PSY611/612 Work & Well-Being: EBIS for Protective Equipment Use

This report presents an evidence-based intervention strategy (EBIS) aimed at promoting the use of protective clothing and equipment in workplace settings to mitigate occupational hazards. It identifies key populations such as factory workers and healthcare professionals, defines key constructs like health, occupational hazards, and accidents, and outlines a cross-sectional study design for evaluating the intervention's effectiveness. The intervention focuses on strengthening safety programs, utilizing personal protective equipment (PPE), and implementing statistical analysis to assess the impact of PPE usage on reducing hazardous incidents. The report also discusses the rationale behind the strategies, provides evidence based on empirical research, and includes a design for evaluation, measures for evaluation, and data analysis methods. The ultimate goal is to improve workplace safety and well-being by ensuring that employees and management understand the importance of protective clothing and equipment.

EVIDENCE-BASED INTERVENTION
STRATEGY (EBIS) OBJECTIVE
Promoting the use of protective clothing and equipment

Abstract
The occupational hazards are most common in the modern workplace settings as the people who
are working in the organization often suffering from serious diseases and disabilities. The reason
behind the occupational hazards is not maintaining the appropriate measures regarding the health
and safety in the workplaces. The protecting clothes and equipment are most important for the
employees in order to save them from the safety and health hazards in the workplace. The
factories and the healthcare units are mostly facing the health and safety hazards. In order to
manage the health and safety issues within the workplaces, the employees and management of
the organization should understand the use of protecting clothes and equipment.
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Table of Contents
Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................1
Table of Contents........................................................................................................................................2
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Statement of Problem..................................................................................................................................3
Description of key Population.....................................................................................................................4
Definition of Key Constructs.......................................................................................................................4
Method and Design of Intervention.............................................................................................................5
Discussion and Rationale for each of the Strategies....................................................................................6
Evidence that the intervention is based on empirical research.....................................................................7
Design of Evaluation...................................................................................................................................8
Measures for Evaluation..............................................................................................................................8
Data Analysis methods to be used...............................................................................................................9
Critique........................................................................................................................................................9
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................10
References.................................................................................................................................................11
Bibliography...............................................................................................................................................14
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Introduction
Personal protective clothing and equipment ought to be utilized in organizations especially by
the workforce in order to prevent themselves from various risks and harmful hazards. The
various hazards could arise through the course of performing their respective work or task.
Protective clothing and equipment were taken as the last line of defense for the workforce
against various kinds of hazards after the failure of engineering measures. Personal protective
clothing and equipment are the devices that the industrial workers need to wear before handling
any machinery or performing a particular task (Bateman, 2015). The manager, as well as the
employees, should put their efforts into developing strategies to prevent any hazardous incidents
and to protect themselves through maintaining and establishing a healthy work environment. The
employer should provide proper personal protective clothing and equipment to all the workers in
order to safeguard their life from any disaster. There are some definite roles need to be carried
out. First, one is to carry out assessment upon possible hazardous events that turn out to be
significant to identify health and physical hazards (Den Boon et al., 2018). Secondly, the
employer is responsible to provide required preventive tools that would be required by the
workers for carrying out any activity. Lastly, the employer has to make sure that the employees
possess the necessary knowledge about protective tools by providing organized training.
Examination upon the safety of work environment in the organization is necessary and must
include accident causation models. The management should focus on the implementation of
well-being programs within the workplace. It also comprises of the proper development of safety
culture along with the strategies upon disaster management.
Statement of Problem
The workplace setting of the organizations often observes serious diseases and disabilities
because of the unawareness or ignorance of the employees about the occupational hazards and
safety measurements. The management as well as employees are often not alert about the health
safety risk and do not take necessary precaution. In this matter, the promotion of the use of
protecting clothes and equipment is one of the most important tasks in the workplace setting in
order to manage the issues regarding workplace diseases and disabilities. However, many
organizations and their employees do not still understand the importance of the protecting
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clothes and equipment for reducing the health safety hazards in their workplace (Giannandrea,
Settimi & Figa Talamanca, 2008).
