Psychological Perspectives in Individual and Public Services: A Report

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PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES
APPLIED IN INDIVIDUAL SERVICES
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1....................................................................................................................................................4
TASK 2....................................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3....................................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................................10
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INTRODUCTION
This report will talk about the various psychological perspectives that are applied to
individual and public services. This mainly nourishes the relationship between public
services and psychology by defining a different route in the services that combines both the
branches. Psychology proves to be favourable as its main target is to get psychology in the
management of public services. The main aim of the psychology is to analyse the behaviour
of criminal and to find out the problems that they are facing. However, to deal with criminal
behaviour to reduce the crime rate and instil positive behaviour, various correctional
treatment, rehabilitation enter and psychological counselling is used worldwide.
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TASK 1
Psychological perspectives apply by individuals in public services is the study of public
administration from the basic level of one's conduct and demeanour by drawing instincts
from psychology (Roberts, 2012). Psychology is merged along with the public services and
every individual in the team is made a volunteer of this program, it would make a great
success in the public administration world. It aims at analysing the individuals as a whole
and then finds out the problems that they are facing (Jones, 2013). A standard operating
procedure is set for the police system in order to deal with the complex routine operation.
Standard operating procedure aims to achieve efficiency provide justice and reducing
miscommunication (Gross, 2015). A mandatory psychiatrist should be appointed in order to
treat the negative or criminal behaviour of the offender. A psychiatrist helps to brainwash
the offender and insist on positive behaviour to adopt a good lifestyle (Gross, 2015). Given
them a proper session of psychological counselling, motivate them and then sort out the
problems either by talking to them or by providing some additional therapies to reduce the
levels of stress. The administration also requires psychological support sometimes because
it is not the lack of efficiency of the employers but lack of motivation that decreases their
productivity (Gross, 2015). A psychiatrist can also counsel the police because while treating
the criminals, the behaviour of police become so aggressive and suffer from the stress-
related issue and hence to attend normal life, the counselling is needed on a routine
session. In this, the psychiatrist can help the system in stress management, mindfulness,
sleep, relaxation and coping strategies (Pakes and Pakes, 2012). Police are suffering from
under higher stress, because of exposure to the stressful situation and lower staff members
and most of the time professional and personal responsibilities coincide. Hence attending
psychological wellbeing program can help the officer to focus on the psychological wellbeing
(Wemmers, 2013).
There may be sometimes some violence among the team which can easily be taken over by
psychological counselling to reduce the risk of violence and crimes. Counsellors can prevent
the crime rate through working in various correction field (Wemmers, 2013). Once the
criminal has been incarcerated and convicted, it has been recommended to undergo
counselling session while in jail or prison. Correction counsellor provides direct interaction
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with the prisoner that help to prevent recidivism and discourage prisoner from mounting
from trivial crime to more serious crimes (Wemmers, 2013). Most of the time offender is
involuntary and hence this type of tasks is most challenging. Counsellor work in various roles
such as care worker, prison social workers, and juvenile probation counsellors (Gowan and
Whetstone, 2012). Counsellor encourages the prisoner towards more positive behaviour
and distracts from a pattern of substance abuse and repetitive crimes for the prevention of
crime in future. Counsellors are playing a crucial role in crime prevention through working in
correction institution, rehabilitation centre, community and school (Gowan and Whetstone,
2012).
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TASK 2
In order to reduce the crime rate, the very first thing to know is the psychology of criminals
that is at what intention the offender do the crime (Carr, Baker and Cassidy, 2016).
However, it is impossible to predict the behaviour of criminals but here is some highlight
that induces criminal behaviour such as
Financial problems: this is most common in third world countries (Carr, Baker and Cassidy,
2016). When the individual need to struggle to get one-time food to service, there will be
the high chances to become thieve in order to survive.
Low social status: people once get bullied; they are more often to become aggressors in
order to take revenge against the whole society (Carr, Baker and Cassidy, 2016).
Genetics: some genetic condition predisposes to often involve in criminal cases.
Crime is also a big threat in bigger institutions; this could be due to frustration, anger,
jealousy, expectation, competition (Carr, Baker and Cassidy, 2016).
Various psychological approaches can be used to reduce criminal behaviours such as
correctional treatment, rehabilitation centre and counselling session (Turan and Yargic,
2012). In the corrective procedure, cognitive therapy is used to induce positive behaviour
and attitude by cognitive skills training like how to deal with difficult situations, how to solve
the problem, how to control anger or aggression and how to deal in a relationship. In this
therapy, the thinking of criminal is the change that land prisoner in trouble such as "if
anyone disrespects me, I'm going to take revenge", "I'll take what I want" and "I'll never
back down" (Turan and Yargic, 2012). Cognitive therapy has become one of the most
accepted treatment in order to change the psychology of criminals. In order to change
criminal behaviour, they must change the way of thinking. Cognitive therapy teaches the
offender to modify and evaluate the thinking way and to make a decision that helps to
reduce negative behaviour (Turan and Yargic, 2012).
