Exploring Psychological Theories in Healthcare: A Case Study Report

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Psychological Approaches to Care
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
Introduction
The study is entirely based on the demonstration of knowledge based on the main
stages and steps of human development. A case scenario has also been provided
along with the study that has represented different behavioral patterns of the
representatives. Moreover, the study also includes some of the critical information and
data related to the advice of the health and social care practitioners, those who have the
ability to support, guide and advice the representatives for developing their health and
services in the near future (Thirthalli et al. 2016).
It can be further noted that there are some of the critical stages of human development,
which includes the infancy, childhood adolescence and adulthood stages. The infancy is
the first stage of human development, where physical development occurs, and they
gain control over the body in this stage. Later in the stage of childhood, the children
start developing their core sense of freedom and independence. In this stage of human
development, every child learns to take their own decision, and they decide on their own
actions and consequences. The third stage of human development is the adolescence,
where the young men and women eagerly find for their own significance and the identity
in the society. In this stage, many young populations of society get inclined towards
their new hobbies and fascinations.
The next stage of human development is adulthood when people face more challenges
with the external market scenario, and they take additional. In early adulthood, it can be
further observed that there involves some of the physical changes in the body of the
adults and they also go through some of the emotional development and upbringings. In
the last stage of the human development, the people become very old, and they lose all
the physical and mental strength, and they depend entirely on their sons and daughters
for passing each and every day of the life (Resnick et al. 2018).
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Discussion
Stages of the human development: In this particular case study, it can be observed
that Dave is one of the individuals taken from the case study, who is the father of
Chantelle and the husband of Jenny. He is in the adulthood stage of human
development, and he has a family. From the given scenario, it can be understood that
Dave is a very responsible person, and he really cares for his family. On the other hand,
it can be observed that not only he loves her wife and daughter; he also loves her old
mother, who is admitted to the hospital. He then tried to bring her back in the home but
doubted whether there would be any problems or not (Stinson et al. 2016).
Moreover, it can be observed that Dave has no regret about his marriage that happened
in a very faster manner and he also did not like the argument in between the husbands
and wives, which he was quite familiar from the very childhood days. However, it can be
noted that Dave has worked for 20 years as a builder and now he is facing a back
injury (Petrak et al. 2015).
On the other hand, the second individual selected from the case study is the Rosie, who
is the mother of the Dave and she has been admitted in a hospital as she is suffering
from Parkinson disease for the past three years. It can be further realized that Rosie is
in the lasts stage of the human development as she has become much old and she has
also been struggling for her personal hygiene and in getting regular meals from the care
home. Moreover, it can be observed that the medical staffs and the nurses are also
much concerned about the physical and mental condition of the Rosie and it has been
discovered that one day Rosie was given overdose medication by a nurse and that is
why she fell ill (Turk and Gatchel 2018).
However, it can be further observed that the mental condition of the Rosie is very
stubborn in this stage and she is not willing to burden her son, Dave. That is why she
has expressed her feelings that she would stay in the care home until her death. She
has also felt that the doctors and the medical staffs will understand his mental condition
and will keep her in the care home until her last breath (Stinson et al. 2016).
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Knowledge and values applicable to human development: Under this section, the
critical understanding and benefits of human development are distinguished below:
Cognitive Socio-Emotional
The cognitive is one of the essential
knowledge and values applicable to
human development. The value includes
the creativity and intellectual development
of the human development. This
knowledge and values develop in the
adulthood stage of human development.
The correct implementation of the plans
and the right course of understanding of
the surroundings develop with these
values and knowledge of human
development. Dave is in the adulthood
stage and the cognitive values and
knowledge development in this stage only.
The social-emotional values and
knowledge of human development happen
in the last stage of life or in the old days of
any human being. Controlling and the
basic understanding of the emotions and
the core interaction for developing a
particular relationship happen in this stage
of life. Thus it can be further understood
that Rosie is in the old stage of her life,
and with the help of the socio-emotional
values and knowledge, she thought that
she will not burden her son's life and will
stay in the care home till her last breath.
Table 1: Distinguishing between the knowledge and values applicable to human
development
(Source: Davison et al. 2018)
Psychological impact: It can be observed from the study that there are a number of
psychological impacts that are faced by the individuals at the time of severe crisis and
also in the time of the ill health in the last stages of the life. The psychological impacts
are described below.
Life stress, depression and the anxiety: Due to the high crisis and the severe
illness of the individuals it can be observed that many individuals have faced
depressions, anxiety and life stresses in the middle of their work procedures. The
stressful life cycle of the individuals also causes major medical troubles and
illnesses and then the individuals are sent for the psychiatric admissions for
recovering their mental state. In the case of Dave, he has a lot of problems in his
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life and also he is suffering from back pain after working as a builder for the last
20 years. Thus it can be observed that he is in a very crucial stage and he needs
proper psychiatric treatments for curing within a restricted time frame. On the
other hand, it can be realized that Dave had a marriage problem in the past and
her mother is also severely ill and is admitted in a care home. In this case, he is
not able to take her mother back to home due to some of the family issues and
that created heavy mental stress on the minds of Dave (Linde et al. 2015).
Acute Stress Disorder (ASD): It is one of the crucial psychological impacts that
has been experienced by a number of individuals, who are going under extreme
pressure and stress in their work life or by staying in the family. The disease is
popularly known as the Trauma, which happens mainly due to fear of pressure
and after taking a lot of social responsibility in the family. It can be previously
observed that Rosie, who is now 76 years of age is now traumatized to some
extent and that is why she has not expressed any of her feelings to visit son's
house and to live together with his family again (Stinson et al. 2016).
