Psychology of Learning: Analysis of Modelling and Social Learning

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the psychology of learning, focusing on two key theories: modelling and social learning. Part A delves into the components of modelling behavior theory, including attention, retention, reproduction, and motivation, and explains its importance. The report then explores social learning theory, originally taught by Albert Bandura, and discusses its influencing tools, such as media violence, experiences, and superior future assumptions. Part B applies these theories to real-life experiences, with the student providing personal anecdotes illustrating the practical application of both modelling and social learning. The report concludes by summarizing the theories and their relevance in understanding and influencing human behavior. The student demonstrates an understanding of how these psychological principles manifest in everyday situations, offering insights into how individuals learn and adapt their behaviors through observation, experience, and motivation.

Running Head: Psychology of Learning
Psychology of Learning
Student Details

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Table of Contents
PART A......................................................................................................................................2
Modelling Behaviour Theory.................................................................................................2
 Attention......................................................................................................................2
 Retention......................................................................................................................2
 Reproduction...............................................................................................................3
 Motivation...................................................................................................................3
Importance of modelling behaviour...................................................................................3
Social Learning Theory..........................................................................................................4
Influencing tools in Social learning/behaviour theory...........................................................5
Part B..........................................................................................................................................7
Introduction............................................................................................................................7
Real life experiences..............................................................................................................8
Real life experience of Modelling theory:.........................................................................8
Real life experience of Social learning theory:..................................................................9
A specific occurrence where these theories relate to the situations.....................................10
The occurrence of modelling theory:...............................................................................10
The occurrence of social learning theory:........................................................................11
Conclusion................................................................................................................................12
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................13

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PART A
Modelling Behaviour Theory
Modelling is the way to judge and fathom the behaviour of an individual human
being. This theory helps the person, doctor or psychologist to completely understand the
functioning and way of thinking of another person. By the support of Modelling, a person can
also change its way of thinking and can master unique behaviour skills (AlMarshedi, Wanick,
Wills, & Ranchhod, 2017). This is the psychological process due to this a person may or may
not be aware that someone else is noticing their behaviour. This is also called as the
observational learning in the psychological terms (Adam, 2013).
There are four components of the modelling theory:
 Attention
A person who is conducting the process of modelling on another person, must
need to pay attention. A person can only conclude the results by the modelling
process if he pays the complete attention to the habits, way of talking, way of thinking
and perspective of another person retention (Baah & Tawiah , 2011).
 Retention
After paying the complete attention, a person needs to follow the process of
retention in which he has to remember the actions and words of another person. In
short, the retention process helps the psychologist to conduct a detailed study on an
Attention Retention Reproduction Motivation

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individual's behaviour (Burns & Roberts, 2013). This is closely related to the process
where a person has the ability to recall the previous experiences he had in his or
other's life (Bandura, 2017).
 Reproduction
In modelling theory, reproduction signifies the process, which defines the
ability of an individual to recall or translate an individual's behaviour into his own
understanding for obtaining better results about one's behaviour and attitude (Britton
& Graesser, Psychology Press).
 Motivation
A psychologist or a person, who is carrying the modelling process must be
motivated all the time. Being motivated enables a person to perform modelling task
with complete accuracy and he can expect better results also (Bryman, 2016).
Importance of modelling behaviour
When a person or psychologist starts a modelling session on another person, it helps a
person to form and recreate old or new habits for the positive results. It also educates a person
about the positivity, discipline, peace, relaxation, meditation, etc. These all are the important
qualities that a person should adopt in his life and modelling theory helps in forming these
habits. This practice teaches a person many techniques, which include cognitive behavioural
therapy. However, these skills do not develop overnight, they take time to set in the
subconscious mind by the regular practice (Deci & Ryan, 2011).

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Social Learning Theory
This theory is originally taught by the Albert Bandura OC, he is the Canadian-
American psychologist. According to this theory, an individual person learns from other
human beings via observing their behaviour and analysis their attitude. Social learning theory
is the reciprocal outcome of the external environment and cognitive theory. It further explains
that learning also happens because of the observation of punishments, struggle and rewards
program (Gurney, 2016). For example, an individual can learn a new subject or habit if
he/she expects that their new habits will give them certain rewards in the future. In this way,
social learning theory helps a person in making effective and efficient learning program
through observation and behaviours of other (Ellison & Boyd, 2013).
(Megan, 2019)
(A monkey is learning to drink water by looking at the behaviour of human.)

