Exploring the Psychological and Physical Impact of Type II Diabetes

This dissertation explores the psychological and physical impacts of Type II diabetes, focusing on the challenges faced by individuals, particularly women in the UK, in managing the condition. It examines the role of psychological factors, such as depression and Type D personality, and physical factors, including insulin resistance and associated health complications. The research investigates the effectiveness of current management strategies, including lifestyle interventions and medication, and considers the application of normalization process theory to improve the implementation of self-management practices. The study also addresses the socioeconomic impact of diabetes, highlighting the financial burden on both individuals and healthcare systems. Ultimately, the dissertation aims to provide insights into the complexities of Type II diabetes management and offer recommendations for improving patient outcomes and healthcare delivery.

Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
Title of the Research - The Psychological
and Physical impact of type two diabetes
Name of the student -
Name of the supervisor -
A statement about partial fulfillment -
Submission date -
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Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
Acknowledgment
I would like to show my gratefulness to my supervisors and thanks for their patience.
Special thanks to the professor to select me for support and additional thanks to my mentor and
colleagues for their unconditional support, motivation, and inspiration from day one.
To my friends and family members, I show my gratitude for all for their unconditional help with
endless discussion about diabetes and theories.
Dedication
I dedicate this thesis has completely written by me with the best of my knowledge and research.
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Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
Abstract
The title of the thesis is the physical and psychological impacts of type II diabetes.
The research questions help to identify the barriers to people with type II diabetes. The questions
assess the effectiveness of the normalization process in ordinary lives.
The national healthcare is Type II diabetes, and different tools are important to meet the
situation. It involves health rules such as the increase in physical exercise, etc.
The normalization process theory will be covered in the assignment.
Different methods, results, and discussion followed with the conclusions of research will be
discussed.
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Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
Table of Contents
Acknowledgment.........................................................................................................................................2
Dedication...................................................................................................................................................2
Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................3
Chapter 1. Introduction of the research......................................................................................................6
1.0. Introduction to chapter...............................................................................................................6
1.1. Operational definition.................................................................................................................6
1.2 Background to the problem...............................................................................................................6
1.3 Statement of the problem.................................................................................................................6
1.4 Research questions............................................................................................................................7
1.4.1 Broad question...........................................................................................................................7
1.4.2. Narrow questions......................................................................................................................7
1.5 Justification of the research...............................................................................................................7
1.6 Significance of the research...............................................................................................................7
1.7 Summary of chapter..........................................................................................................................7
Chapter 2. Literature Review.......................................................................................................................7
2.0. Introduction......................................................................................................................................7
2.1. The broad literature on the topic.....................................................................................................8
2.2. Theoretical framework.....................................................................................................................8
2.3. Conceptual framework...................................................................................................................11
2.4. Gaps in literature............................................................................................................................11
2.5. Summary.........................................................................................................................................11
Chapter 3. Research Methodology...........................................................................................................12
3.0. Introduction to chapter..................................................................................................................12
3.1. Philosophical aspects of the research.............................................................................................12
3.2. Data collection................................................................................................................................12
3.3 Data sources....................................................................................................................................12
3.5 Inclusion and exclusion criteria........................................................................................................12
3.6 Data analysis....................................................................................................................................13
3.7 Data summary table of journal articles............................................................................................13
3.8 Research ethics................................................................................................................................13
3.9 Limitations of the research..............................................................................................................13
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Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
3.10 Summary of chapter......................................................................................................................13
Chapter 4: Results.....................................................................................................................................14
4.0 Introduction to chapter...................................................................................................................14
4.1 Summary table of results.................................................................................................................14
4.2 Result for question one...................................................................................................................14
4.3 Result for question two...................................................................................................................14
4.4 Result for question three.................................................................................................................14
4.6 Summary of chapter........................................................................................................................15
Chapter 5. Discussion...............................................................................................................................15
5.1 Introduction to chapter...................................................................................................................15
5.2 Discussion of results........................................................................................................................15
5.3 Discussion of results........................................................................................................................15
5.4 Discussion of results........................................................................................................................15
5.5 Summary of chapter........................................................................................................................15
Chapter 6. Conclusions and Recommendations.......................................................................................16
6.0 Introduction to chapter...................................................................................................................16
6.1 Conclusions......................................................................................................................................16
6.2 Recommendations...........................................................................................................................16
6.3 Summary of chapter........................................................................................................................16
References.................................................................................................................................................17
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Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
Chapter 1. Introduction of the research
1.0. Introduction to the chapter
Regarding the development and the development of biomedical and social science in health care,
health psychology plays an important role. The psychological theories help in educating about
health and promotion and provide the structured as well as functional approach to know the
needs of health. The health psychology approaches help to deal with the practitioners regarding
developing the involvement to deal with the practice of health care. The psychology of health is
based on intrinsic factors, and the behavior of health is important. The health behavior is learned
by psychologists are different and type II diabetes called as non-insulin based diabetes mellitus,
and it is a serious illness. This is chronic in behavior and has no cure. It also causes death in the
developed nations.