Rehabilitation centre has been well established to reduce recidivism. These program work
on people day-to-day activity and social functioning interaction. They encourage actively
prisoners to take responsibility to change the behaviour of their own but also for others
(Turan and Yargic, 2012). It is essential that a low-risk prisoner does not have contact or
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minimal contact with the high-risk prisoner. As increase contact can increase the risk of
criminal activity. It has been implied for courts, prison design and prisoner case
management (Clair and Winter, 2016). The program should be designed in such a way that
actually make prisoner better. It is not suggested that criminals are always punished as this
is not a way to change criminal behaviour. However some time punishment work or
sometimes not. It can be work those are having good self-monitoring skills and oh are made
to make a good connection between negative consequence and their behaviour (Clair and
Winter, 2016). Correction therapy is widely criticised when things are not in control and
hence this therapy is cost effective also.
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TASK 3
Various psychological perspectives are applied to the work of the range of public services. It
is a multi-disciplinary approach which emphasises on dealing with the behaviour of an
individual on a very specific level and then relating it with psychological theories and
evaluation the individual inborn instincts towards work (Mehmet, 2014). Psychological
perspectives can be advantageous for the interpreter as it merges public services along with
the psychologists. This is an interdisciplinary approach towards which each and every
member of the team or organization should work so as to achieve the desired outcomes
(Mehmet, 2014). The study is started from the basic level which includes analysis of the
nature of every single person working in that premises and then moving it further to
different stages. Administration and psychology are co-related with each other as the
people working under some working institution always need some or the other way of
motivation (Mehmet, 2014). It is easy to find some companies but there is firm
determination behind every success
Accurate and timely screening and evaluation are one of the critical elements in order to
divert successfully the criminal behaviour of the individual. Various stakeholders in the
society must develop services to fulfil the needs of substance use and prisoner (Clair and
Winter, 2016). Services are integrated across private and public agencies and treatment
plan of the individual focus on recovery and choice. Mental illness can also be the cause of
criminal behaviour and hence proper counselling and screening session should be arranged
to treat mental illness (Clair and Winter, 2016). Diverting the mind and behaviour of criminal
with a mental issue and substance use away from prison and jail and towards more
culturally and appropriate society-based mental health care is an important component of
local, state and nation strategies to provide support and eliminate undesirable behaviour of
the individual (Clair and Winter, 2016). A psychological evaluation is usually done in the
beginning to check the mental capacity of the individual, the functioning level on a variety of
range and then slowly dig deepen in their past. This evaluation is useful to check any
substance, mental and physical abuse that has occurred in their past and to evaluate if there
is any connection with the crime in order to fix the problem (Clair and Winter, 2016).
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CONCLUSION
There are so many factors that induce criminal activities. Various perspectives can be
applied to deal with the psychology of individual as well as public services. These
approaches are used to treat negative criminal behaviour and the problem they are facing.
It has been analyses that third world countries have been associated with the high crime
rate. The lack of motivation and encourage and decrease the productivity of work and hence
administration or police system also need counselling session in order to manage the
professional and personal issue.
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REFERENCES
Carr, W.A., Baker, A.N. and Cassidy, J.J., 2016. Reducing criminal recidivism with an
enhanced day reporting center for probationers with mental illness. Journal of Offender
Rehabilitation, 55(2), pp.95-112.
Clair, M. and Winter, A.S., 2016. How judges think about racial disparities: Situational
decision making in the criminal justice system.‐ Criminology, 54(2), pp.332-359.
Gowan, T. and Whetstone, S., 2012. Making the criminal addict: Subjectivity and social
control in a strong-arm rehab. Punishment & Society, 14(1), pp.69-93.
Gross, R., 2015. Psychology: The science of mind and behaviour 7th edition. Hodder
Education.
Jones, D.W., 2013. Understanding criminal behaviour: Psychosocial approaches to
criminality. Willan.
Mehmet, O., 2014. Economic Planning and Social Justice in Third World Countries (Vol. 75).
Routledge.
Pakes, F. and Pakes, S., 2012. Criminal psychology. Willan.
Roberts, S.C. ed., 2012. Applied evolutionary psychology. Oxford University Press.
Turan, R. and Yargic, I., 2012. The relationship between substance abuse treatment
completion, sociodemographics, substance use characteristics, and criminal
history. Substance Abuse, 33(2), pp.92-98.
Wemmers, J.A., 2013. Victims’ experiences in the criminal justice system and their recovery
from crime. International review of victimology, 19(3), pp.221-233.
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