On the other hand, Rosie continually thought that she would be a burden in his
son's family. The psychological impacts can cause suicide or even the death of
an individual. In this case, it can be further observed that Rosie had an unhappy
married life and she and her husband used to quarrel every day. That is why she
fears that is she will go at her son's house, her daughter-in-law will not like this,
and the same type of quarrel will be back in her son’s house (Humphris et al.
2016).
Involvement of the theories: In the case study, it can be recognized that there are
more involvement of the theories which are appropriate with the individuals taken from
the study.
Child development theories: child developmental theories have been one of
the critical theories that are much focused on explaining the changing behavioral
attitudes of the child in the childhood stage of human development. The Child
development theories also support the vital aspects like the social, cognitive and
emotional feelings that increase the standard with the help of the varied and rich
subjects. With the help of the Child development theories, Dave also should learn
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
about the different aspects, and he should inject all the functional characteristics
of the theories into his daughter and son (Ostaszkiewicz et al. 2015).
Humanistic theory: On the other hand, it can be recognized that the e
Humanistic theory is one of the most important theories and a specialized
approach that emphasizes and enhances the level of empathy in the human
mind. In the case of Dave, the Humanistic theory is much appropriate, and the
theory also draws out good characteristics from the individual. With the help of
the Humanistic theory, the psychiatrists improve and increase the self-
actualization skills and self-image of the individuals, which helps the individuals
to stay much stress-free and relaxed in their course of work. Dave should take
the advice of the Humanistic theory for his further progress in life.
Systems theory: It can be further observed that the Systems theory is one of the
most significant theories that state the aspects of the interdisciplinary theories
about the complex behavioral nature of human beings. The psychologists and
the doctors use these theories to the old people like Rosie, who have attended
their last stage of her life. In this stage, human beings experience complex ideas
and feelings. It can be observed that Rosie is very stubborn in this stage and she
is not willing to burden her son, Dave. That is why she has expressed her
feelings that she would stay in the care home until her death. She has also felt
that the doctors and the medical staffs will understand his mental condition and
will keep her in the care home until her last breath (Mills et al. 2016).
Theories of adolescence: The Theories of adolescence is one of the most significant
field theories, which is a blend of the biological, social and cognitive forces. From the
Theories of adolescence, it can be understood that changes in the puberty stages and
the changes in the stages of the adolescent are very significant. Thus, it can be further
recognized that emotional stability is also measured with the help of the biological and
social stigmas of human beings (Stinson et al. 2016).
Psychodynamic theory: The Psychodynamic theory is another significant
theory that explains each of the personality terms with the help of the
unconscious and the conscious forces. It can be realized that Dave should follow
the rules and regulations of the Psychodynamic theory, which defines the desires
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
and beliefs of the unconscious forces explicitly. On the other hand, it can be
understood that Dave should inject the Psychodynamic theory in his daughter
and son because it holds the core experiences of childhood and helps in shaping
up the personality (Stinson et al. 2016).
Social learning and behavioral theories: Social learning and behavioral
theories are one of the learning theories that help an individual to propose new
behaviors by imitating and observing others. With the help of the vicarious
reinforcement process, the Social learning and behavioral theories help many
individuals to change their behavioral features and also motivates in doing
positive things in the life (Chew et al. 2018).
Contemporary issues and their impact on human behavior: It can be further
observed that the stress, loss, child abuse are the core contemporary issues, that
affects and hugely impacts on human behavior. In case of the stress, loss, child abuse
and substance misuse, human beings often feel distressed and many diseases like
depressions, anxiety occurs in the life of the human beings and thus some o the
individuals also commit suicide as they become exhausted in fighting with daily
pressure, tension and stress in the working sphere as well as in the family. In the case
of Dave, he has a lot of problems in his life and also he is suffering from back pain after
working as a builder for the last twenty years. Thus it can be observed that he is in a
very crucial stage and he needs proper psychiatric treatments for curing within a
restricted time frame. He also had a problem at the time of his marriage (Stinson et al.
2016).
Suggestions regarding the health and social care practitioners: There are few
essential suggestions of the health, and social care practitioners for the development of
the mental state of the individuals are described below.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
Stage 1: Gathering adequate data for the development of the valued policies:
Collecting information of the mental health needs and the present mental health
system is the first stage for developing the mental state of the individuals ( Barlow
2016).
Stage 2: Gathering requisite pieces of evidence for the practical procedures and
policies: Evaluating and visiting local service stations and also reviewing the
international and journals of the mental health conditions is one of the critical
stages for developing mental health of the individuals like Dave and Rosie
(Roussin et al. 2018).
Stage 3: Negotiation and Consultation: According to the health and social care
practitioners, the care homes need to gather national and international
experiences and references before developing the mental health conditions of
the individuals (Newton and Asimakopoulou 2015).
Stage 4: Defining the objectives, values, principles and visions: It can be further
observed that the health and social care practitioners define the exact
requirements, principles, visions and values to the people with a mental health
condition for enhancing their mental condition (Hansen and Ghafoori 2017)
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Conclusion
From the above study, it can be concluded that diverse techniques and theories are
being applied for describing and determining the core mental issues and state of mind
of Dave and his mother, Rosie. The condition of the individuals has been explained the
future effects of the mental condition have also been discussed in the study. In the last
part of the study, the suggestions of the health and social care practitioners have been
defined with the help of different stages, and that has also increased the merit of the
study.
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