1.1. Operational definition
Diabetes needs insulin which has a significant chance to develop the depression, and it works
differently. With the chronic disease, it has high potential to create side effects, and this increases
stress, anxiety as well as depression. Diabetes has high effects on physical and mental well-being
regarding blood sugar that might lead to death. Depression is viewed in people with long-term
situations, and the challenge of dementia occurs with age.
1.2 Background to the problem
The mental and physical situation is based on different parameters. These factors are divided into
the social, economic and physical environment such as income, emotion, and well-being. This
examines the problem of health and potential illness based on psychological factors. It is
developed that individuals have a high amount of socioeconomic as well as health inequalities.
There is strong evidence that health inequalities can be a part of healthcare provision. Diabetes is
a metabolic disorder that is based on poor regulated blood glucose, and it can be increased with
the insulin secretion. The increased level of glucose can be managed with diet and exercise. The
type II diabetes will need proper interventions and hypoglycemic drugs to enhance the
production of insulin. Multimorbidity is common with type II diabetes, and the most important
situations involve hypertension which is about 82.1% and obesity in 78.2%.
1.3 Statement of the problem
The type II diabetes is a common diabetes mellitus and is based on the insulin resistance. In type
II diabetes, the body can create insulin at different levels. It cannot work for the long-term as it
needs glucose regarding fat deposits in the cells. This remains high and develops more insulin to
decrease glucose. These are the major implications and are the biggest priority for public health.
There are challenges to measure diabetes reasons and the impact of diabetes on health causing
death and heart disease, stroke, renal failure, etc. TIIDM is often assisted with insulin
medication. The body develops inherent insulin resistance which leads to impaired physiological
functions. TIIDM is often coupled with other health complications such as renal failure, cardiac
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Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
complications, and hypertension (Stanton and Reaburn 2014). Type II diabetes is characterized
by the insulin resistance, and it is the common diabetes form in women in the UK. Type II
diabetes has strong genetic and it is dealt with lifestyle factors involving obesity and exercise.
This is protected regarding the volume of people. Type II diabetes is controlled through a healthy
diet and weight loss and physical tasks. Most of the people need medication, and it involves
insulin treatment. Pre-diabetes impact nearly 1 in 6 adults. Pre-diabetes is an approach where
with the high amount of glucose compared to the normal. There are different situations that meet
the category such as fasting glucose and individuals with pre-diabetes are at high issues to
develop the type II diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The pre-diabetes include
the changes of the same lifestyle recommended for people with type II diabetes. (Coronado et al.
2004)
Notwithstanding mental factors, identity factors rise as potential helplessness factor for
antagonistic wellbeing results. Type D identity alludes to the mix of negative affectivity
(propensity to encounter negative feelings) and social hindrance (inclination to hinder self-
articulation). The Type D or 'troubled' identity has been identified with weakness status,
dreariness and mortality in cardiovascular sickness, albeit negative discoveries, have likewise
been accounted for. One potential component through which Type D may apply a negative
impact on wellbeing is problematic self-care conduct. Likewise, natural instruments like a
broken HPA-pivot, expanded pulse, and circulatory strain have been proposed. In any case, as far
as anyone is a concerned couple of studies have investigated the potential conduct and organic
systems that may connect Type D with unfavorable wellbeing results in people with sort two
diabetes.
1.4 Research questions
1.4.1 Broad question
Q1. What are the effects and risks of drugs for diabetes?
