
conducting the Literature review is to generate understanding regarding the current area of study
and determining its nature so that further primary investigation can be performed by creating a

base to study. For performing literature review information is mainly gathered from the sources
like book, journals, online article etc. where the view point of authors are being critically
evaluated to develop understanding regarding the current topic of investigation by considering
previously developed knowledge about it.
Chapter 3 : Research Methodology
This is consider as one of the most essential part of an investigation as it present the
detailed information regarding several tools and techniques that are used by the researcher in
order to gather, evaluate and interpret the information so that best possible outcome can be
achieved that help in accomplishing the research objectives (Anderson, 2015). Hence, it support
in providing guidance to the researcher regarding the direction to be followed in order to perform
the investigation.
Chapter 4 : Data Analysis and discussion
This section consists of a evaluation of information which is gathered throughout the
investigation in order to interpret the data to develop understanding regarding the outcome. The
data analysis provide a detailed understanding regarding the chosen area of study by evaluating
the available information and then performing the discussion over both primary as well as
secondary information so that desired outcome can be achieved.
Chapter 5: Conclusion
Once the data analysis has been performed as well as discussion over primary as well as
secondary data has been performed, then the researcher have to provide a summary of finding in
a conclude manner so that the reader be able to determine the what understanding being created
over the study of issue. In addition to this it also support in identifying that whether the
researcher be able to achieve the research objectives.
Chapter 6 : Recommendation and Reflection
This is the last chapter of the dissertation which contains a detailed regarding several
recommendation that are being provided by the researcher after performing a detailed study over
the issue. This contains recommendation regarding the actions to be performed in order to avoid
or deal with the issue (Mwega, 2016). Additional, this section also present a reflection regarding
the experience of researcher, issues it has faced while performing the research and ways in which
these issues are being tackled by the investigator.

CHAPTER 2: LITERARTURE REVIEW
Literature review is considered to be most crucial part of an investigation as it focuses
toward gathering, evaluating and arranging the information which is already being studied or
published earlier and similar to current study area. Under this section researcher mainly focuses
toward presenting an in depth understanding regarding the current topic of concern by presenting
the view point of several authors from the already performed study. This help in determining the
nature of study so that the researcher be able to perform further investigation by considering
literature review as a base to direct the investigation in further direction for conducting the
primary investigation which help in achieving the main objective behind the study. The literature
review in order to develop understanding regarding the pre established objectives is mentioned
below:
Indicators of destination competitiveness and inclusiveness in Tanzania
As per the view point of Dev Jani and Maria Minde, 2016, tourism is one of the fastest
growing sector where destinations are being at the core of tourism products that is gradually
increasing the competitiveness in the market place by creating a race of attracting more and more
consumer. This has created more stiff competition among the tour operators and is also consider
as the major characteristics of modern tourism market this is so because it attract the tourism
services providers to ensure offering more effective practices in order survive in competitive
market place. These all contribute toward enhancing the quality of operations to be performed
that leads to maximum customer satisfaction. Within the east African countries and being
considered as the major sources of export earning. This growth within the east African countries
make it necessary to create competitive destination which is lacking behind in these countries
which is affecting the performance as well. The east African country like Tanzania is a place
which mainly provide tourism practices related with cultural and natural area's of attraction. The
main factors found within the destination competitiveness are mainly represented within the
model cluster of five main groups such as supporting factor (that consists of facilitating
resources, enterprises, infrastructure and hospitality), Core resources and attractors
(Superstructure, event, climate, entertainment, activities), Qualifying and Amplifying
destinations (location safety, cost, carrying capacity, security) Destination management
(resource stewardship, information, research, service, finances, marketing, organization, visitor
management, crisis management) and destination policies (vision, monitoring, philosophy,

