Exploring Psychological Development in a Family: A Case Study Approach

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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
(A Case Study on Child and Adult Care)
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Student’s ID:
Module title: Psychological Approaches to Care
Module code: 4HC502
Word Count: 2500
Author’s Note:

PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
Introduction
The study regarding human development is a complex process that relates to the
various stages of growth throughout the lifecycle of a human being. A typical human
development theory relates all the stages of the emotional, physical and mental
development within a person. Several theories and models have been proposed for the
human development and stages of human development process. Among all these
theories, the theory proposed by Freud’s structural model is the most used and
appreciated model.
According to this theory, there are four main stages in the human development process,
the infancy, childhood, adolescence and adultery. All these stages collaboratively make
the human development process to study and know in a more generalized process. In
this essay, a precise discussion about the necessary theory and drawbacks of the
human development process relating to the case study has been discussed. The
theories of child development, Humanistic theory, systems theory, theories of
adolescence, psychodynamic theory and social learning and behavioral theories have
been provided with a special highlight in this essay.
In the later section of this essay, the impact of health and social care practitioners to
develop the values and ethics to the people of different age group has been provided.
This would help the readers to understand the importance of health and social care
practitioners in developing human psychology and values to the people belonging to
different age group and different stages of human development theory.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
Discussion
Case scenario background
In the provided case scenario, the discussion has been made on the lifestyle, age and
physiographical differences between a family in which all the members belong to
different age group and developmental stages according to the human development
theory. In this assessment, the discussion has been made about the mother Jenny and
the daughter Chandelle, who is in her adolescence stage. Discussing the problems of
these women would lead the readers to understand the issues in their respective stages
and relate lit with the appropriate health and social care practitioner.
Knowledge and values applicable to human development
The key knowledge and value of the human development, rounds the measures of
tension and pleasure. Freud believed that the tension was due to the development of
libido or the sexual energy and the discharge of it provided pleasure (Chew et al. 2018).
In regards to the case study, where Jenny seems to have weak emotional stability, the
concept can be related to the libido secretion.
As she belongs to an age group of 33 years, the mental and emotional stages are
mostly seen in this age. Therefore, the cases of frustration and overindulgence are seen
in her behavior. In the case of Chandelle, who is presently in her adolescence stage,
the social and intellectual changes are seen to have changes in most of the cases in
this age (Davison et al. 2018). Therefore, for Chandelle, it is highly recommended to
include better emotional practices in her daily life. This would increase a sense of care
and self-understanding to Chandelle.
The psychological impact that individuals experience in times of crisis
Several causes make a person feel mentally ill and crisis within a lifecycle. The main
reasons that are seen are marital separation, personal injury or similar drastic changes
in personal life. Based on these, stress and illness are of three types:
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
Mental illness: In this type of scenario, the patient to be physically and socially strong,
but insomnia, headache and undefined restlessness are the major symptoms. In
regards to Jerry, she might be suffering from mental illness or crisis where she seems to
be very normal to other family members, but the symptom of depressions are seen
when she is alone (Humphris et al. 2016).
Physical illness: This is one of the easiest ways to detect the illness of a person. Any
differences in physical behavior such as chronic diseases, allergies and gastrointestinal
diseases are some of the main symptoms that are seen during the time of crisis or
illness.
Emotional illness: This type of physiological disorder can affect both adults as well as
children. In case of Chandelle, similar cases may be diagnosed, as she is mentally and
emotionally weak, and anxiety, depression and irritability are some of the common
symptoms in her behavior (Linde et al. 2016).
Figure 1: Psychological impact in times of crisis
(Source: Linde et al. 2016)
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Emotional
illness
Physical
illness
Mental
illness

PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
Theories related to the psychological development of a person
Child development theories: The child development theories relate to the emotional,
cognitive and social development of a child during up to the age of five. Freud's
psychosexual development theory and Erikson's' theory are most popular (Mills et
al. 2016). According to Erikson’s theory, the stages of child development can be divided
into three main categories, the infancy, early childhood, childhood and late childhood.
