Psychology 101: Question and Answer Assignment on Behaviorism

This psychology assignment provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts in the field. It addresses questions on classical and operant conditioning, highlighting their differences in terms of behavioral adaptation. The assignment delves into behaviorism, defining it as a learning theory based on the mind's condition and its interaction with the environment. It also explores observational learning, using Albert Bandura's 'Bobo the Clown' experiment as an example to demonstrate how children imitate actions. Furthermore, the assignment discusses the application of these concepts in real-life scenarios, such as predicting an individual's likelihood of alcohol and drug use based on observational learning. It also outlines strategies for applying observational learning and operant conditioning, like using positive reinforcement, to train a cat. Finally, the assignment explains different types of reinforcement and punishment, emphasizing the effectiveness of positive reinforcement with toddlers.

Running Head: QUESTION AND ANSWER ON PSYCHOLOGY
Question and Answer on Psychology
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note:
Table of Contents

1QUESTION AND ANSWER ON PSYCHOLOGY
Response to Question 1..............................................................................................................2
Response to Question 2..............................................................................................................2
Response to Question 3..............................................................................................................2
Response to Question 4..............................................................................................................3
Response to Question 5..............................................................................................................3
Response to Question 6..............................................................................................................3
References..................................................................................................................................5

2QUESTION AND ANSWER ON PSYCHOLOGY
Response to Question 1
Although it is evident from the psychological perspective that both classical, as well
as operant conditioning, results in learning the process, but they are widely different in terms
of behavioral adaption of psychology. One of the major difference among the two
conditioning processes is their approach towards the result in which classical conditioning
involves an involuntary response to stimuli where the reactant is not fully aware of their
reaction while in the operant condition the reaction is completely voluntary because of the
incentive agent in work. The reactant is fully aware of the result of their reaction (G Myers &
DeWall, 2020).
Response to Question 2
Behaviorism in psychology refers to the theory of learning, which is based on the
concept condition of the mind which determines all behaviors and they are the results of the
interaction with the surrounding. There are two kinds of conditionings recognized in
psychology which are included as behaviorism, namely conditioned or classical conditioning
that involves involuntary reaction and operant condition where the reactions are voluntary (G
Myers & DeWall, 2020).
Modeling is the strategy used in the modification of cognitive behaviour in an
individual during psychotherapy where recipients are exposed to a specific visual or verbal
direction which is meant to be imitated by them. This process is also called observational
learning.
Response to Question 3
Albert Bandura’s experiment with ‘Bobo the Clown’ included a preschool child and
an adult sharing a room where the child is involved in working on a drawing, and the adult
builds Tinkertoys. The adult after sometimes goes to a large inflated Bobo doll and violently

3QUESTION AND ANSWER ON PSYCHOLOGY
kicks and pounds at the doll yelling phrases (G Myers & DeWall, 2020). After which, the
child is taken to other room filled with toys but is taken away to another room by explaining
that the appealing toys are being saved for other kids and is left alone in another room with a
lesser toy which included Bobo doll. On being alone, the child repeats the action he
witnessed a while back by the adult and repeats the same phrases.
The result of the experiment validates Bandura’s conclusion of observational learning,
where the reaction is the direct imitation of the visual action witnessed.
Response to Question 4
I think Graham is more likely to try alcohol and drugs at the part for though his
parents have been instructing him against the consumption of alcohol, and he has grown up
witnessing the casual use of it. This action is again based on the observation learning concept
for a child growing up in a condition where the use of alcohol and drugs are normalized more
likely to adapt it.
Response to Question 5
I will use observational learning with the help of operant conditioning, where I will
show the use of people potty to the cat. Every time, with the adherence of the cat to the
method, I can give it an incentive in the form of a bowl of milk.
Response to Question 6
There are four different kinds of rewards which are categorized as positive and
negative reinforcement. Positive reinforcement is the addition of incentive on completion of
voluntary response, for example, giving a favorable item in dinner if the child keeps his
clothes folded. Negative enforcement is the removal of incentives on account of the absence
of an expected voluntary response. There are two kinds of punishment out of which one is
direct in action, for example, cutting of television provision if a child behaves in a wrong way

4QUESTION AND ANSWER ON PSYCHOLOGY
(G Myers & DeWall, 2020). The second kind of punishment is known as extinction which is
the complete removal of a favorable entity on account of decreasing an unwanted action or
response. For example, taking away the gaming system if the child refuses to complete his
homework.
Positive reinforcement is the best method in case of a toddler who throws temper
tantrum as a toddler understand and has an understanding of getting incentives.

5QUESTION AND ANSWER ON PSYCHOLOGY
References
G Myers, D., & DeWall, C. Nathan (2020). Psychology 12th Edition by David G. Myers C.
Nathan DeWall .pdf. Retrieved 5 March 2020, from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1-
LWMaq-P30iDROoD2L0YqWMJU81ljh2j/view?usp=drivesdk