Psychology Assignment: Theories of Behavior and Social Influences

This assignment provides an introduction to psychology, focusing on two key theoretical approaches: Erikson's stages of psychosocial development and Piaget's cognitive theory. It details the stages of development within each theory and highlights their similarities and differences in explaining human behavior. The assignment then defines and explores research on group influence, examining how group dynamics impact individual behavior and the consequences of prejudices and discrimination. Finally, it discusses the relevance of psychological theories and social influences on public services, concluding that effective management of psychology is essential for societal reformation and improved service quality. The assignment includes a list of references to support the information presented.

PSYCHOLOGY

INTRODUCTION
Psychology is the mental conditioning and state of mind that indicates the behaviour and
attitude of an individual person. It helps in identifying the mental and emotional need of an
individual that will help in improving overall persona of an individual. A negative or
adverse psychology will lead to criminal behaviour that will impact the well being in the
society. Various behaviour are been taken in consideration that influences the human
behaviour.

TASK 1
Two approaches (theories) used in psychology
Effective theories are been taken in consideration by an individual or a person in order to
have an interactive behaviour or attitude. The two major psychological behaviour theories
that are taken in consideration are:
 Erikson’s stage of psychosocial development
 Piaget Cognitive theory

Erikson’s stage of psychosocial
development
This theory states that there are certain stages which impacts and influence the psychological
development of an individual. These stages are:
 Stage 1: Trust v/s Mistrust: This is behind the perception of the person that a person
must have a good trust level towards others. Any sort of issue can lead to mistrust or
fear.
 Stage 2: Autonomy v/s Shame and doubt: Autonomy will guide the person to have a
self centred growth. On the other hand, shame or doubt will impact the
performance by reluctancy.
 Stage 3: Initiative v/s guilt: Initiative is the practice of having the good performance
level. while the guilt factor will bound the person to not make any approach.
 Stage 4: Industry v/s Inferiority: The feeling of growth impact psychology in
positive way while the inferiority affects the growth.

Cont……
 Stage 5: Identity V/s Confusion: Identity helps the person to improve the self
realisation while confusion affects the psychology.
 Stage 6: Intimacy V/s Isolation: Intimacy is the practice of getting close to each other
while isolation is to remain alone.
 Stage 7: Generativity v/s Stagnation: the practice of generativity helps in moving on
while stagnation is to stay on one thought
 Stage 8: Integrity v/s Despair: Integrity is to carry out the operations to remain in one
constant state while despair is the process of being in grief.

Piaget Cognitive theory
This will help in proper planning of the cognitive theory which will help in proper planning
of the psychological development that will help in developing the psychological ideology
of children's and help in improving their intelligence and behaviour. It classifies the
individual's life in 4 stages.
 Sensorimotor Stage: Birth to 2 years.
 Pre operational stage: Age 2 years to 7 years.
 Concrete operational Stage: Age 7 to 11 years.
 Formal operational stage: Age 12 and up

Cont…..
This theory focuses on the conceptual practices which are carried
out by the organization in most effective way. It emphasis on the age
based criteria of psychological growth and have a good learning and
mental stability.

M1 Similarities and difference between theories
of explaining human behaviour
Similarities:
The major similarities between both the theories is that they lay emphasis on the
conceptual setting and development of psychological or a thinking over the age. Both
theories lay emphasis on the life stages and how the psychology of an individual develops.
Both the theories willhelpin the rise in stability and understanding of the psychological
growth.
Differences:
The major difference between both the theory is that the psychosocial theory focuses on
Psychosexual attributes of an individual person on the other hand, the Piaget theory of
Psychological development emphasises on the development of intelligence and thinking of
an individual.

Define research into Group influence and
how the human behaviour is affected
Research in Group influence can be termed as the effective planning of the operations
which will help in proper planning of the psychological understanding and ideology of a
person. The group behavior is the way people react to a situation or condition in a large or
small group.
It will influence the factors like companionship, survival and security, affiliation status,
power and control over the individual as well as team achievements. The inhibiting of the
team traits and qualities will impact the individual behavior and will mold their behavior to
a greater extent. A positive group attribute will lead to the growth in the skill set of the
individual. On the other hand, a negative team attribute will help in carrying out of
psychological measure's leading to conflicts and acts of violence.

Consequences of prejudices and discrimination
The psychological prejudices and discriminations that are associated with the behaviour or
treatment of an individual over a team. This will lead to setting up of the operations and
policies which will lead to setting up of activities which will lead to their equal treatment
which will help in proper planning of behavioural attributes of an individual. Following or
practising any sort of prejudices and discrimination. This will impact the behaviour of an
individual which will, impact the thinking process and attitude of an individual to a greater
extent. The prejudices will help in establishing the operations which will help in treating
the people with various mindset and psychology.

Relevance of psychological theories and
social influences on public services
The Psychological theories and social influencing factors that are been carried out on the
public level that will help the public services and in proper planning of the operations in an
effective manner. This will help in improving the rectification measures of the organization
and this will lead to setting up of the measures which will help in improving quality of
services or reformation measurers to improve psychological behavior of the criminals.