Mental Health Report: Evaluating Mental Health Research Articles

This report presents an analysis of four articles related to mental health and psychological well-being. The first article, “Unseen Wounds: The Contribution of Psychological Maltreatment to Child and Adolescent Mental Health and Risk Outcomes,” examines the impact of psychological maltreatment on children and adolescents. The second article, “Are child and adolescent mental health problems increasing in the 21st century? A systematic review,” explores trends in mental health issues. The third article, “Time perspective and psychological well-being in younger and older adults,” investigates the role of time perspective in well-being. The fourth article, “Understanding the association between positive psychological functioning at work and cognitive well being in teachers,” focuses on the well-being of teachers. The report evaluates the strengths, weaknesses, and limitations of each article, and discusses the implications of the research findings, offering insights into child and adolescent mental health, psychological maltreatment, and the crucial role of teachers and caregivers.

Running head: MENTAL HEALTH
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Introduction
The term ‘mental health’ is often regarded as a substitute concept for mental health
conditions such as issues associated with depression, anxiety conditions, schizophrenia and
others. As per the World Health Organization, the concept of mental health is related to the state
of well-being whereby every individual recognizes his or her capabilities and potentialities and
can further cope with the regular and ordinary stresses or tensions of life and can further perform
in an effective and constructive manner which will further facilitate in the contribution to the
social community. However, it must be noted that the whole concept of mental health is a
complex subject area. Furthermore, the fact that an individual does not undergo any specific
mental health condition does not pose any implication that their level of mental health is
experiencing any development or growth. The report intends to evaluate four relevant articles
based on mental health conditions by focusing on the strengths, weaknesses of each article. In
addition to this, the report assesses any biasness or limitations of the studies.
Discussion
Analysis of the chosen articles
The article, “Unseen Wounds: The Contribution of Psychological Maltreatment to Child
and Adolescent Mental Health and Risk Outcomes” by Spinazzola et al, has explicitly evaluated
the self-determining and predictive impacts of psychological exploitation on the range of
behavioural concerns, symptoms as well as disorders surveyed in the large national sample of
clinic-centric children along with adolescents drawn from the National Child Traumatic Stress
Network Core Data Set (Spinazzola et al. 2014).It further focused on the way around 3 million
children in the US have been undergoing certain forms of exploitation in an annual rate,

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primarily by the parents, close associates or even adult caregivers. The idea behind
Psychological Maltreatment or abuse encompasses factors related to both exploitation and
mental neglect in that it is consisted of actions(Spinazzola et al. 2014). It further states that
continual or extensive upsetting of the child’s maltreatment as a constant pattern of the
behavioural acts of the caregiver or the critical circumstances that transmits to the child to
perceive notions of his or her lack of value, unwanted, endangered or the specifically of
significance in attaining other’s needs and demands. “Are child and adolescent mental health
problems increasing in the 21st century?’ A systematic review” can be cited as another article
that primary focuses on the social and cultural aspects related to mental health, which may
further manipulate the occurrence of mental health concerns (Bor et al. 2014). However,
contemporary times have witnessed certain changes in factors related to mental health, yet is has
gained certain ambiguity on the possibilities degree of internalizing as well as externalizing
concerns have further transformed within the recent young generation. Furthermore, on the
contrary to the article written by Spinazzola, this article provides specific data, which revealed
that one out of five children across the world undergoes severe mental health
disorders(Spinazzola et al. 2014). Moreover, the data extracted from the array of sources
proposes that the rate of occurrence of mental health concerns has been anticipated to be
increased. The article has further revealed the rates of psychological issues, which have been
recognized by the fundamental health care professionals in Australia, and the US whereby it has
reportedly seen an increase from 15% in 2000s to over 30% in 2016%, along with an elevated
rate measured in both internalizing as well as externalizing mental issues (Bor et al. 2014).
Contrary to the other article, this paper has demonstrated the rising interest in the ascertaining the
origins of altering developments in the mental health issues of children as well as adolescents.

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The other article has primarily observed the influence of PM that is often considered crucial to
discharge at both conceptual as well as methodological levels of investigation in regards to its
incremental and competent distinctive contributions to risk related factors(Spinazzola et al.
2014).
The study observed by Spinazzola conducted data collection from years 2004 to 2010 on
over 14000 children from around 65 participating NCTSN centres. However, the study sample
was based on the hypothesis, which we evaluated on the entire sub populous of children as well
as adolescence in the NCTSN with lifelong record of exposure to one, or more of the three
exploitative categories targeted for consideration in the observation related to psychological
maltreatment sexual exploitation and physical ill treatment(Spinazzola et al. 2014). The article
seems to be a well-established one as it provides with well-observed evaluation on the severe
impact of psychological maltreatment related to other manipulative groups. Although the key
images of physical maltreatment takes place with either physical assault or sexual abuse that
often finds the level of this contract for serial consequences in comparison with the predictive
impacts of physical sexual abuse. This article has effectively exposed the additive impact which
is considered to be distinctive physical maltreatment way by the severe occurrence of physical
exploitation with other forms of maltreatment has been related with more critical as well as for
ranging negative a destructive consequences(Bor et al. 2014). However then with the emergence
of sexual assault or physical abuse without the occurrence of physical maltreatment which the
other articles could not highlight the areas with utmost adeptness. However, one of the essential
areas of limitations, which have been revealed in this article, is the area it has shown ultimate
ambiguity related to the psychological well-being in the younger as well as older generations.
The article published in the journal of positive psychology and well-being by Olivia Pethal,