branding, positioning). These all are consider as the indicator of competitiveness for the
Tanzania tourism practices and if these are maintained properly then it support in achieving the
greater growth rate in term of tourism arrival within the country. But The major issue or cause
behind lacking of competitiveness within the sector is air connectivity which remains inefficient
throughout the region which make it difficult for the tourist to visit such places. In addition to
this lack of significant improvement within the use of natural resources that hinder the Africa's
T&T competitiveness. While Tanzania's tourism is mainly derived from the natural tourism
attraction, there remains an ample room for the improvement in tourism practices in term of
communicating, valuing and protecting cultural richness. This is because Tanzania is consider as
the home of natural resources and wildlife globally with its rich landscapes such as Mt.
Kilimanjaro, Zanzibar. Tanzania is consider to be a price-competitive destination where the
government of nation plays a significant role in promoting the travel & Tourism sector. But apart
from this there remains several untapped potentials The cultural resources contribute effectively
by complementing the natural as well as safari tourism offer. In addition to this there are also
some progress within the country's infrastructure particular air as well as the ground transport
that can be act as an indicator to the competitiveness of the tourism practices within the country.
Despite of this, Tanzania is the land of cultural and natural resources which if managed
properly can also be act as a indicator for the competitiveness for the nation's travel and tourism
practices. This is so because the main interest of the tourist within the country like Tanzania is
safari and national park which are being offered by the country as a tourism product.
On the other side, as per the view point of , Tanzania is a place which contains the most
attractive feature that leads to influence the tourists to form up the decision in order to visit the
place. But still there is lack of tourism supply to the nation reason being improper management
of tourism practices. As result of which the Tanzania's tourism industry is not much attractive or
competitive despite of being stand among the top seven destination with abundant within the
natural resources. The main reason behind this are poor tourism infrastructure, inappropriate
health related service, unhygienic environment, less price competitiveness, poor human
resources development and lack of diversification within the tourism related products etc. These
are the major factor that are influencing or act as a constraints to the performance of tourist
industry within Tanzania. Hence, government as well as private tourism service provider must
focuses toward improving these factors that help in bringing the competitiveness within the

industry which in turn further contribute toward growth of travel and tourism sector. The
government must contribute toward enhancing the tourism support services such as infrastructure
in term of airport, road infrastructure etc. This is because the infrastructure act as an indicator to
the competitiveness as tourists wiling to visit place that are rich in infrastructure. Despite of this,
high skilled workforce is also consider to be a major indicator of competitiveness as the
competent workforce support in keeping the tourists satisfied with its services when they get
adequate accommodation related services. In addition to this there are several factors like,
cultural tourism, urban tourism found within the southern circuits, beaches etc. are the rich
factors which Tanzania has and if their are promoted well as go through appropriate branding
then it leads to the competitiveness within the travel and tourism sector which further contribute
toward enhancing the quality of services. Hence the government of Tanzania must set required
fund aside in order to develop appropriate infrastructure such as roads, transports which make
help in enhancing the tourism practices and growth of the sector within Tanzania too.
Specific factors that hinder the destination competitiveness
According to the view point of Sanches-Pereira, A. and et. al., 2017., destination
competitiveness is basically considered as the ability of destination in term of delivering the
goods and services in order to perform better than that of other destinations. It mainly
encompasses of factors like price differentials consists of productivity level of several
components of tourism sector, exchange rate movement and qualitative factors which affect the
attractiveness of destination. The competitiveness of industry is basically refers to a true
indicator of performance of a particular destination within world market. But major factors that
help in achieving the destination competitiveness are infrastructure, cultural and social
attractiveness, natural tourism etc. these all are factor which help in enhancing the quality of
services that are being offered by the nations. Despite of all this there are some factor that
restrict or hinder the destination competitiveness such as inappropriate management of resources,
lack of knowledge and skilled employees, lack of awareness among people etc. These all are the
factors which affect the performance of tourism industry and as a result of which restrict the
sector to being competitive and stand over a position to deal with the competition prevailing in
the market.
As per the information presented by Nicholas Jeremiah, 2015, tourism is becoming
world's largest industry and now becoming one of the fastest growing sector throughout the

