Psychological Theories: Behavior Disturbances and Stress Management

This report delves into the intricate relationship between psychological theories and behavioral disturbances, focusing on a case study of an older individual named Sam facing work-related stress and financial anxieties. It explores various psychological theories, including Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development and Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), to understand the impact of stress on mental health. The report defines mental disorders like phobias and schizophrenia, and examines the causes of stress, such as financial obligations and job insecurity, and the application of psychological theories in managing elevated stress levels. It also compares psychological theories with stress management techniques, emphasizing methods like exercise, meditation, and social support. The report highlights the importance of understanding the internal state of an individual and adopting effective stress management strategies for mental well-being, particularly in the context of an aging workforce and economic uncertainties.

PSYCHOLOGY IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
Application of psychological theories in relation to elevated levels of
stress: The psychological theories have various stages of human
development due to different age level of an individual in which
development takes place in differentiated manner. There are different
types of problem generate in lives of people which impacts on their
mind set and results into stress or depression. According to case
scenario, Sam is old enough due to having age of 65 years in which an
individual’s become physically weak and not able to work hard so that
he is struggling to cope with demands of his work life. However, it is
possible for him to start work early morning and he is not completing
his target at work place. Moreover, his quality of his productivity is
deteriorating and last two performance appraisals show that he has failed
to benchmarks connected with key performance indicators.
Stress and stress management – The stress can be described as a
situation of feeling experienced when a person perceives that “demands
exceed the personal and social resources which an individual is capable
to mobilise. The stress management refers to utilise appropriate theory
or approach in order to reduce excess level of stress which facilitate to
make an Sam mentally wellbeing.
Types of stress - This involves acute stress which is commonly found in
people in order to deal with past and future aspects whereas chronic
stress is severe which may lead to memory loss, damage spatial
recognition and produce a reduced drive of eating.
Causes of stress – There are several causes of stress including divorce,
loss of job, death of loved one, increase of financial obligations, chronic
injury or illness and emotional problems like depression, anxiety, anger,
grief, guilt, low self-esteem. In case Sam, cause of stress is increase in
financial obligations and future problems due to loss of job.
Selye theory of General Adaption Syndrome(GAS)
Alarm stage – This involves that the stressor upsets homoeostasis or
cellular balance.
Resistance stage – In this stage, the body of an individual flights back
by adjusting to stress.
Exhaustion stage – The final stage refers that rest permits enhanced
adaptation i.e. no rest is equal to over training, injury and lack of
adaptation.
Psychological ways of managing stress – This involves several
psychological ways like exercise, smile & laugh, get social support,
meditate and take a breath from the stressor.
Psychological theories versus Stress Management: The psychological
theories are helpful to analyse actual internal state of an individual like
motivation, problem solving, decision making, thinking and attention.
However, few of psychological theories are helpful to solve relevant
health problems of people including stress, depression, anxiety and so
on. On the other hand, stress management refers to techniques of
managing stress level by breathing exercise, meditation, adopting
positive attitude, altering regular diet, conflict resolution etc.
In addition to this, he is not able to elaborate his working hours for
completing target productivity on regular basis so that it may impacts
negatively on his compensation. He is worried about his financial
condition and his stress get improved due to thinking about negative
effects of Brexit on economy. In context of this case, the Erik Erikson’s
Stages of Psychosocial Development whose final stage is applicable for
Sam.
Relation of psychological theories to behaviour disturbances:
Psychological theories indicate about level of mental
development in different stages of lives so that they become
capable to understand concepts and then elaborate their
knowledge and logical thinking standards. It includes the criteria
of developing ability to feel, think and react in different situations
of life in positive or negative manner. In context to psychological
theories, it indicates the learning of infants from their birth and
increase the level of the same along with increasing age of an
individual. As per case study, Sam is in the stage of old age in
which a person become physically weak so that they are not able
to perform duties of tough job. However, it involves that he wants
to overcome with threats of his performance with the help of
completing desired targets in given duration of time but not attain
success. He gets worried about his finance because of near
retirement and expected impact of Brexit on Economy of country.
Mental disorders – This refers to an abnormal behavioural or
mental pattern that cause significant distress or impairment or
personal functioning.
Types of mental disorders
Phobia – This is a kind of anxiety disorder which can be
described by persistent and excessive fear of object or situation. It
is of several types including agoraphobia, social phobia,
glossophobia, Acrophobia, Claustrophobia, Aviophobia and many
more.
Schizophrenia – In this mental problem, people experience
delusions, hallucinations and other cognitive difficulties. It
involves symptoms including lack of motivation, poor expression
of awareness, social withdrawal, unawareness of illness etc.
Different psychological theories attribute the cause of
schizophrenia
There are different types of psychological theories causing
schizophrenia which are genetic factors, developmental theories,
infectious disease theories, neurochemical theories and stress
theories. Moreover, stress theories are applicable in case of Sam
as he is suffering from high stress due to increase in financial
obligations.
At the other hand, due to his situation at work place and thoughts
about effects of Brexit on economy results into psychologically
disturbed condition of Sam. It is observed by his colleagues that
is attitudes to work get affected due to stress and tends to display
aggressive tendencies accordingly. However, it is also analysed
about change in his behaviour by peers or sub- ordinates and they
want support support him as his situation may impacts negatively
in other areas of his life. In addition to this, Sam generates a habit
of excess intake of alcohol and remain himself isolated from other
people and used to hide behind his tears when not in public.
Moreover, he is not stable psychologically as per his symptoms of
habits in daily routine at work place. His depression of not
overcoming with targets of performance impacts on his mind sets
in terms of disturbing his mental state including his actions of
remaining isolated, heavy drink and hide behind tears.