All these stages have different importance to make the child emotionally and mentally
stronger (Ostaszkiewicz et al. 2015). In the case of Chandelle, the late childhood ages
that are the age of 6-12 years have not been appropriate. Irregularities in the daily
routine, conflicts between the parents, jealousy from a younger or older sibling in the
family, may have lead Chandelle to be emotionally weak in her adolescence age.
Figure 2: Erikson's' theory
(Source: Petrak et al. 2016)
Humanistic theory: They humanistic theory proposed by Maslow delivers the idea
about the importance of objective knowledge than that of the objective knowledge.
According to this theory, human psychology can be analyzed in a more precise way, if
a person has practical or objective understanding rather than subjective or theoretical
knowledge.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
In relation to Chandelle, the importance of making her understand the importance of
good health and better health care routine would provide her with a mental state to care
for herself and stay away from smoking or alcoholism. This can be achieved by formal
and informal conversations with parents, the involvement of counselors and psychiatrist
for her.
Systems theory: According to this theory, the system or working culture of a complex
environment can be achieved by developing an investigative framework to produce an
elaborative result. This theory can be applied to the family environment and
psychological appearance of Jenny.
The present mental and emotional stage of Jenny needs to be pampered and taken
care of. This can be achieved if Dave and his mother make a precise conversation with
her. Appropriate treatment can be applied when she is mentally strong. For this,
appointment proper specialist and counselor would help Jenny to be mentally and
emotionally stronger.
Figure 3: Family Systems theory
(Source: Resnick et al. 2018)
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
Theories of adolescence: The field theory of puberty is one of the most commonly
used and appreciated theory. According to this theory, the children in their puberty tend
to search for cognitive, behavioral and social stability in their daily life (Thirthalli et al.
2016). The absence of these measures makes the child abusive, aggressive. Similar
behavior is seen in the case of Chandelle. The feeling of social well being, emotional
and social pressure makes to fell the absence of emotional stability and meaningful
sense for her.
Psychodynamic theory and social learning: Relating the social behavior and leaning
of the human with the emotion and feeling is the main aim of the psychodynamic theory.
The theoretical approach of the theory emphasizes the systematic understanding of the
changes in the emotional and mental stability of a person. The psychodynamic theory
can be related to the current psychological behavior of Jenny (Chew et al. 2018).
Her sudden mood swings and hesitation to talk even to her husband and mother in law
may be a symptom of any of her past experiences presently disturbs her mentally. An
open discussion about the breast tumor and her mental illness must be provided with a
psychographic environment to open up and discuss openly.
Behavioral theories: According to the behavioral theory, the behavior that a man
acquires is completely dependent on his mental conditioning. The only difference that
lies between the behavioral theory and the adolescence theory is that the emotion,
feeling and cognitions are considered subjective in the behavioral theory (Davison et
al. 2018).
In relation to chandelle, adolescence theory would be more applicable than that of the
behavioral theory. Her behavioral issues might be reduced with this theory, but the
practical approach towards the social behavior and emotions can be reduced with the
help pod adolescence theory.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
Issues relating to stress, loss, substance misuse and child abuse
Based on the scenario provided, below stated are some of the issues and impact of
loss, substance misuse and child abuse that are making Jenny and her daughter
behave differently from a normal person of their age groups:
Measures Issues Impact
Stress Both Jenny and Chandelle
are stressed in their own
lifestyles.
Jenny has psychological
issues due to which she is
not able to share the
problem of a breast tumor
with her husband.
On the other hand,
Chandelle has behavioral
issues, which are making
her face inconsistency in
her lifestyle and studies.
The issue of alcoholism and
aggression are some of the
greatest problems.
The impact of stress can be
seen in both the cases of
Jenny and Chandelle. The
impact of this scenario is
that Jenny might be
suffering from mild chronic
attract or dreadful disease
like cancer if she neglects
her symptoms and does not
discuss openly with her
husband or family
members.
The impact that Chandelle's
behavior would make in the
long run is that she might
get severely depressed and
highly addicted to alcohol or
drugs if not taken care
properly.
Loss Jenny might be feeling the
loss of interest to have a
healthy discussion with her
family members. The daily
routine and normal
behavior of all her family
This may lead Jenny to be
depressed, and severe
chronic symptoms such as
anxiety, irritation and
mental illness would result.