Q2. According to you, what are the physical and psychological factors that create Type II
diabetes?
1.4.2. Narrow questions
Q1. Does a sample of people residing in women in the UK face challenges with the execution of
his or her management goals?
Q2. Does the theory of normalization describe the process that helps to implement the
management practices by individuals?
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Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
1.5 Justification of the research
The research was segmented into different phases such as data collection, research development,
and evaluation. The research fits into deeper focus with the help of semi-structured interviews.
(Calabrese et al. 2003)
1.6 Importance of the research
The research will help to explain the implementation process as well as challenges to manage
type II diabetes among women in the UK. The theory of normalization will be helpful for the
process of innovation in healthcare systems. Thus, it aims to deal with the useful theory in this
context. The embed as well as practice helps to achieve the accurate communication and designs
a practice of belief as well as behaviors. (Brooks et al. 2000)
1.7 Summary of the chapter
This section discussed the terms associated with diabetes and the problems had been covered in
this section based on diabetes. The research questions have been designed following with the
justification as well as the significance. Thus, the chapter summary has been included in the first
section. (Broom & Whittaker 2004)
Chapter 2. Literature Review
2.0. Introduction
The goal of the assessment is to define the challenges related to the self-management in category
II diabetes by examining the examinations based in the field. There is a strong approach that
helps to examine the challenges associated with type II diabetes. To make the literature more
manageable, the method is followed, and diabetes is a worldwide healthcare concern. Different
practices of management can help such as self-management practices and physical activities.
(Bryman 2001)
2.1. The broad literature on the topic
The topic has been described that diabetes is a national concern for health. Research and
development will be involved in the research, and original studies will refer to type II diabetes.
There were no limits on the reviews; the self-management takes place to deal with the socialized
healthcare. (Dussart 2009)
2.2. Theoretical framework
The theory of planned behavior defines the state that behavioral intention is formed by attitudes
and behaviors through social norms. This influences the behavior and the theory of planned
behavior, as well as practices, were explained by attitudes as well as control. It is hard to know
that a strong attitude occurs from an active person on the first side and they do not meet the
negative impacts while implementing the exercise into daily life. The research also found that
women in the UK do not exercise which is the major barrier. (Doyle et al. 2012)
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Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
The type II diabetes enhances with age, and the risk to develop the situation in the country is
larger than 10%. Diabetes based issues can hamper the individual along with the family
members, and it is very expensive for the patient. It has been examined that the living cost of
patients with diabetes issues involve work time, costs, etc. As per the research, the cost to treat
someone with type II diabetes include challenges and it also has challenges regarding the
financial pressure of managing and dealing with the use as well as the situation of the resources.
Thus, it has been observed that the amount to treat diabetes increases about 9% of NHS annual
amount and it is used to deal with the issues for long-term like kidney failure, blindness, etc.
(Brown et al. 2007)
Psychological theories and models have a long history to change the behavior and to enhance the
emotional well-being. The research aims to develop the implications for a person suffering from
type II diabetes. Type II diabetes is created with the result of a decreased level of insulin, and it
does not have biological impacts. It can be managed by diet as well as exercise, and most of the
patients need oral hypoglycemic to manage the control and to store the challenges of diabetes. To
decrease the challenges, type II diabetes require individualized education and information and
the information is related to lifestyle changes such as healthy food, activities, etc. (May 2006)
The primary points of diabetes care in kids and teenagers are to accomplish ideal glycaemic
control, typical psychosocial advancement, and support for the youngster and family to help
create methodologies to adapt to a lifetime of diabetes. Rapid natural changes are happening
amid this day and age, alongside figuring out how to deal with a constant sickness put youths in
danger for poor metabolic control and life alteration difficulties. Positive mental attributes, for
example, confidence, positive effect, appreciation, and related builds may assume a vital job in
wellbeing. In patients with sort two diabetes (T2D), positive mental builds have been related to
predominant restorative results, including better glucose control and lower death rates. The
useful impacts of positive mental states in T2D are in all probability interceded through
wellbeing practices, for example, expanded physical action and adherence to a more beneficial
eating regimen.