PSYCHOLOGY IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
Understanding of mental disorders through psychological
theory: Mental health is very important for an individual in order to
remain physically and socially wellbeing. It involves an ability of
people to feel, think and react in proper manner in various situations
of life on daily basis. It is necessary for a person to take different
decision regularly which are favourable for them related to
differentiated aspects of life. However, different types of
psychological disorder are observed in people such as neurosis
including phobias & anxiety disorders, psychosis involving
depression & schizophrenia and eating disorders like anorexia as
well as bulimia. Moreover, different types of mental disorders
include criticality of patient's situation as per cause of the same. The
people face several situations in their lives or due to injury in brains
muscles which impacts on mental state of an individual so that they
behave abnormal. In addition to this, some of mental patients are not
violent but many of patients are highly violent and they harm
themselves or care practitioners in asylums.
Psychodynamic – This helps to analyse personality of an individual
in terms of conscious, unconscious forces including unconscious
desires and beliefs. It will facilitate to evaluate human functioning
based on interactions of drives and forces within those people who
were specifically unconscious to analyse correct mental disorder.
Cognitive – The cognitive learning theory is helpful to explain
mental procedures which get influenced by both external and internal
factors that facilitate a person to learn.
Humanistic – This theory is focus on fundamentally and uniquely
human problems such as self- identity, death, aloneness, freedom and
meaning which facilitate to evaluate mental disorder properly.
According to the given case study, Sam become depressed and
demotivated due to not overcoming with targets at work place. He
worried behaviour about his finance condition along with thought of
negative impacts of Brexit on economy make his condition worst.
However, he start taking excess amount of alcohol and remain
isolated as he feel despair as per Erik Erikson’s Stages of
Psychosocial Development. Moreover, it has been analysed that Sam
is suffering from psychosis i.e. depression due which he avoid social
interaction and hide behind his tears along with heavy drinking habit.
At the other hand, psychosis can be described a situation in which
specific condition effects the mind of an individual same in case of
Sam. It involves several symptoms of psychosis are observed in Sam
such as changes in mood, behaviour and thinking which is analysed
by his colleagues at work place.
Enhance understanding of relationships in health and social care by
psychological theories
The benefit of psychological theory to understand
relationships in health care as it helps to analyse, diagnose and treat
mental disorder in proper manner. It is significant that psychological
principles are helpful to evaluate requirements in different
psychological cases so that they should facilitate to conduct
appropriate treatment procedures for welfare of patient. However, it
is necessary to make an accurate plan of action to deal with mental
patients as per their psychological disorder along with considering
important symptoms. Moreover, it will provide support to understand
about complexity of mental problem in terms of rendering more
effective as well as efficient treatment to them.
According to the case study, Sam is 65 years old man who
is facing problem in work because completing targets and get failed
from last appraisals. The final stage of Erikson psychosocial theory
of development is applied in this scenario as he lost hope and get
demoralised due to not getting success appropriately. His worrying
state about negative impacts due to Brexit and inappropriate
financial condition reduce his mental stability. Principles of
psychology are required to be used for establishing accurate health
care settings for achieving desired outcomes.
Application of psychological principles affecting behaviour change in
health and social care settings
The psychological principles refers to those effective factors
which plays an important role for regulation physical, mental and social
health of an individual. It is required for psychologists to make plan of
action for providing treatment to psychological patients by considering
several elements which are mandatory to make them well being. However, it
is essential for mental health care professionals to set standards of care by
analysing roles of overall psychological principles such as stimulation,
socialisation, identity and control. Initially, stimulation refers to state of an
individual when they are more alert, creative and productive and they are
stimulated by an environment which is interesting varying as well as
changing. Secondly, socialisation include sense of social belonging which
involve gossips, meetings and get together events with society in order to
make identity by increasing belongingness, esteem and success. Thirdly,
identity of an individual which is establish in effective manner by their
occupation, intelligence and success in life among society. Moreover,
principle of control which can be described as stable situation of an person
to fulfil a fundamental need of sense of control in their life.
At the other hand, Sam get demoralised due to his inefficiency to
complete his target as he is 65 years age and it is not possible for him to
work hard. It involves his stressed condition due to which he loose his sense
of stimulation because of that reason his productivity get reduced and he
remain isolated from social people. In addition to this, he also reduce his
capacity to control himself as he starts heavy intake of alcohol and hide
behind his tears as well. Meanwhile, it is analysed that he lost hope in life
and changed behaviour indicates about his internal pain as well as
dissatisfaction. Furthermore, he loose his confidence, financial condition,
worrying for expected impacts of Brexit on economy and get demoralised
due to not getting success in his professionals life. In context of healthcare
settings, it is necessary to analyse overall principles of psychology including
stimulation, socialisation, identity and control while setting techniques and
procedures to solve them by mental health treatments or medications.
Different psychological theories attribute the cause of schizophrenia
There are different types of psychological theories causing schizophrenia
which are genetic factors, developmental theories, infectious disease
theories, neurochemical theories and stress theories. Moreover, stress
theories are applicable in case of Sam as he is suffering from high stress due
to increase in financial obligations.
At the other hand, due to his situation at work place and thoughts about
effects of Brexit on economy results into psychologically disturbed
condition of Sam. It is observed by his colleagues that is attitudes to work
get affected due to stress and tends to display aggressive tendencies
accordingly. However, it is also analysed about change in his behaviour by
peers or sub- ordinates and they want support support him as his situation
may impacts negatively in other areas of his life. In addition to this, Sam
generates a habit of excess intake of alcohol and remain himself isolated
from other people and used to hide behind his tears when not in public.
Moreover, he is not stable psychologically as per his symptoms of habits in
daily routine at work place. His depression of not overcoming with targets of
performance impacts on his mind sets in terms of disturbing his mental state
including his actions of remaining isolated, heavy drink and hide behind
tears.