Description of key Population
The key population, which will be considered for the study will be the management and
employees of the workplaces where the cases of occupational hazardous are a most common
incident. In this context, the factories are ideal examples of the study where the health safety
issues are omnipresent. In the factory setting, there are most probabilities of health and safety
hazards. Moreover, due to the health and safety hazards in the workplaces in these factory
settings, the diseases and disabilities are common among the employees who work in these
factories. Hence, the promotion of the use of protecting clothes and equipment is most important
in the factory setting. In this context, the people who are working in the factories are the main
target population of the study as they should be aware of the uses of protecting clothes as well as
equipment that support them in avoiding any types of health safety issues (Hersi et al., 2015).
Apart from the employees as well as management staffs of the factory setting, the health and
safety issues are most prevalent in the healthcare settings. In the healthcare setting, the risks of
health and safety issues associated with the employees are increasingly growing. The reason
behind the increasingly growing healthcare and safety issues among the healthcare professionals
like nurses and another professional who are directly involved with the patient care often stays at
serious risk s of healthcare and safety hazards. The nurses of the healthcare setting are mainly
involved with the patient care and often the nurses are unaware of the care of the infection and
manage the patients who have infectious diseases. Hence, the nurses are prone to be infected by
their patients whom they provide care services (Honda & Iwata, 2016). The appropriate uses of
the protecting clothes and equipment can help the nurses as well as other healthcare professionals
who are involved with the patient care. Hence, the nurses are also considered for the research
study and they are a key population of the study.
Definition of Key Constructs
The key construct or the key terms which will involve with the research study are as follows:
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Health: As per the World Health Organization (WHO), the health is the condition of full
physical, emotional as well as the social well-being of an individual. Moreover, it is not only the
absence of the diseases or the infirmity of an individual person.
Occupational Hazards: These are situations within the organization settings or those involved
with the jobs which have the possibility of a cause of injury as well as damage to an individual.
The occupational hazards are the health and safety risks associated with the workplace setting
that hamper the health and well being of the people who are working in the organization (Howe,
2015).
Factory: As per the business context, the factory implies any of the premises in where one or
more persons are deployed to run the following:
 Producing any article or any part of an article
 Altering or mending, ornamenting, completing, washing or breaking an article in
premises.
Accident: As per the international labor organization (ILO) the accident can be defined as the
unexpected as well as unanticipated incidences that may cause injury and loss of property and
life.
Occupational Diseases: The occupational diseases can be defined as the abnormality in the
body that rise or the courses of an individual employment or any types of chronic ailments which
happens as the outcomes of work or occupational activity (Huang, 2011).
Method and Design of Intervention
An evidence-based cross-sectional study is depicted to be conducted in the hospital which is
found to be aiming at addressing the issues and also the application of the best practices is
depicted to be carried out with including the chosen approach. The process present in the form of
the professional opportunities for carrying out the examination process is focused in this study.
The practical guides can be easily determined by carrying out the appropriate structuring of the
simple random sampling processes. The simple random sampling processes will enable the
researcher to gather the data for carrying out the recording of the observational readings as per
the practices are determined in this study. The multivariate analysis is structured which is
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surrounding the explanatory as well as the dependent variables (Hung, Choi & Chiang, 2015).
The determination of the magnitude of the personal protective equipment utilization is depicted
to be determined in the hospitals which are targeted for purpose of designing the interventions.
The strengthening of the safety programs and the utilization of the personal protective equipment
are depicted to be associated with the implementation of the use of the protective equipment are
essential.
Apart from this, the questionnaires are designed with aiming at determining the outcomes of the
PPE usages. The hazardous drug spills are depicted to be prohibited by the usage of the PPE and
also the measures are undertaken with carrying out the Donalbedian Quality of Care Model. The
framework is depicted to be structured with including all the PPE outcomes as well as it is
depicted to be illustrating the scale measurement of Drug Handling Processes (McGoldrick,
2015). The second outcomes are depicted to be focusing on carrying out the appropriate
development of the processes in the form of the binary outcomes. The lack of the care related to
the handling of the hazardous materials is depicted to be focused on the implementation of this
process.