world with the anticipation of globalisation concept which supported in reducing the borders or
national boundaries restrictions. Tourism practices now become one of the most crucial section
of the economy as specially for the least developed countries like Tanzania, who's national
budget is still remains at the 46% donor supported. Tanzania is not much economical developed
country as the government of Tanzania not viewed the tourism sector as the priority in order to
enhance the economical condition of the country. The more focus of government remains over
the wildlife conservation and not over the actual utilisation as well as promotion of country's
tourism attraction. As a result of which not appropriate policies are being formulated to run the
tourism practices and encouraging it in the country for the growth of sector. Hence the tourism
practices not remained must concentric from very beginning within the country. Therefore, the
tourism weak administrative practices of Tanzania is consider to be the major hindrance to the
destination competitiveness. Despite of all this, lack of promotional strategies is also consider to
be the another major factor which hinder the growth as well as competitiveness of the tourism
sector. This is a hindrance to tourism competitiveness because the majority of people are not
much aware about the locations to be visited as a result of which they prefer to visit other places
to which are aware and think of having a better experience. Despite of all these other major
factors which hinder the competitiveness of Tanzania's tourism industry are poor tourism
infrastructure, insufficient fund from the government toward the tourism industry and
inappropriate National part policies. These all factors are the one that act as a hindrance to the
competitiveness of the tourism industry of the Tanzania, this is so because it directly influence
the performance of the tourism sector within the nation. This is so because the tourism practices
within the country doesn't get adequate resources or guidance in term of fund as well as tourism
related policies as a result of which the performance is not as per the standard which affect the
visitors satisfaction up to a great extend and as a result of which it affect the competitiveness as
well as the performance of tourism sector in negative manner. Therefore, this is consider to be a
major hindrance to the competitiveness of the tourism practices.
According to the view point of Bakker, M. 2019, travel and tourism sector forms up a
most crucial part of a country's economy as it help in continuing the flow of foreign currency to
the country in order to gain effective growth and success of community. There are number
factors which are consider as asset by several tourism related organisation which they use as a
factor to achieve competitive advantage in the market place. These includes price differentiation,

infrastructure facilities, proper governmental support, natural tourism and many more which
support in attracting the larger number of customers to a particular destination. But apart from
this, there are certain factors that are present within the sector that directly or indirectly hinder
the practices of tourism industry and restrict them to achieve competitive advantage. Tanzania is
one of the most attractive place to get visited as it involve several kind of adventures place that
are related with forests, mountains, beaches, safaris etc. but still the performance of industry is
weak. This is so because there are number of factors like poor tourism infrastructure, unhygienic
environment, poor human resource development, inefficient government or tourism policies etc.
are being consider as the major hindrance to the tourism sector of Tanzania. This in turn have a
direct influence over the growth as well as success of the tourism industry as a result of which
the sector is not growing which in turn also affecting the economical condition of the country.
The strategic areas in which the tourism sector can be integrated into the local economy and
communities and propose the strategies for integration
As per the view point Jacques Morisset, 2015, the tourism sector is continuously growing
with the advancement of technology and increasing attention of government as well as
community as this sector constitute a most essential part of the economy. As a result of which
tourism industry is growing at a rapid pace throughout the world while enhancing the
employment as well as social development opportunity as the tour operators are mainly working
toward integrating the community with the tourism practices for providing a better tourism
experience. The tourism within the Tanzania is growing as compare to last decade by attracting
the tourists to visit the nation. But the facilities as well as tourism related policies are not
appropriate as a result of which it is affecting the performance of the tourism sector. Therefore it
is required to enhance the integration level of tourism sector as well as community by reducing
the gap between them. It has been reported that the Tanzania is poised to reach at the middle
income status as the tourism practices are being leveraged in order to promote the faster
economic growth in term of producing the jobs, getting more fiscal revenues and gaining the
foreign exchange earning. It has been suggested by the Jacques Morisset, 2015, that to expand
the tourism for increasing the economic growth in order to enhance the gross domestic
production rate and the household budget survey that challenges the traditional view point of
Tanzanian economy. As the tourism sector is growing and also contribute toward employing
people but despite of this many of the Tanzanian people are not willing to reap this benefit as