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Influencing tools in Social learning/behaviour theory
 Media violence:
Media is the prime source of influencing the behaviour of the mob by
continuously showing views, observations, ideas, practical influencing, theoretical
methods, interview of high-end personalities, etc. All these factors are able to
influence the social behaviour theory because media provides a person, an idea or
imagination about doing any certain things and about visiting any place. For example,
when a person watches any movie then they start developing their own fantasies. This
all happens due to the application of social behaviour learning theory (Zentall &
Galef, 2013).
 Experiences and observations:
When a person observes another person's behaviour, attitude and lifestyle then
this theory operates because that person starts creating imagination in his mind about
adopting such lifestyle and behaviour (Hewstone, Stroebe, & Klaus, 2016). As this
process revolves around obtaining the knowledge and experiences from the general
people or from the outside environment. Observing the other people helps a person to
build their own life path and identifying the hinder that can create challenges in their
own performance. A person can also learn by the experience of others and can try to
adopt identical habits in order to accomplish their goal and purpose (Wiseman, 2012).
 Superior future assumptions:
When a person assumes a better future lifestyle then also he/she influence or
change their habits because they want their desired lifestyle in the future. However,
this social change helps the person in transforming positive and healthy habits.
Assume for better well-being and improved lifestyle succor the person in making his
Observations
Media
Future
expectations

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lifestyle better (Leila & Denny , 2014). Example, students studies in the expectations
of giving the country and themselves a better future and safeguard the interest of both.
The drawback of this point is when expectations do not meet due to any uncertainty
then it may also put a person into insomnia. However, a person should always work in
a positive manner for his/her future and should not keep the focus on the negative
vibes. He/she should fathom that the future is uncertain and no one can predict the
exact results (Rhodes, 2017).

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Part B
Introduction
In this assignment, there will be discussion regarding the practical implementation of
the two theories “Modelling” and “Social learning theory”. These two theories deal with the
psychological state of the mind in which they help an individual to influence their habits and
also help them to judge the behaviours of others. Modelling theory helps a doctor or
psychologist to make a judgment about a person by closely observing his/her behaviour and
habits. The drawback of this theory these observations sometimes goes wrong and bring
irrelevant results. Another theory that will be going to study in this assignment is "Social
learning theory", this theory explains how the behaviour and habits of an individual transform
when they encounter with other persons. Apart from this, the real-life occurrence will be
discussed in this assignment because of the better fathom of the practical application of these
theories. The specific situations will be explained where a person can apply these theories in
different ways to concludes results based on human psychology.

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Real life experiences
Real life experience of Modelling theory:
One day my friend told me that his cousin is facing the bout of insomnia. This is a
state of depression where a person spent sleepless nights which leads a person to the state of
depression. This problem is frequent for his cousin and he was facing many problems due to
insomnia. His cousin’s name is Sky and after 2 weeks I got a chance to meet his cousin in the
party and I was also curious to observe his state by his actions and behaviour. When we both
had a conversation at the party, his behaviour was normal and he was looking absolutely fine.
At that time, I did not touch the topic of insomnia with him because I thought that might be
possible he is in the party that's why he is trying to behave like a normal person. So, I
dropped the thought to talk with them about his problem as he was looking relaxed.
After 1 week, I again got a chance to meet with him at his home because my friend
was going to meet and he asked to me also that I want to go with him or not? I agreed with
him and we both went to his house. After visiting his home, I and his cousin both introduced
each other and after a few time, he told us both about his condition and the problems he was
facing from a long period. I was listening to him very patiently and I was noticing his
behaviour also, I forced on his hand motions and his tone of speaking. Unknowingly I was
applying the modelling theory to understand his psychological state. In my mind, I was
paying attention to his story and to his words because I want to understand his state deeply.
After that, I try to retention his information in my mind to conclude the results about him
later also. His hand motion helps me a lot to understand his behaviour, as from facial
expressions to hand motion a person says a told.
During the conversation, I concluded results that he is facing serious insomnia attacks
and he should immediately consult with the psychologist because 3-4 sessions with a
psychologist can help him in getting out from the depression. At the end of the conversation,
I motivated him a lot by saying to him "You cannot be supposed to live a healthy and positive
lifestyle by having a negative mind believe.” I further said to him that all this is the state of
mind you should think for more positive thoughts and you should be grateful for the things
you have like your parents, your home, food, clothes, electronic gadgets, etc. He was very
much convinced after talking to me and he made the decision to finally visit a psychologist in
order to make him get rid out of problems.
Resultant, I was following the modelling theory of psychology and I used all the
application of this theory like first I paid attention to the words of Sky by observing his hand
motions and his body gestures. Afterward, I retain all the information in my mind about his
behaviour to conclude results about him later on. Then I put my forces on the reproduction
process where I was recalling and translating his attitude in my own way to conclude and
fathom better results. In the end, I was motivating Sky by telling him the importance of the
positivity and having the feeling of gratitude in life. This is the first real-life experience that I
had faced in my life, which relates to the Modelling theory.

