Impact of Psychosocial Attributes on IT Employees' Work Attitude

This dissertation investigates the mental health and work attitudes of IT employees in Bangalore following the COVID-19 pandemic. It explores the influence of psychosocial attributes on employee well-being and job satisfaction, examining factors such as work environment, stress, and the impact of the pandemic on work dynamics. The research employs a literature review, quantitative research methods, and a questionnaire-based data collection approach to identify key psychosocial attributes affecting employee attitudes. The study aims to determine how these attributes impact IT employees' work attitudes and provide insights into the challenges faced by the IT sector in the post-COVID-19 era. The findings highlight the importance of addressing mental health concerns and adapting workplace strategies to support employee well-being and maintain productivity. The conclusion emphasizes depression as a significant psychosocial attribute affecting work attitudes.

MENTAL HEALTH AND WORK ATTITUDE OF PEOPLE
ON POST-COVID-19 IN THE IT SECTOR IN
BANGALORE
……………………………………………
(Signature, date)
Chairman of the Defence Committee: / to be added only in graduation thesis /
Permitted to the defence
…………………………………
(Name, signature, date)

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................4
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................5
1.1 Overview of research........................................................................................................5
1.2 Background of research.....................................................................................................5
1.3 Rationale of research.........................................................................................................6
1.4 Research aim.....................................................................................................................6
1.5 Research objectives...........................................................................................................6
1.6 Research question..............................................................................................................7
1.7 Chapter structure...............................................................................................................7
2. LITERATURE REVIEW............................................................................................................9
2.1 Psychosocial attributes associate with the mental health of employees concerning the
Information technology sector................................................................................................9
2.2 Relationship between psychosocial attributes and work attitude of employees.............12
2.3 Impact of psychosocial attributes on the work attitude of employees............................14
3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................17
3.1 Research Philosophy.......................................................................................................17
3.2 Research approach..........................................................................................................18
3.3 Research design...............................................................................................................18
3.4 Research choice...............................................................................................................19
3.5 Research strategy............................................................................................................20
3.6 Data collection tools........................................................................................................20
3.7 Data sampling tool..........................................................................................................21
3.8 Ethical consideration.......................................................................................................22
4. RESULTS..................................................................................................................................23
4.1 On a primary basis..........................................................................................................23
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................41
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................43
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................46
Appendix 1............................................................................................................................46

ABSTRACT
The aim of the present investigation is "To identify how psychosocial attributes influence
the work attitude of Information technology employees on post-COVID." A study on the IT
sector in Banglore. The COVID-19 develops the impact on mental health as well as the work
attributes of staff members. In conducting the present investigation, a literature review has been
conducted by considering secondary sources. In the literature review, there has been studied
about the psychosocial attributes associated with employees' mental health concerning the
Information technology sector. In this, positivism research philosophy and deductive research
approach have been used. There has been quantitative research method considered as they
provided the proper facts and figures regarding how psychosocial attributes influence the work
attitude of Information technology employees post-COVID-19. There has been the primary
method of data collection for collecting information by using the questionnaire. This
questionnaire has been developed to collect the information from many respondents as it is time
and cost-saving. The discussion has been based on a literature review in which research
objectives are linked. The main results were that psychosocial attributes are associated with
employees' mental health concerning the Information technology sector. The working
environment is one of the main factors affecting the job satisfaction level of staff members. At
last, the conclusion has been developed as it was based on the entire investigation information. It
stated that depression is the main psychosocial attribute that impacts the working attitude of staff
members post COVID-19 pandemic.
Keywords: Mental health, work attitudes, psychosocial attributes, Covid-19, Information
Technology

INTRODUCTION
1.1 Overview of research
The unprecedented outbreak of COVID-19 Disease 2019 caused an economic downturn and
enhanced the unemployment rate. From these issues, staff members face health as well as socio-
economic stressors. The pandemic of COVID-19 means that several people stay at their home
and do minimum activities in context to exercise and social interactions, which can negatively
impact mental and physical health. Loss of income, bereavement, and isolation are triggering the
mental health situation. Several people may face an enhanced level of drug use, anxiety, and
alcohol—stress and anxiety impact staff members' attitudes towards management (Aduloju and
Adedoyin, 2020). In regards to this, COVID-19 pandemic mitigation needs coordinated and mass
behavioural change to succeed. People returned to their offices, adapted to social distance, and
worked from home to bring new concerns. The unconscious reactions to the conditions seemed
normal and harmless. Significance of the business contribution by pandemic situation makes this
incumbent on managers to reshape the workplace to make the employees feel more comfortable
and do jobs effectively. The managers have prioritised the wellness of staff members consisting
the mental health. Several managers are initiating the workplace assessment to determine where
the physical changes can assist the mitigate germs. If the people go one step to evaluate issues
from the user perspective-taking COVID-19 account concerned with behavioural and attitude
shifts, they will develop a powerful support tool for worker morale (Anastasiou and Duquenne,
2019).
1.2 Background of research
Bangalore accounted for more than half of the office space that surrounded top property markets
during the first half of 2020. IT sector minimised space take-up in the city by 65% from the last
year (Brown, 2017). From arisen the issue of COVID-19, IT firms in Bangalore have been
extended their policy related to work from home to prevent the spread of the COVID-19
pandemic situation. Other than this, the continuing crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic situation