Moreover, various investigations with non-diabetic populaces have demonstrated that performing
different positive mental activities (e.g., composing appreciation letters, performing
demonstrations of generosity) have prompted more noteworthy prosperity. Contrasted with other
accessible medicines, these exercises are straightforward and include builds that have been
related to predominant adherence and diabetes-related results. In any case, there has been
insignificant research on the utilization of positive mental intercessions in T2D. However, little
investigations of related medications have been connected to upgrades in positive effect and, at
times, more noteworthy wellbeing conduct adherence and lower glucose. Proceeded with work is
expected to find out whether positive brain research intercessions can genuinely affect working,
glucose, and general wellbeing in this key populace.
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Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
There are people who follow the diagnosis of diabetes and to manage the lifestyle; it could be
difficult. Changes will be important for the food type and the amount to eat their meals. Diabetes
has a high risk on the career of women and challenging holidays, work or travel might be
unlimited without support as well as cooperation. People who care for others regarding children
might be hard to develop at first. It is a chronic situation that impacts the entire body. The
diabetics who eat glucose in case of foods like bread, cereals, fruits, and milk; it cannot be
transferred into energy. If there is a high amount of blood sugar, it impacts the heart, eyes,
kidneys and other major parts of the body. Diabetic’s people are not known about the disease and
health risks. Diabetes is common in women in the UK and around the globe. (Hawthorne 2001)
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an undeniably regular endless malady, besetting an expected 171
million people with sort 2 diabetes in 2000 to 366 million out of 2030. People with sort 2
diabetes are at higher hazard to create miniaturized scale and microvascular intricacies and have
higher death rates. As commented by Misery is a regular co-dismal condition in people with sort
2 diabetes. Two meta-examinations report that sorrow is twice as regular in sort 2 diabetes
contrasted with people without diabetes.
Interestingly, little is thought about the danger of different types of trouble, for instance, those
that are identified with uneasiness. Uneasiness often co-happens with burdensome manifestations
and subsequently has all the earmarks of being regular in sort 2 diabetes. Like gloom,
nervousness issue commonly has an interminable and intermittent life course, and raised tension
side effects and analyzed uneasiness issue in sort 2 diabetes have been related with diminished
personal satisfaction, poor glycemic control, and diabetes entanglements. However, the
relationship between sort 2 diabetes and tension has not been concentrated widely. The
components fundamental this affiliation may demonstrate similitudes with those of sorrow as
nervousness is related with deregulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) hub, yet
additionally, the way of life factors, for example, dietary conduct, physical idleness, and
heftiness might be pertinent.
Mental prosperity is itself an imperative objective of therapeutic consideration, and psychosocial
factors are important to about all parts of diabetes administration. Being determined to have
diabetes forces a deep-rooted mental weight on the individual and his/her family. Poor mental
working causes enduring can genuinely meddle with day by day diabetes self-administration and
is related to poor therapeutic results and high. Observing for mental prosperity, distinguishing
mental issues, and talking about and treating this aspect of sickness ought to enhance clinical
results. Intricacies of diabetes importantly affect patient's mental wellbeing. Information of long-
haul intricacies might terrify for patients. Indeed, even a minor variation from the norm without
genuine ramifications can be irritating. Building up a confusion, for example, nephropathy or
visual hindrance might pulverize. The mental prosperity of diabetic patients was observed to be
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Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
significantly poorer than that of those without diabetes, however superior to that of those with
angina and stroke, two vital entanglements of diabetes.