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Real life experience of Social learning theory:
This theory applies in my life very frequently as external factors like social media,
people’s views and watching the interview of popular personalities always fascinate my
thoughts and behaviour. Recently, I saw the speech of "Warren Buffet" about the difference
between fundamental and technical investing. He explains the merits and demerits of both
investment plans with his real-life experience. After watching his speech my views transform
about the intra-day trading and delivery trading. Therefore, my views are changed because of
the application of this psychology theory. When I saw the speech, my mind creates a new
path of knowledge and my subconscious mind knows that he (Warren Buffet) is the excellent
man, so I should follow his views rather than following my own views about investing.
Another experience I had faced in my life due to the application of this theory is that I
recently completed the book "Power of Subconscious mind", writing by Joseph Murphy. My
thoughts and feeling affected a lot after reading this book because the content in the book is
very much effective and able to fascinate my interest in it. After experiencing this, I am able
to understand that this theory also operates when an individual read the words of another
person. Social learning theory uses the external cortex of mind because the human mind is
excellent in discovering and creating new pattern structure. Every time when my mind
encounters with any self-development book or speech, social learning theory starts operates.
After facing such real-life occurrences I have observed that this theory act as the food
for thought, now it depends on which type of food we are providing to our mind? Healthy or
unhealthy food? In terms of mind, thoughts are the food of mind and we should watch and
hear the positive statements, words should adopt positive habits and actions in order to
perform better and productive. However, fear and negativity sometimes act as in a positive
way also. For example, people fear about breaking the legal laws because it can lead them to
serious legal issues. This kind of fear factor is extremely necessary because due to this people
stay safe in their ethical boundaries which is extremely important for running the
administration.

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A specific occurrence where these theories relate to the situations
Both the theory is related to the psychological state of the mind however both are
slightly different from each other and have occurred in a different type of situations
(McLachlan, Chan, Keatley, & Hagger, 2011).
The occurrence of modelling theory:
This psychological theory helps a person in understanding the behaviour of others. This helps
the people to judge another personality and attitude of others. Below are the situations where
this theory operates:
In court:
While announcing any verdict, the judicial authority also become judgemental
because they have to undergo through pieces of evidence and past history of the victims.
Judges have to analysis the behaviour and evidence in order to conclude on the final result.
All they do is bring the modelling theory in operations because they want to conclude the
results and later on announces their decision (Michie, Stralen, & West, 2011). Even the
judges of any entertainment show, school or college functions also analysis the speech,
performance, stamina, way of talking, etc of the performers and then describe their opinions.
In all situations, while making the judgment about any other person people have to take the
use of this theory (Romina, 2014).
While making financial investment decisions:
Before commencing any decision related to opening a bank account, beginning
mutual fund decision, starting trading with any broker, etc. An individual person first analysis
the stability and reputation of a particular financial institute, they even compare different-
different plans and policies offered by them. After that, they concluded the results regarding
where they should start investing and saving their money. While analysing and comparing the
offers of many financial services, people bring modelling theory in operation (Niedderer,
2013).

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The occurrence of social learning theory:
This theory influences an individual or groups by the words, deeds, speeches, etc of others.
Below are the situations where this theory frequently operates:
Afterward acquiring knowledge from books:
This is frequently happening, whenever an individual finishes the self-improvement
books or other literature then his/her mind obtain new knowledge and bring new
improvements in the human mind. Acquiring new knowledge creates a new shape of
knowledge in the mind and influence the existing views. All this happens due to the operation
of social learning theory and its applications (Hinton & Anderson, 2014).
Hearing or interviewing a famous personality:
Nowadays, people are in habit to watch motivation speeches a lot from youtube.com
and other relevant video streaming sites. All this online video content transform the
behaviour and thought process of the people. The way of thinking of the public enhances and
become more efficient than before, all they have to do is to implement actions in their life.
This is the frequent application of this theory (McLeod, 2016).

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Conclusion
In this study, I selected two theories “Modelling” and “Social learning theory”. I
concluded that both theories are related to the psychological state of the human mind.
Modelling theory succor the person in understanding the way of thinking and perceptive of
others through its four components. These components provide adequate support to the
person in deeply analysing the behaviour of others. On the other hand, Social learning theory
used to obtain knowledge and influence thought process from the other forces like media,
opinion of other people, speeches, etc. This theory describes several situations from which a
person’s perceptive is changed or add more knowledge once they encounter with the new
knowledge or principles. Apart from this, I explain my real life incidents where I used these
two theories and I also used specific occurrences of these two. I discussed the incident where
my friend took me to his cousin's house, his cousin was facing the problem of insomnia. I
went to his house, after a few minutes he told us both about his daily problem where he had
to spent sleepless nights and other problems, I was using the application of modelling theory
in this. I also discussed my experience related to the social learning theory where after
listening to the speech of “Warren Buffet” my perception about intraday trading and delivery
trading transformed.

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