Discussion and Rationale for each of the Strategies
The statistical analysis strategy is undertaken which is depicted to be performed with including
the dependent and the independent variables. The bi-variate and the multivariate analysis will be
undertaken for distributing the outcomes and also the linear regression models. The estimation of
the PPE used in generalizing the process of estimating the equations as specified in this study.
The account is depicted to be focusing on clustering of nurses within the practices by which the
examination of the factors will enable them to focus on the activities as identified in this study.
The estimation is carried out with achieving the processes by which the variation of the activities
can be easily determined. The multivariate logistic regression model is depicted to be estimated
with including the generalized estimating equations (Porter, 2009). The achievement of the
parsimonious model is depicted to be creating backward selection procedures and also it is
enabled for carrying out the interaction processes by removing the barriers to PPE. The surveys
are depicted to be focusing on carrying out the appropriate average direct care workload
processes which are represented by including the nurses shifting hours. The handling of the
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chemical and the other equipment must be properly carried out including all the patient processes
(Potter, 2006).
Evidence that the intervention is based on empirical research
The evidence which is found to be supporting that the intervention is depicted to be dependent on
the empirical research is indicating the processes implemented while designing the study
processes. The preparation of interventions for the purpose of removing the differences is
indicating the analytic sample and the exclusion of the inappropriate participants. The
multivariate linear model is depicted to be dependent on the outcomes of the PPE. It is identified
to be carried out with including the appropriate development of the approaches by which the
changes in the final analytic processes as it is including the proper development of the analytic
approaches (Raj, 2017). The significant development of the activities is depicted to be dependent
on administering the activities by which the appropriate development of the activities can be
easily made. It is found to be aiming at providing the development of the significant differences
by which the analytic processes can be easily executed in the process of differentiating the units.
The segregation of the routine administration processes as well as the administering of the
hazardous processes are indicating the appropriate identification of the administering processes.
The closed system transferring of the devices will enable to create a protective environment by
which the administering of the hazardous materials can be easily made in an appropriate way
(Tipwareerom & Weglicki, 2017). The focus on implementing the multivariate model will enable
to gather the outcomes with adjusting the non-profit ownership and also the reduction in the
number of the variables is depicted to be included with carrying out the appropriate approaches
in this process. The enhancement of the approaches will enable to carry out the workloads with
including the highest scores on the PPE scales. The collegial nurse-physician processes with
strengthen the usage of the PPE in a protective way and also it is found to be mitigating the
malfunctioning processes. Thus, the evidence is depicted to be dependent on the processes as the
appropriate approaches to increasing the responsibilities are depicted to be identified in this
study. The participation in the practices of the affairs related to the arrangement of the PPE is
leading to the development of the inappropriate management skills (Valdez, 2015).
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Design of Evaluation
The protective clothing and equipment will be designed to be worn by the nurses to be protected
from the risk of illness or risk. The protective equipment is as follows:
 Hearing protective devices such as ear plugs and ear muffs.
 Equipment for protecting respiratory
 Face and eye protection such as face shields and safety glasses
 Skin protection such as sunscreen, gauntlets, and gloves
 Clothing that can provide appropriate protection
The equipment and clothes need to be designed as per the comfort of the nurses. The nurses need
to take the comfort and fit of protective equipment and clothing by taking into consideration the
selection of most appropriate items. The protective equipment and clothing will the nurses to get
protection while carrying out their works (Wyeth, 2013). It is very much important for the nurses
to wear appropriate and right protective equipment and clothing for keeping themselves
protected from being infected and preventing the spread of illness from the patients. The nurses
should know what protective equipment and clothing should be used in different situations.
