Psychological Approaches to Neuroenhancement in Contemporary Society

This essay discusses neuroenhancement, a contemporary social issue, through various psychological approaches, focusing on the use of psilocybin to enhance cognitive function and treat mood disorders. It explores cognitive and behavioral psychology perspectives, examining the potential benefits and ethical challenges of using psilocybin for neuroenhancement. The essay references research articles to support its analysis of psilocybin's effects on mood, cognition, and behavior, highlighting its potential to improve quality of life while acknowledging the risks and ethical considerations associated with its use. Desklib offers a platform for students to access similar solved assignments and study resources.

Neuroenhancement

Table of Contents
TITLE..............................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION.............................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

TITLE
To discuss the psychological contribution to understand the neuro-enhancement in contemporary
society.
INTRODUCTION
Neuro-enhancement is one of the contemporary issue which can refers to issue which are
currently affective individual or place and are unresolved. This concern to problem and create
controversy which can related with the cultural environment which also includes the spatial
dimension. Neuro-enhancement refers to use of neuro-science based techniques that can effective
for enhancing the cognitive function of individual and can help in getting action in human brain
along with nervous system, altering in their properties which can help in increasing their
performance (Diamond et. al., (2021)). To reduce the effect and taking control in it, there are
many of the medication available that are effective in nature and can allow to provide better
health impact. Psilocybin is a prodrug which is highly effective and having the use to cure
depression within individual and help to improve the quality of life and livelihood. This drug is
effective and have the impact on treatment of mood disorder which can accompanied by
cognitive dysfunction which also includes cognitive rigidity (Williams et. al., (2019)). Neuro-
enhancement provides an aim to increase the individual cognitive performance that can lead to
stimulate and induce changes within individual brain and their behaviour. There is high
prevalence of use of Psilocybin which is drug that can find in magic mushrooms within England.
In this, there are many body and girls like to consume this, were 0.8 % of body and 0.5 % of girls
who are having age from 11 to 15 like to take magic mushrooms. This compound has the
ideology to reduce the impact of bad mood and help in hallucinogenic effect. Psilocybin refers to
the psychedelic compound which are having efficacy to treated the mood and substance use
disorder. This is also having the effect to reduce the negative mood which can also related with
depression and can help in achieving positive mood. This also reduced the amygdala response
which can negatively affective to stimuli. This essay has the purpose to understand the
contemporary issue which includes the neuro-enhancement and use of Psilocybin. There is
discussion about the psychological perspective of use of Psilocybin with through different
research articles. There is also discussion about describing research and theory on psilocybin
relevant to depression (Mehta et. al., (2019)).

MAIN BODY
Neuro-enhancement or cognitive enhancement can be defined as the targeted enhancement
which can have the extension of affective and cognitive abilities that is base for understanding
neurobiology within individual health and are not having mental illness (Huggins et. al., (2019)).
In this, there is need to encompasses pharmacological along non-pharmacological methods
which can help to improve affective, cognitive and motor functionality. In this, there is need to
take care about the good mood of every individual. Here, to maintain good cognitive ability,
Psilocybin is a drug which is effective and have the potential to reduce the stress and provide
positive impact to decrease the bad mood. This also provide positive aspect to reduce the mood
disorder and can cure it effectively.
There are many theories which can related with the psychology perspective and have
different psychological approaches (Morris et. al., (2018)). This may include cognitive
psychology that is one of the effective approach that allows to provide the impact on individual
and can focus on the mental abilities which includes perceiving, learning, thinking,
remembering, reasoning along with understanding. This psychology based on two different
assumptions which includes the human cognition that can revealed through scientific methods
and includes the mental processes and another one is internal mental processes. This cognitive
approach can lead to prediction of directly compared to human behaviour (Davis et. al., (2020)).
This includes the brain imaging techniques and influence individual for the cognitive
neuroscience. This also includes the human cognition and can related with the nature of
individual mood. There is prodrug which can have high impact on the cognition of individual
and can cure mood disorder. This can have positive impact on the individual mood which can
related to the aspect of individual perspective which are associated with the changing in
behaviour. This drug has the intensity along with duration of effects that are variable and
depends on the species or cultivar of dosage, individual psychology along with set of setting like
experiments (Ferretti et. al., (2018)). This drug has the property to rapidly metabolised to
psilocin which are effective on the brain. This can have impact about 2 to 6 hours which can
influence of psilocybin. This can act on the serotonin receptors within human brain
(Poczwardowski, (2019)).
In this, cognitive approach can be effective and have high impact of using of psilocybin that
are effective and create high impact on the delivery of better and effective response. This can