above one third of the countries population is still comes under the poverty line. It has been
identified that the tourism sector is growing and hence it is capable of generating the job
opportunity for the community.
But as the gap between the tourism sector as well as community is larger it is required to
set up new tourism strategy in order to increase the reach of sector to the community of Tanzania
which support the country to reach its goal of increasing tourism revenue. This can be done by
creating the interaction between the tourism activities in order to get development of tourism
sector. It has been found that the Tanzania's tourism industry is not earning higher value, not
even produce much job to the local community and the workers are mainly contribute to one
third of what the counterpart make in Kenya. Despite of this the resorts are also relay on the
imported material, food and equipment which are being arranged from the several different
locations. Therefore in order to achieve he interaction between the community as well as tourism
sector it is crucial for Tanzania to perform work in the favour of community development. Hence
in order to perform this it is required to formulate proactive policies in order to brining
integration within the community as well as tourism sector. These policies must be formulated
by the public and private sector jointly that are required to be addressed in order to enhance the
local skills as well as quality with an aim to meet with the standards that are being set by the
tourism sector. In addition to this, the tourism sector must also try to encourage the people of
country in term of improving their skills or capability as well as also try to reduce the importing
practices by making use of resources available in the country or try to produce in the Tanzania
itself with the help of community people. This in turn help in creating job opportunities to the
people of community which in return brings up maximum contribution of the community people
toward the development of tourism sector. As a result of which it also help in increasing the
quality of services that contribute toward enhancing the attractiveness of tourism practices to the
customers so that the tourism practices may get enhanced. Therefore, this support in reducing the
gap between the community as well as tourism sector of the Tanzania which contribute toward
increasing the competitiveness as well as the growth of the tourism sector along with the
economical and social growth of country.
The prevailing inclusiveness challenges in the sector
As per the information presented by H. E. Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, 2012, tourism and
hospitality industry is consider as the pillar of the region's socio as well as economical

development and the poverty reduction endeavour. This is because it brings up a substantial
amount among foreign exchange or currency with the help of tourism practices. Therefore this
sector brings up a significant contribution to the income of respective people as well as nations.
But despite of this there are number of challenges which the tourism sector of Tanzania as well
as other East African countries are facing such as inadequate skilled manpower and lack of
expertise in order to have an appropriate tourism management which is that major cause behind
in appropriate growth of the travel and tourism sector. This is mainly occur as previously the
policies regarding the tourism practices was not appropriate but now the government is working
over it and trying to enhance the capability as well as skills of people. This is because the skilled
manpower and experts will support in transforming the potential of the region for offering
tourism practices by making it more meaningful economic gains. Hence the unskilled people is
the major challenge for Tanzania's tourism practices because the country is having a natural
beauty and various tourist attraction places but due to lack of expertise the potential of the region
remain unexploited and as a result of which tourism sector as well as community not be able to
reap the benefit of it.
Despite of this another challenge found within the tourism sector of Tanzania is lack of
adequate supportive physical as well as institutional infrastructure in order to promote the
tourism within the region. The physical connectivity of the country in term of air, road as well as
water transport are not developed appropriately and in some place these are poor or not exist.
Additionally the hotels, restaurants as well as other tourist services are also inadequate and the
quality of services are also not appropriate. Hence these issues are required to be overcome as
the regional connectivity seen to be more crucial factor for attracting the tourist to place. There is
another a major challenge which is affecting the growth as well as development of tourism
industry within Tanzania i.e. lack of integration between the community as well as the tourism
sector of the country as a result of which the services are not being appropriate. Along with this
the local people not focuses toward presenting their efforts in order to serve the tourist or
providing them an experience to their cultural which is consider to be most crucial asset of
attracting the people and satisfying them with their trip. This is so because the tourism practices
remains incomplete without the contribution of the community in term of presenting the cultural
or other practices in front of the tourist in order to entertain them as not all the effort of
government as well as tour operators are enough there is also required a little efforts toward

providing a better experience to tourists from the community people. Therefore, there is a
requirement of domestic as well as international private sector in order to improve the tourism
practices by rising the challenges and invest within the tourism sector.