Measures for Evaluation
The protective equipment and clothing need to be used by the nurses to get protected from the
germs and infections. The nurses need to take appropriate measures in order to create a barrier
between the fungi or bacteria and viruses. The protective equipment and clothing should include
face shields, masks, goggles, gowns, and gloves. The surgical masks can be used for covering
mouth and nose and preventing the germs to enter. The masks in some situation can be needed a
respirator. The respirator tightly fits and develops a seal around the mouth and nose for
preventing the small droplet to enter into the body (Tadesse, Kelaye & Assefa, 2016). The
respirator is of different sizes and it is important to wear appropriate size which will fit as per
their requirement. The face shields and goggles can be used for preventing the fluids of the body
from contact with the eyes' mucous membranes. The shoe coverings, gloves, and gowns can be
used for preventing contact with the germs. The nurses need to select the right equipment on the
basis of the type of infection or germ. For example, a mask can be wear to prevent some types of
infection and in some situation gloves and gown can be needed. The type of exposure will assist
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to select the right equipment. The gloves, gown, and masks should be wearing if the nurses are
handling body fluids or open wounds (Lu et al., 2015). The nurses should use the personal
equipment and clothes in order to prevent any infection or disease. They should use gloves,
goggles, and masks. The equipment should be immediately removed as soon as the nurses done
the treatment of the patient. It is also important to pay attention while removing equipment for
avoiding the contamination.
Data Analysis methods to be used
The random sampling method of analyzing the gathered data can be used which will indicate the
appropriate gathering of the data as per the method is determined in this study. The non-profit
multivariate analysis process will enable to determine the participation processes, as well as the
active gathering of the activities, can be easily made in an appropriate way (Fischer, Hynes, &
Perl, 2014). The focus on making the improvement in the form of associated relationships and
the changes in the association of the scores can be easily measured. The development of the
administration process will enable them to focus on carrying out the activities as well as it will
enable them to focus on carrying out the activities in an appropriate way. Apart from this, the
changes in the administration and the removal of the PPE malfunctioning processes can be easily
made (Parks, 2009). About all the nurses are targeted by all the targeted hospitals present in
Australia. The changes in the process of gathering data will enable to remove the malfunctioning
of the PPE equipments. The data collection processes will enable the researcher to make the
enhancement in the analysis process.
Critique
Almost 90% of studies suggested that the healthcare workers are infecting due to the
transmission of the virus from the infected patients. One study report suggested that viral
hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are an issue. Because, according to the study, VHF can be affected by
the virus of the infected patients. Some of the studies reported that virus transmission depended
on the polymerase chain reaction, symptoms and serology for healthcare workers (Den Boon et
al., 2018). The requirement for PPE is considered to be examined based on the person who is
considered to be competent to analyze and judge the method of risk related control. It can offer
better protection and safety and health for the particular provision of proper. Professional advice
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is considered to be mandatory and essential which help to identify the most suitable type of the
PPE for the overall task which is required to be carried out in a properly controlled manner.
Training is necessary to be provided to the supervisor and the employees, which help them to
enable to ensure the proper selection, cleaning maintenance of PPE along with proper usage.
Supervision and key enforcement is required to be assisted according to the PPE policy. Suitable
PPE is considered to be provided for several visitors who may be considered to be exposed to the
key hazardous in the workplace (Haugen & Musser, 2012).
The limitations are depicted to be dependent on the labor department for the purpose of raising
the cause of discomfort in wearing. It is leading to the development of the perspiration problem
or limiting the mobility as well as the visibility to the promotional program. The documentation
is carried out in the form of the safety manual which is identified to be including the procedures.
At the time of the emergency, the lack of implementing the PPE is raising the development of the
limitations by which the inappropriate development of the training processes is seen. The
prohibition of the processes related to the occupational safety and the health processes are
indicating a limiting factor which is raised during the period of emergency (Miller, 2011).
Conclusion
As mentioned in this study, it is important for both the employer as well as employees to work in
a combined way in order to safeguard the work environment. Occupational health and safety
must not be merely a sideline as the problem for service delivery (Boone, 2014). Wellbeing and
health of workers are acknowledged as the significant aspect for employee's job satisfaction and
their motivation. This could influence their retention as well as their productivity in the
organization. Safety of employees also influences the quality of concern. The priority should be
giving care to the caregiver must be the concerned area of the health system. Multi-stakeholder
initiatives, which comprise national advocacy policy, a global principle with the participation of
professional health facilities that could help organizational health and safety, risk mitigation
programs in order to remove the gaps. The approach of protective clothing and equipment
represents a vital means for introducing organizational health and safety policies into practice
(Hunnicutt, 2010).
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