PSY1016 Research Report: The Impact of Processing Styles on Memory

This research report investigates the effects of different processing styles on memory. The study, conducted with 40 participants aged 20-35, examined how deep and shallow processing influence information recall. Participants were shown images and asked to engage in either deep processing (identifying if an object was natural or manufactured) or shallow processing (determining if an object was tilted or upright). The report includes an introduction outlining the importance of memory and processing styles, a detailed methodology section describing the participants, design, stimuli, and procedure, a results section with paired t-test analysis, and a discussion section interpreting the findings. The results indicated that deep processing had a stronger positive effect on memory than shallow processing. The report concludes with a bibliography and abstract summarizing the study's key findings and implications for understanding human memory and cognitive processes.

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PSYCHOLOGY: MEMORY
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Abstract
The research report is prepared with the motive to know the effectiveness of the
different processing style on the memory of an individual. It required various methods and
procedures to achieve the result. In the research report, 40 participants were taken to come up
with the right results. These 40 participants were in the age- group of 20-35 years who were
made to show various pictures and to write about their observations. After the analyses of the
report, it was understood that the deep processing thinking style had the stronger effect on the
memory of an individual than the shallow thinking style. The study had been of great help in
coming up with the right answers.

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Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Method..................................................................................................................................................5
Results...................................................................................................................................................8
Discussions............................................................................................................................................8
Bibliography.........................................................................................................................................11

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Introduction
Memory is the process that is helpful for an individual to acquire, retain, and retrieve
the information stored. It helps an individual to surf through the lifetime in the most positive
and composed manner (Seol, 2018). It is working as a storehouse that helps in individual to
retrieve the right information at a right time according to the requirements. The following
steps those are included in the process of memory facilitation are-
Encoding- the step concerns with receiving the information and encoding it for storage.
Storage- in the step the information is stored for the later the use.
Retrieval- the steps is concerned with retrieving the information stored in the most effective
manner (Porubanova, 2019).
It is important to study the memory as it helps in achieving the right understanding of
the human brain in the most effective manner. It is highly useful in achieving the right ways
of doing things thus helping in further innovation in area of science and technology.
Moreover, the study into memory is highly helpful in getting things done in the right manner
where the best ways of doing things can be achieved.
The study will also incorporate the various innovations into areas of psychology,
teaching, and technology. The right kind of study of the memory will be helpful in the
development of the right artificial intelligence in the best possible manner. The development
of the artificial intelligence will ease the various functions in the organization thus resulting
in better management of things in the effective manner (Maillet, 2017).
Besides, the development of the artificial intelligence, the study of the memory is
helpful in solving the medical problems of the clients in the best possible

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manner(Marblestone, 2016). It is helpful in getting the best ways of solving the things thus
resulting in high level of understanding between the people.
The things that can influence the memory are Vigilance, awakening and
concentration, interest, motivation and necessity. The other important ways are emotional
state and values and the last important thing that influence the memory are location, noise,
odours and other important ways. The last important thing that matters is the breathing. The
right breathing style is helpful in achieving the composure in lifestyle (Zhang, 2017).
Some of the studies that will help me in achieving the right ways of doing things in
the best possible manner. Various literatures promoted the theory in the best possible manner.
Some of the theories that included are processing styles affect the memories in an effective
manner. The way the information is processed is helpful in getting the right ways of
achieving the things. These types of processing that include shallow and deep processing
(Xu, 2018). According to Maillet, shallow processing is helpful in achieving the right ways of
doing things as it is helpful in getting things done (Maillet, 2017). It affects the memory of an
individual in the positive manner. The increasing amount of research suggested that the type
of the processing style affects the cognitive performance of the brain.
According to Leding, the deep processing style is helpful in getting the things in the
effective manner where the brain is able to remember the things in the most effective manner
with the deep processing style when compared with the shallow processing style (Leding,
2018). In the shallow processing style, the things are being processed at the lighter level.
According to Devers, the deepest level of processing of the information is suggestive that the
information will be remembered for longer time as compared to usual time (Devers, 2018).
According to Delacre, the shallow processing of the information is again helpful in
remembering the things at the lighter level (Delacre, 2017). These two different levels of

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processing affect the brain at different levels where one promotes the shallow thinking while
the other promotes the deep thinking. These things will result in better management of the
mental faculties thus resulting better results of the things provided in the best ways.
According to Cohen, various research, it was estimated that that the high level of
understanding of the types of memories among the people is helpful in getting things done in
the most effective manner (Cohen, 2017). According to Brahma, the other most effective
ways of remembering things is to use the right ways of doing where it is helpful in achieving
the best ways of doing things (Brahma, 2018).
The Hypothesis of the research is whether the processing style that is deep versus
shallow affects the memory of an individual.

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Method
Participants
In the participants, various ways are used in achieving the right ways of doing things.
In the research the sample size of fifty participants were taken who were shown various
pictures on computer screen for a second. The participants were asked to do the deep
processing of the things where they were asked to identify whether the object is natural or
manufactured while for the other next objects, they were asked to determine whether the
objects were titled or upright which was categorised into shallow processing.
Initially the sample size of 123 participants was taken where they were asked to sit for
next 1 hour to undergo test. Initially, all the participants were interested to carry out the test
but inability of some of the participants to sit for next 1 hour led to the reduced sample size of
40.
The test was carried out within the sample size of 40 people. Some of the participants
that took part in the course were usually in the age group between 20 to 35 years as they
wanted to know their type of processing style to process the information whether at the deep
or shallow level. The mean age of the participants was 25 years and the age range was
between 20 to 25 years. Among the participants, the equal number of males and females were
present means there were 20 males and 20 females. The sample of the participants included
the job employees, undergraduate students of psychology, and high school children. The
people who were selected were usually Americans and some of them Australians. These
participants were selected based on the opportunity sample where they were considered
because of right ways of doing the things. The people were selected based on availability at
that time where they were asked to achieve the right ways of things in best possible manner.

