Analysis of System Variables Impacting Eyewitness Identification

This essay examines the intersection of psychology and criminal justice, focusing on eyewitness identification and the factors that can influence its reliability. The introduction establishes the significance of eyewitness testimony in legal proceedings. The main body delves into three critical system variables: memory reconstruction, lineup issues, and visual characteristics. Memory reconstruction explores how the human memory can be flawed, impacting the accuracy of recall. Lineup issues highlight how poorly constructed lineups can lead to misidentification, while visual characteristics discuss how physical appearances can affect identification. The conclusion synthesizes the impact of these variables, emphasizing the importance of understanding psychological principles in the pursuit of justice. The references section provides a list of academic sources that support the arguments presented in the essay.

Psychology and criminal
justice
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Discuss three system variables that can impact eyewitness identification..................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFRENCES...................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Physiology is the study of human behaviour that is been used in order to analyse
behavioural aspect of humans. Such kind of studies is based upon science of life which aims
towards mechanism of living beings with their behavioural aspects. Such kind of integrated
behaviour makes influence formed upon persons living within society. Criminal justice is the
process by which a criminal offender is been punished as per the punishment prescribed within
the legislature. Criminal justice deals over matters which are related to crime such kind of
criminal activities is controlled by criminal justice system. This file is based upon discussion of
three variables system which impacts identification of eyewitness.
MAIN BODY
Discuss three system variables that can impact eyewitness identification
Eyewitness identification is the process by which evidences related to the criminal case is
been collected. These kinds of witnesses are very important in proving guilty of accused or
individual committed crime. Such identification makes justice to be attained with more
effectiveness. These kinds of identification makes evidences collected in more effective manner.
Police often while investigating makes identification of suspect through line up or with the help
of photo. In Police is required to make identification using various methods which makes
identification possible.
ask eyewitnesses to identify a suspect from a lineup or an array of photos. A lineup or photo
array involves placing a suspect or a photo of a suspect among people who are not suspected of
committing the crime and asking the eyewitness to identify the perpetrator. This is how
eyewitness identification works (Headley and et. al., 2021). There are three types of eyewitness
identification which are
 Lineups and Showups in this investigation is been done by police with the help making
line of four or five suspects and asking individual to identify culprit from them. Under it
arrest can be done over individual which has been identified by the witness.

 Photo Identification this is another way identification is done by witness through
making sketch or seeing the photo of suspect. If the identification is correct then person
can be arrested.
 Motion to Suppress Identifications in this defence attorneys can motion to suppress
identifications during pre trial proceedings on the grounds that the eyewitness
identification was unfair, coerced, or was unnecessarily suggestive of a defendant's guilt
that misidentification was unnecessarily possible.
Three variable system is the process by which an eyewitness is been making
identification possible of an accused in more effective manner. This system helps in attaining
validity of evidence which has been collected from crime spot. It cna be imoacted due to
following reason that is
 Memory reconstruction in this memory is been reconstructed with the help of scientific
method. In this kind of at times witness is not able to make reorganization done in proper
manner because of act impacting memory of an individual(Livsey and Davidson II,
2018).
 Lineup issue in this accuracy of finding witness is reduced. Also in this at times criminal
is not been capture and runs away from city where crime was committed by an
individual. It is o ne of the most commonly accoutring issue which makes investigation to
be lengthier and justice delayed.
 Visual characteristics this makes identification off suspects done trough looks and
behaviour which is not very much accurate in nature.
These are three system variables which can impact identification of accused by witness
with less accuracy and correctness. Such kind of variables at time can make police face lot of
difficulty in investigation over particular case.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that physiology and criminal justice are
those elements which is been used for controlling of crime taking place within society. Both
crime and physiology go hand in hand as physiological changes people minds and influence

them over committing crime. The in this file things covered is based over witness identification
which makes evidences collected through various process. Also factors impacting such
identification are discussed.

REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Douglass, A.B. and Brewer, N., 2019. Psychology and the criminal justice system. In
Psychological science and the law (pp. 1-6). Guilford Press.
Fisher, L., 2021. Why Psychology and Criminal Justice Can Only Take Us So Far: The Value of
and Need for a Social Psychological Perspective in Studies of American School
Violence. In Research Anthology on Rehabilitation Practices and Therapy (pp. 1840-
1857). IGI Global.
Headley, A.M and et. al., 2021. The psychology of justice buildings: A survey experiment on
police architecture, public sentiment, and race. Journal of Criminal Justice, 73, p.101747.
Livsey, S. and Davidson II, W.S., 2018. Contributions of Community Psychology to Criminal
Justice: Prevention Research and Intervention. In The Essential Criminology Reader (pp.
78-86). Routledge.