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Moist and Baker claimed to fundamentally examine the current defeatist time perspective as
considered being a contrivance that may be accountable for age disparities in purpose to life as
well as personal development (Pethtel, Moist and Baker 2018). This article has effectively
demonstrated the significance of evaluating the factors, which engage into the emotional well-
being in the later phase of life with the prompt progress of older adults’ generation. It is further
to note that the idea of psychological well-being is referred to a six dimensional construct that
comprises wellness with the following domains such as autonomy environmental, mastery
personal development. Moreover this article in contradiction to other mentioned papers
emphasizes on the concept of time which not only has its presence within the physical domain
but at the same time occurs as a psychological construct that is frequently been avoided in
comprehending the behavioural patterns of humans and their mental conditions(Pethtel, Moist
and Baker 2018). The paper unlike the other two mentioned articles have fundamentally focused
on the idea behind time perspective that have amalgamated with the age of an individual, which
can have an impact on the well-being of a individual. However, previous investigations have
revealed that an individual well-being can vary by age (Spinazzola et al. 2014). While this article
focuses on the concept of time perspective and psychological welfare in the younger and older
adults generation, another significant article on mental health that is our child and adolescent
mental health problems increasing in the 21st century” sheds its light on the shifting symptoms
related to mental condition among toddlers from the 20th to the 21st century. However it has
been claimed in the article that no vital gender guidelines have been reported and further
revealed at effective enhancement in the hostility of the Australian preschool children from
2002-2016 and further stated significant benefits to the range of personality level that
incorporated factors of sociability, persistent responsive with sleep disorders(Pethtel, Moist and

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Baker 2018). One of the strengths of this article lies on the mixed samples it have been utilised
for evaluating the rate of issues related to mental health between children as well as adolescence.
Two observations essentially stated the significant transformations in the mental health
symptoms in the mixed methodology samples of children and adolescence aging from early
childhood to adolescent years for the concentrating on the generalized sample instead of
segregating the age groups (Pethtel, Moist and Baker 2018). Furthermore, it must be noted that
the secondary devaluation recommended that these findings might not provide adequate
uniformity across all age groups and time perspective. Whereby certain level included the rid of
depression hostility as well as voicing the issues which actually witnessed a significant decrease
in young children and on the contrary a growing rate in the adolescents join the same period.On
the contrary, the paper which must be taken into consideration that was published in the journal
of positive psychology and well-being by Arslan, “Understanding the association between
positive psychological functioning at work and cognitive well being in teachers” have
significantly reviewed the way teachers play a fundamental role in the development of the
children's cognitive emotional as well as behavioural development (Arslan 2017). While the
other articles have evaluated the degree of psychological welfare in children adolescents and
adults, none of the articles has intended to cast light on the importance of teachers, healthcare
professionals or caregivers in order to study the psychological factors, which are related with
proficient teaching and understanding. This article on the contrary has noted the association
between teacher’s wellbeing as well as work centric variables by further putting the importance
of association between child efficiency levels of the teacher along with the stringing of the
character it facilitates (Arslan 2017). The fundamental purpose of the observation of the article
was to explore the association between teachers’ constructive actions at work and the cognitive

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development in the Turkish students. Thus, it is stated that parents caregivers as well as health
professionals expect that the improved well being of their children would also be advantages to
the teachers as well as the way by the teacher reporting such welfare degrees would further
report fundamentally to be improved levels of positive psychology group functioning at
workplace in comparison to those with decrease levels of wellbeing.
Conclusion
Therefore from the above discussion it can be concluded that the four mentioned articles
based on mental health and psychological well-being have spoken about the same subject area
but has taken different approaches to deal with it. However each of the articles possess its own
benefits and limitations but has further fill the gaps but writing intensive understanding of the
level of psychological wellbeing among children young adults and older adults.
Emerging Questions for the Readers
1) What are the fundamental factors related to the contribution of emotional
exploitation to child and adolescent mental health?
2)Explain the role and responsibilities of educators, parents and caregivers in
facilitating effective cognitive, mental as well as behavioural development in
children?

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References
Arslan, G., 2017. Understanding the association between positive psychological functioning at
work and cognitive wellbeing in teachers. Journal of Positive Psychology and Wellbeing, pp.1-
15.
Bor, W., Dean, A.J., Najman, J. and Hayatbakhsh, R., 2014. Are child and adolescent mental
health problems increasing in the 21st century? A systematic review. Australian & New Zealand
Journal of Psychiatry, 48(7), pp.606-616.
Pethtel, O.L., Moist, M. and Baker, S., 2018. Time perspective and psychological well-being in
younger and older adults. Journal of Positive Psychology and Wellbeing, 2(1), pp.45-63.
Spinazzola, J., Hodgdon, H., Liang, L.J., Ford, J.D., Layne, C.M., Pynoos, R., Briggs, E.C.,
Stolbach, B. and Kisiel, C., 2014. Unseen wounds: The contribution of psychological
maltreatment to child and adolescent mental health and risk outcomes. Psychological Trauma:
Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 6(S1), p.S18.