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The participants were allocated to various conditions randomly thus helping them
achieve the right ways of doing things. The random allocations of the conditions to various
people were helpful in getting the right ways of doing things. The random allocation was
helpful in achieving the authentic results as it gives the right results in the best possible
manner.
Design
Smallest subsection
The study involved the study of independent groups where various repeated measures
were taken to achieve the right ways of doing things. Some of the repeated measures that
were affected in the most important manner. In the research there were independent and
dependent variables. Some of the independent variables included-
The independent variables included in it were the participants who were helpful in
achieving the right ways of doing things. These independent variables were helpful in
achieving the right ways of doing things.
The dependent variables included in the pictures that made people to think whether it
is a deep and shallow thinking in the people. The shallow thinking was helpful in making
people think in the best possible manner. To come up with the accurate results, the paired T
test was conducted so that the effective results can be achieved.
Materials
The materials and equipment that were used to conduct the study were helpful in
getting the things done.

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Some of the materials that were used in achieving the right ways of doing things
included various types of pictures and imagery content to achieve the right ways of doing
things. The right selection of images was helpful in achieving the right selection thus
resulting in better results. The other important materials that were used included
questionaries’ where the questions were asked regarding their various memory issues. These
questions were helpful in identification of the right ways of doing things in the best possible
manner. there were other scales on which the problems were measured so that the best
solutions can be arrived.
Stimuli
The stimuli were helpful in getting the things done in an effective manner where the
separate section of doing various ways. Some of the ways that the participants were exposed
to different types of pictures that included:
One, which leads to deep thinking
Other that leads to shallow thinking
Apparatus
The apparatus that were used were the computers and other types of scanners so that
the participants can get the complete feel of the project in the best possible manner. the other
types of tools were also used to adjust the size and the quality of the pictures so that the right
type of imagery could be achieved(Shri, 2017).
Procedure
The procedure that were used to achieve the results were-

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The participants were first asked to fill the questionaries’’, which was important to
achieve the results in the best possible manner. the questionaries’ filled by them were helpful
in knowing their personality in the best possible manner.
After their personality was assessed, they were made to sit comfortably in a room
where they could with comfort look at the images shown to them. Every participant had to
watch at two different images where they had to perform the various exercises of shallow and
deep thinking on it. Once those exercises were performed the results were compared that
which type of thinking helped them in remembering the particular task in a longer run. Once
the audience recorded their response in the paper, there response was analysed by the officer
seated there and they were made to understand the things in the best manner possible.
Their responses are then analysed in manner to achieve the right ways of doing things
so that the objectives of the research could be achieved. The participants were asked to record
the right ways of doing things in a manner, it results in high level of understanding among the
people.
Information that matters
The information that matters in the study included any medical or new conditions of
the participants who were asked to watch out at the pictures that were flashed to them. It was
important to know their conditions as this would have helped him achieving the right results.
The other information that affected was the interest of the participants towards
recording their response. It was important that during the exercise that the interest of the
participants is taken into account in the best possible manner.
Ethical information-

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Some of the ethical information that is included is the interest of the participants to
achieve the right results in the best manner possible when required.
The verification of the client’s information is also taken into account where the right
ways were considered in the best possible manner.
Results
The data was scored using T test analysis in the best possible manner where the right
ways of doing things were achieved in the best possible manner.
The score was helpful in analysing the right ways in which right ways of doing things
can be done.
It is helpful in achieving the right T-test in getting the things done in effective
manner. The results so obtained from the T test were divided into two sections that were
older and younger. These sections were helpful in achieving the optimum results.
The results dominated the right answers of the research study that took place in the
area. These things that were quite helpful in getting the right ways of doing things.
Discussions
The results so derived after doing the T-test represented the importance of deep
thinking and shallow thinking on the memory. It has helped them in achieving the right ways
of doing the best things. The discussions were helpful in achieving the best ways of doing
things thus resulting the best output for the people.
The younger generation have the highest tendency for the shallow thinking as the
brain of the younger generation is programmed for the shallow thinking. The older generation
had the highest tendency for deep thinking as they have developed the deep perspective for

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the life. There maturity helped them to go for the deep thinking thus resulting in higher level
of analysis among the people.
In the case of younger generation, the people were more concerned towards the right
ways of doing things. They had the tendency towards the shallow thinking where they
focused on obtaining the lighter stuff.
During the exercise, when the images were flashed on the screen, it was further
observed that younger generation were good at addressing the shallow memory thinking as
compared to deep thinking. The older generation in the age group between 30 to 35 years
were more inclined to deep thinking, they were correctly able to tell which object in the
image was natural or manufactured. Moreover, when asked about the minute details of the
objects in the images, around seventy percentages of the people in the age group of 20-25
failed to provide the correct answers while around eighty percentages of the people in the age
group between 25 to 35 were able to come up with the satisfactory answers.
After the deep analyses, it was found out that younger generation’s inability to
correctly identify the intricacies in the objects were less as compared to adults. Even, some of
the adults in the age-group between 25 to 35 years have showed their inability to completely
respond to their images in the best possible manner. The score also depicted that, despite the
age, there are various other factors, which play the role in using the type of processing style.
Genes play the big role in it. It was found out adults from the creative background were more
inclined towards deep processing style than the shallow processing style while adults from
the technical background were more resorted to shallow thinking than deep thinking style.