have related to individual behaviour and impose the use of this medication which provide better
feeling and feel to reduce the bad mood and impose the good mood that enable individual to get
better quality of life. This drug also provides safety and positive effect to treat various medical
condition. This also have high impact on dealing with depression through providing better cure
effect to individual mood (Sattler et. al., (2021)). This can provide positive mood that is highly
effective and allow to ensure about effective learning to achieve the better understanding about
the use of drug to get benefited in area of depression. There is various effect of use of psilocybin
which may include altering perception with time and have intense changes in feeling and mood.
There are some of possible effective of psilocybin that includes the euphoria, peacefulness,
distorted thinking, dizziness, impaired concentration, muscle weakness, nausea vomiting,
confusion, nausea and vomiting, frightening hallucinations. This can have effect based on
individual mental state, immediate environment and their personality. This is highly effective in
reducing the higher risk of bad experience and mood. It has been investigated by researchers that
psychological specialists can also consume the psilocybin along with similar hallucinogens to
treat depression (Chinzara et. al., (2021)). This can be effective through examine the ability of
psilocybin and are helpful in reducing the depression symptom that can be without dulling
emotions. According to different research, it has been identified that Psilocybin can be effective
drug to treat depression with psychological support.
There is another psychological approach which include the behavioural approach. This
approach related to individual approach which are typically relates with action of individual
along with history of learning. This includes individual behaviour to deal with any situation and
how to react during any situation. In this, there is need to presence of brain and should be
working effectively to deal with any situation more effectively. Through this approach, brain
should in effective working and should take care about the effect that can related to provide
better impact on individual health (Krug et. al., (2021)). Through using the psilocybin, there is
impact on individual behaviour that can related to get better mood and provide relaxation
towards the mood and feelings. There is a psychological. Distress which includes the treatment
of overwhelming anxiety within people which can lead to influence individual behaviour. It has
been evaluated that their single use of the psilocybin can lead to substantial improved quality of
life and it also help to decreased depression and anxiety within people with cancer at last stage
(Sedgwick, (2018)).

There is some difference between the approaches where cognitive approach is highly
effective in comparison to behavioural approach in context to use and effect of psilocybin.
Whereas, behavioural approach included individual behaviour regarding use of the psilocybin
which can influence individual aspect to use with major effect. Positive feature of the cognitive
approach is to delivery information and understanding about the sue of the psilocybin which can
be effective to influence the cognitive approach whereas, negative feature includes cause nausea,
feeling drowsy, paranoia, panic, psychosis, hallucinations and many more. There are ethical
challenges to use this drug as a medication and to keep away from any external influence which
can lead to create impact on individual side effect (Vlaicu et. al., (2020)). It should be taken in
limitation to avoid the risk of getting higher dose. Use of this drug can also lead to create social
change which can help to reduce the bad mood and impose good mood to individual after
consumption of psilocybin.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
Use of psilocybin can provide effective benefits to every individual and allow to consume it
for getting better mood and reduce the anxiety and depression. This also related to deliver quality
improvement in bad mood and also impose good mood. This is effective and can be taken as cure
for the mood disorder which can be help in getting better mood. It has concluded that psilocybin
can be effective drug that allow to deliver quality health and improve individual mood. This also
help to allow for getting effective response in order to achieve good mood. It also helps to cure
mood disorder. There is argument that psilocybin can be effective drug which reduce the bad
mood and impose positive mood within individual that are effective and response to achieve
better mood. Through using the psilocybin there can be treatment of depression and help to allow
in providing better impact to individual which can have related with better and effective response
to achiever good cognitive response for brain. Neuro-enhancement is necessary which are related
with the cognitive behaviour of individual. This is a contemporary social issue which should be
resolved through using various techniques and using of appropriate medication for live quality of
life.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Chinzara et. al., (2021). Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and sporting
performance: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of tDCS effects on physical
endurance, muscular strength, and visuomotor skills. European Journal of Neuroscience.
Davis et. al., (2020). The characteristics of transformative consumer research and how it can
contribute to and enhance consumer psychology. Journal of Consumer
Psychology, 30(2), 365-367.
Diamond et. al., (2021). Existential therapy and Jungian analysis: Toward an existential depth
psychology. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 61(5), 665-720.
Ferretti et. al., (2018). Enhanced cognition, enhanced self? On neuroenhancement and
subjectivity. Journal of Cognitive enhancement, 2(4), 348-355.
Huggins et. al., (2019). The behavioural foundations of urban and regional development:
Culture, psychology and agency. Journal of Economic Geography, 19(1), 121-146.
Krug et. al., (2021). Distinct and convergent beneficial effects of estrogen and insulin on
cognitive function in healthy young men. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &
Metabolism.
Mehta et. al., (2019). Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for chronic health
conditions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of behavioral
medicine, 42(2), 169-187.
Morris et. al., (2018). A systematic review of the relationship between rigidity/flexibility and
transdiagnostic cognitive and behavioral processes that maintain
psychopathology. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 9(3), 2043808718779431.
Poczwardowski, (2019). Deconstructing sport and performance psychology consultant: Expert,
person, performer, and self-regulator. International Journal of Sport and Exercise
Psychology, 17(5), 427-444.
Sattler et. al., (2021). Why Parents Misuse Prescription Drugs to Enhance the Cognitive
Performance of Healthy Children: The Influence of Peers and Social Media. Journal of
Drug Issues, 51(3), 461-482.
Sedgwick, (2018). University students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A
literature review. Irish journal of psychological medicine, 35(3), 221-235.
Vlaicu et. al., (2020). New neuromodulation techniques for treatment resistant
depression. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 24(2), 106-115.
Williams et. al., (2019). Annual research review: The state of implementation science in child
psychology and psychiatry: A review and suggestions to advance the field. Journal of
Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60(4), 430-450.
Online
Proportion of school children who have taken magic mushrooms in England from 2001 to 2018,
by gender (2022), [Online] Available through
<https://www.statista.com/statistics/370782/school-children-who-have-taken-magic-mushrooms-
by-gender-in-england/>