Similarly, in the case of
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
members are making her
think that her issue may
disturb their mental stability.
On the other hand,
Chandelle, being
adolescence, seems to
have a loss of interest to
talk to her parents and
siblings. The reason for this
may be that her friend circle
are becoming more
interesting for her and the
society and family where
she lives are becoming
stressful for her to cope up.
Chandelle, she might get
highly attracted to her friend
circle rather than the family
members and her friends
may misguide her in the
long run of her life.
Substance misuse The concept of substance
misuse or alcoholism can
be seen in the case of
Chandelle, who is
becoming addicted to
smoking and alcoholism.
Use of illegal drugs and
caffeine’s without authentic
prescription and medication
has already lead Chandelle
to face police cases and
encounters.
In the long run, if Chandelle
remains addicted to
alcoholism and drugs, the
society and her family
would be affected. Other
than that, the alcoholism
cost that she would bear
will also be very ,high.
Moreover, health care cost,
aggressiveness, domestic
violence and child abuse
would be seen.
Child abuse Child abuse is regarded as
the sexual, physical or
psychological maltreatment
provided by the parents or
Since Chandelle is in her
adolescence and does
have understood the
concept of well being and
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
the caregivers to their
children. Although
Chandelle is in her
adolescence stage, it is
very clear from her
behavior and addiction to
drugs and alcohol that she
has not been provided with
healthy lessons about well
being and adolescence
development.
the negative effect of
alcoholism, there is still
some time left to make her
understand the importance
of good health and
behavior. The major impact
would be caused in her
mental and physical well-
being. If the care is not
taken in high time, it would
be too large for the family to
control her alcoholism and
behavioral issues.
Table 1: Issues relating to stress, loss, and substance misuse and child abuse
(Source: As created by the author)
Role of health and social care practitioners to advise, guide and support
patients
The scenario that has been provided regarding the social and mental illness of Jenny
and Chandelle can be reduced or overcome by the active participation of health and
social care practitioners, whose main role is to safeguard the people with mental, social,
physical or emotional illness (Humphris et al. 2016). Some of the major steps that can
be applied ‘for Jenny and Chandelle are discussed below:
Dealing with complex problems: The issue that Jenny has been facing may lead to
family deterioration in the long run. Therefore, assessing home tutors and counselors
would be most apt and appropriate. Jenny might be provided with training and
guidelines to be free with her family members. Primarily, the tutor might make a bridge
between Jenny and Dave and make formal; a conversation between them. Once she
shares her problems and complexities, the family members would be included in this
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
practice. Steadily, this would make all the family members think about her well being
and discuss Openly her internal physical issues.
Encouraging healthy participation: Not only family but also community and society
are equally responsible for the mental health stability of a person. In the society of
Jenny, where she lives, a small campaign may be organized to encourage people about
the different developmental stages of the human. This campaign might also include the
children of age group 13-19 to make the open discussion about their problems and
mental state directly with their parents. Friends, families, society and communities can
together build up a healthy place to live in for both Jenny and her daughter, Chandelle.
Allocating capable caregivers and counselors in special cases: In case, if
Chandelle or Jenny are not able to open up with their family members even after private
guidance or tuition, the allocation of capable caregiver might be appointed. This would
help each one of them to discuss their respective problem, and the caregiver may take
necessary steps to reduce the negative effect.
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PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO CARE
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it can be concluded that human development and human
psychological development is one of the most important aspects to develop a person,
both mentally and emotionally. The discussion of different theories relating to the case
scenario provides a realistic understanding of the changes in the psychology of Jenny
and Chandelle, who belong to a completely different age group according to the human
development theory.
The discussions that have been made provides a clear understanding of the issues that
both women are facing in their respective lifestyle. The discussion that is made for
Jenny is entirely relatable with the humanistic and system theory that discusses the
stages of during human psychology and emotional development. Moreover, the
adolescence theory and child development theory is related to the lifestyle of Chandelle,
as the issues discussed in the case scenario for her is very much relatable in the
present developmental stages of the adolescence children around the globe. From the
later section of the discussion, it can be concluded that making an appointment with
correct supervisor and health and social care practitioner would help both of them to
carry a healthy lifestyle and become mentally and emotionally stronger.
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