Patients may respond firmly and in unforeseen ways. Extraordinary annoyance might be
coordinated at the doctor or establishment. Such displeasure more often than not reflects more
profound feelings, including trepidation of since quite a while ago foreseen issues and blame
about not being consistent. Tuning in to the outflows of resentment, getting some information
about different stresses, and clarifying what new clinical complexities and their sequelae mean
and what should be possible can help quiet the patient t's basic feelings of trepidation. Diabetes
can influence physical well-being in different ways. The most famous is the improvement of
long-haul intricacies and their cons arrangements. At the point when patients endure visual
hindrance, heart issues, end organize renal infection, feebleness or fringe neuropathy bringing
about endless agony or far and away more terrible a removal, there is probably going to be a
significant drop in seen personal satisfaction. The patient will be less diabetes is a noteworthy
weight of physical handicap in grown-ups and that these inabilities may generously debilitate
their satisfaction. They discovered that coronary illness was the real donor for incapacity, with
stroke particularly affecting men. Then again, heftiness was likewise a vital factor, overall
influencing ladies. Loss of lower limit physical working was likewise a vital supporter of
diminished personal satisfaction. (Gazmararian et al. 2009)
Type 1 diabetes –
Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas is not able to focus on the insulin depending on
sustainability. It focuses on 10 – 15 percent of diabetes and it is the common illness of chronic in
developed countries. Example of type 1 diabetes increases at about three percent and some
people have the genetic predisposition that destroys the insulin based cells in the pancreas. The
symptom is quick, and it involves high thirst and urination. With the daily injections of insulin,
type 1 diabetes creates dangerous chemicals and materials from the burning of fat. It results from
the reduction in the autoimmune pancreatic cells and the insulin production. With the impairment
of own production of insulin, the infusion of insulin is important for survival. People who have
diabetes need to organize to monitor the level of blood glucose. Type 1 diabetes can be created at
any age, and it is the common chronic diseases amongst children. (Fagerli et al. 2005)
Type II diabetes –
Type II diabetes is developed with the control of insulin and secretion; it is different from type 1
diabetes but is not caused by the immune system of the body. It is the common diabetes form
that involves more than 80% of the total amount of people with the situation in the UK. Type II
diabetes has a strong pre-disposition, and it holds the genes to type II diabetes. It has the
potential to protect the disease to develop the positive and long-term changes to lifestyle to
ignore the growth as well as development. This could be important to develop type II diabetes
when there is a high amount of blood pressure and have a high fat and sugar level. (Gazmararian
et al. 2009)
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Title: The Impacts of type II diabetes
The challenges to develop type II diabetes enhances with age because women gain weight and
exercise less as they become older. To manage the healthy weight with a balanced diet help to
assist the management and protection of type II diabetes. Genetics is the risk parameters for type
II diabetes. The symptoms are slow, and it involves blurred vision and nausea. It is managed
with healthy eating and regular physical tasks. Most of the time, people with type II diabetes
require tablets as well as insulin. (Davis et al. 2006)
Type II diabetes is characterized by the insulin resistance, and it is the common diabetes form in
women in the UK. Type II diabetes has strong genetic and it is dealt with lifestyle factors
involving obesity and exercise. This is protected regarding the volume of people. Type II
diabetes is controlled through a healthy diet and weight loss and physical tasks. Most of the
people need medication, and it involves insulin treatment. Pre-diabetes impact nearly 1 in 6
adults. Pre-diabetes is an approach where with the high amount of glucose compared to the
normal. There are different situations that meet the category such as fasting glucose and
individuals with pre-diabetes are at high issues to develop the type II diabetes increases the risk
of cardiovascular disease. The pre-diabetes include the changes of the same lifestyle
recommended for people with type II diabetes. (Coronado et al. 2004)
As per the research, women in the UK with diabetes in high areas are likely to measure the body
check up and deal with the high risks of creating issues like heart diseases, kidney failure, and
stroke. High-quality care is required across the nation and regardless of socio-economic factors.
Due to these challenges, people might turn to cheaper food levels, and the labeling needs to be
effective that should allow people to develop the best choices about the eating habits of women
in the UK.
Psychological distress and negative disorders are common in patients with type II diabetes.
Psychological states might impact the behavior of health and clinical results in patients. Negative
psychological syndromes like anxiety and depression have been based on poor results in patients.
For example, depression is related to the impaired glucose level, functional disability, and
distress with low levels of treatment. Positive psychological characteristics such as positive
impact and it played an important approach in medical results. These constructs are not
dependent on depression, and it increases physical task and lowers mortality rates in medical
situations. The psychological constructs and health have been based on socio-demographic
parameters. (Mellin & Wandel 2005)
The positive psychological approach has been developed with different outcomes. Regarding
psychological well-being and the satisfaction of life, positive parameters are based on superior
outcomes. It is related to the low level of mortality among the type II diabetes. Whether the
psychological well-being is positive or inherent, it helps to improve the wellbeing of the
psychology. The positive psychology interventions focus on exercises, and it is developed in a
systematic manner to deal with the optimism. This also increases well-being and decreases
depression. It has important benefits to deal with the plans and is designed to enhance positive
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