has changed lives, imposing requirements for different changes for the company and people to
deal up in this time. Impact of the COVID-19 on the behaviour of the people and also unravelled
the psychological impact. Stress is known to harm the performance level of staff members,
satisfaction, and productivity level. It may make individuals susceptible to vulnerable pandemic
virus infection; it must tackle urgent occupational health-related issues (Anjum and et al., 2020).
1.3 Rationale of research
The present investigation is related to determining how psychosocial attributes influence
information technology employees' attitudes post-COVID-19. COVID-19 pandemic has forced
several staff members to face distress psychologically. Optimism and psychological strengths are
necessary for staff members who should motivate each person to develop resources to adapt to
change and demanding circumstances. The reason to conduct present investigation is all about
determine the issue. In the situation of COVID-19, companies do not allow the employee to
come to office they all provide work from home. Fro the COVID-19, employees are not able to
perform in better manner and this investigation is all about identify the issues which impact on
workimg attitude of empliyees in IT sector. The present investigation is mainly conducted in the
professional and personal context. In the personal context, understanding of learner about the
influence of COVID-19 on the employees' psychological attributes and work attitude in the IT
sector (Ashcroft and et al., 2019). Other than this, in a professional context, the research and the
analytical skills of an investigator can be improved as it is effective in providing detailed
information to conduct an investigation. With this investigation's help, the learner can determine
the issues employees in the IT sector faced in the COVID-19 situation. By conducting this
investigation, the researcher can conduct similar research in the future and focus on getting
positive research outcomes within a given period.
1.4 Research aim
The study aim is “To identify how psychosocial attributes influence the work attitude of
Information technology employees on post-COVID-19.” A study on the IT sector in Bangalore.

1.5 Research objectives
 To find out the psychosocial attributes associate with the mental health of employees
concerning the Information technology sector.
 To find out the relationship between psychosocial attributes and the work attitude of
employees.
 To identify the impact of psychosocial attributes on the work attitude of employees.
1.6 Research question
The research question in the present investigation is “How much impact does
psychosocial attributes on the work attitude of employees”?
1.7 Chapter structure
The dissertation is a long piece of academic writing based on the original investigation. The
chapter structure in the dissertation provides an overview of all the necessary chapters required
to complete the dissertation (Banerjee and Nair, 2020). The different chapters include in the
dissertation mention below:
Introduction- The introductory chapter of an investigation consists of an investigation,
background, rationale, research aim, research objectives, and research questions; this explains
the existing investigation on the topic and shows the relevance of work to a broader issue. It is
necessary to ensure that research questions should be clear and specific.
Literature review- It is the second dissertation chapter. It reviews what has been written already
in the area of the research topic. It should support the theoretical argument that is being
demonstrated that the author has a grasp of the main finds and ideas that pertain to the research
topic. The primary purpose of conducting the literature review is to attain the research objectives
using secondary methods. The secondary method consists of books, scholars, journals, internet
sources, and others (Bathmaker, 2021).

Methodology- It provides sufficient detail regarding the methodology used that study could be
simulated. It explains how to conduct an investigation and allowing the reader to assess validity.
The research methodology section provides consists of the research onion. The research onion
includes different layers, for instance, research philosophy, research approaches, research
strategy, research choices, data collection methods, sampling, data analysis, and time horizons.
Results- It is the fourth chapter in this dissertation. It presents the results of the analysis by using
research questions. The results should be presented without any interpretations and reserved for
the discussion chapter (Bell, 2020).
Chapter summary
This was the first chapter in research project as this consists background of the research,
rationale behind choosing the research area, research aim, ojectives, questions and the chapter
structure. Present research is all about mental health and work attitude of people on post-covid-
19 in the it sector in Bangalore. The ratrionale stated about the reason how psychosocial
attributes associate with the mental health of employees concerning the Information technology
sector. The aim of this research is “To identify how psychosocial attributes influence the work
attitude of Information technology employees on post-COVID-19.” Objectives has been
developed on the basis of research aim and attained in next chapter i.e literature review by
considering the secondary sources.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
A literature review is related to discussing and analysing the published information in a specific
subject area, which has an organisational pattern that combines synthesis and summary, giving a
new interpretation of the old material or combining with the old interpretations. A literature
review may be examining sources and advise the reader to provide the relevant information. The
focus of the academic research paper is to support own argument. The main focus of the
literature review is to summarise another idea. A literature review is mainly designed to give an
overview of the relevant sources explored as many approaches could adapt based on the type of
analysis underpinning the study (Boomaars, Yorks, and Shetty, 2018). The literature review's
primary focus is to attain the set objectives based on the research subject area, i.e. Mental Health
and Work Attitude of People on Post-COVID-19 in Bangalore's IT sector. The secondary
sources used to attain the research objectives consist of articles, internet sources, scholars, and
others. This helps provide the relevant information and get positive research outcomes.
2.1 Psychosocial attributes associate with the mental health of employees
concerning the Information technology sector
According to the viewpoint of Nur Pratiwi Noviati (2021), psychosocial support is essential in
the workplace, because, from the perspective of the information technology sector, employees
are enthusiastic about their work. It shows how much they are dedicated to their profession. To
start any work, people have to develop a mindset for that particular work in an organisation
where subordinates, supervisors support employees, psychological and mental health concerns
and respond modifier as needed. For some companies, psychological support may be essential to
protest against traumatic stressors at work (Buheji and Buheji, 2020). In psychiatric care
environments, there is lot of concern in the work environment and the well-being of the workers.
The psychosocial work environment and its components have been defined in a variety of
ways and often involve a variety of factors for an instance organizational environment and
culture, job demands, work regulation, leadership motivation and support and co - worker