CHAPTER 3 : RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is a theoretical framework which presented the information
regarding different kind of tools and techniques that are basically used to conduct a research
project in effective manner. It is consider as a significant part of an investigation as it direct the
researcher in term of making right choice of tools and techniques for collecting, analysing,
evaluating and interpreting the information so that best possible outcome can be extracted. In
addition to this it also contains a detailed regarding several factors that are required to be
consider by a researcher while performing the investigation in effective manner (Kumar, 2019).
The current report is based upon the topic i.e. “Promoting a competitive tourism sector for
inclusive growth: A study on the missing linkages between the sector and communities in
Tanzania”. This requires a detailed investigation for presenting the most appropriate
understanding and true information regrading the sector. Hence, by making use of research
methodology it become easier to the researcher to determine the methods or techniques to be
adopted to perform investigation in effective manner so that appropriate findings can be
represented. The several tools and techniques that are used to perform this investigation are
mentioned below:
Research philosophy:- It consists of set of beliefs that are related with the nature of
reality which the investigator is going to study in context of epistemology and ontology (Bresler
and Stake, 2017). It is basically refers to the set of beliefs which forms up a way of conducting
investigation that contribute toward brining most positive outcome. The research philosophy are
basically of two type such as interpretivism and positivism which are explained below:
 Interpretivism Philosophy:- Under this method several ways are being adopted by the
researcher to gather information such as interview, observation, questionnaire etc. as it is
performed under the realistic approach which perform the appropriate evaluation of view
point of human beings that directly influence the outcome of study. Under the
interpretivism approach the detail evaluation upon the important or least important
method are being performed by gathering information from several different sources.
 Positivism philosophy:- This approach consider several different aspects that are based
on the scientific review which are being provided by several different authors so that
appropriate overview can be presented by making the conclusion as well as
recommendations over the presented report (Ledford and Gast, 2018). Under the

positivism philosophy the main consideration is being provided to social behaviour of an
individual by measuring it into the quantity or facts. This represent the appropriate
governance of physical changes within world which provide flexibility to the researcher
regarding as he can change the plan whenever any issue get arises.
In order to perform this investigation in effective manner, interpretivism philosophy will
be used as it perform investigation over the human perceptions. This make it easier to gather the
true information regarding the tourism practices performed within The Tanzania and the gap
between the communicate as well as sector by gathering information from the people belong to
tourism sector.
Research approach:- It is basically a process as well as plan that involves the step for the
wider assumption in order to perform an in-depth evaluation, data collection as well as
interpretations. The research approach are mainly based over the nature as well as type of the
investigation that are to be performed by the researcher by providing them with a direction for te
accomplishment of research aims and objectives (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault, 2015). There are
basically two type of research approach such as inductive and deductive that are mentioned
below:
 Deductive approach:- Under this the information is being gathered by the researcher by
formulating the hypothesis that are based on pre specified theory so that by gathering the
information it can be tested to prove them right or wrong in order to achieve the desired
objectives. This approach mainly focuses over covering up each and every small aspect
of the study to make it more clear and presentable but at the same time it is time
consuming as there are lots of information or facts about the tourism industry of Tanzania
and if these all are being considered then the presentation become more confusing and
also get presented in detailed manner.
 Inductive approach:- Under this approach the research basically move from one
observation to the another with the help of several sort of theories and concepts so that
existing understanding can be updated by adding up more information. This approach is
flexible as it doesn't involve any kind of previously determined data. Inductive approach
within investigation mainly focuses over performing a discussion over a broader concept
and then focusing over the smaller aspects which are crucial to develop understanding

regarding the topic. The inductive approach is mainly related with the qualitative mean of
data which is to be consider within investigation.
In order to perform this investigation inductive approach will be used as it support in
presenting the best possible outcome by making use of qualitative research. Despite of this it also
help in providing the data in detailed manner which make it more easier for the reader to gain
understanding regarding the presented information. This is because it provide a theoretical
framework which allow the researcher to present the information in more detail as well as
explanatory manner so that proper information regarding Tanzania tourism and competitiveness
for the inclusive growth can be presented with the help of study.

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