support. The organisation must support employees in psychological aspects because they are
committed to their job attachment, involvement, positive works moods, and desire to remain
with the company—organisation citizenship behaviours of personal choice that benefit the
organisation and job performance. If individuals do not have a good mindset, they cannot do
work, and lacking happens such as with drawl behaviours, enhanced absenteeism, conflict,
greater risk of accidents, incidents and injuries, increased cost, loss of productivity, and turnover.
These all things give a disadvantage to the organisation if employees are not psychologically fit.
At some time, the organisation also responsible for maintaining the culture, a workplace
characterised by trust, honesty, and fairness (Buheji and Buheji, 2020). This is the basic
assumption held by a particular group. There is a combination of values, beliefs, meanings, and
expectations, that group members are held in similar and that they use as cues to what is
considered acceptable behaviour and how to cope with the difficulties and challenges. It is
essential for company trust for any positive and productive social processes in any workplace.
By varying between "organisational level" interventions, which seek to change the psychosocial
environment, and "person level" interventions, that concentrate on how people act and manage in
the environment, occupational psychosocial interventions may be more effective. Since
organizational approaches discussed the roots of unsafe workplace conditions, they were
preferred as preventative steps. Workplace psychosocial stressors and job environments, are
often long-standing, either they arise on a regular basis or as a result of a series of events f rom
time to time. In several ways people are prepared to deal with these circumstances, the pressures
placed on them continue to grow may outstrip human resources, leaving them unable to
deal or in the worst-case circumstance in the long run, it will lead to new issues. Let us move
forward to another aspect that is important to discuss concerning the employee psychological
aspect. COVID-19, this pandemic destroys all the social and working environment in different
ways (Fernández-Ballesteros and Sánchez-Izquierdo, 2021). In context to Wipro, Bangalore,
there were few rules and regulations countries had to follow, such as social distancing policies,
mandatory lockdowns, isolation periods, the anxiety of getting sick, along with the suspension of
productive activity, loss of income, and fear of the future and jointly influence the mental health
of citizens and workers. Due to this, people faced many challenges because all things would be
closed organisation did not have monetary value to give their employees. The company has
decided to lay off, termination activity for the employees that cause the big issue in a human
psychological factor. People have their loans, install EMI's that have to pay, and do not have
money. Youths have experienced several pandemic-related consequences, such as universities'
closure (Fernández-Ballesteros and Sánchez-Izquierdo, 2021).

As contrary to this, Sharan Poovanna and Madhurima Nandy (2021) Organization faced the loss
of income that may contribute to poor mental health. If discuss about IT sectors, the economy
has got a downturn that shows job loss is associated with enhancement of depression, anxiety,
distress, and low self-esteem; this thing direct to higher rates of substance use disorder or suicide
that directly affect the human psychological aspect. This thing created higher rates of symptoms
of mental illness, those who have without a job. Many essential workers faced many issues,
including a greater risk of contracting the COVID than other workers (Buheji and Buheji, 2020).
Compared to the non-essential workforce, they are majorly affected through depressive disorder,
symptoms of anxiety, starting and enhancing substance use of and suicidal thoughts due to this
pandemic. In context to Infosys, Bangalore, psychological factors cover the interaction between
and among work environment, job content, organisational conditions and worker's capacities,
need culture, personal extra job consideration that may, by the prospective and previous aspect
that influence health, work performance, and job satisfaction (Gedro and et al., 2020). A
workplace required psychological competencies and requirements; there is a good fit between
employees' interpersonal and emotional competencies, their job quality, and the designation they
hold. The excellent fit defines an employee familiar with technical skills and knowing a
particular position and the psychological and emotional intelligence skills that include self-
awareness, impulse control, persistence, self-motivation, empathy, and social deftness to perform
the job well. A good fit is essential, and it is associated with fewer health complaints, lower level
of depression, greater self-esteem, a more positive self-concept, increased performance,
employee retention, and job satisfaction. If an employee is not mentally fit, it can affect social
life and personal life, which stops growth and development. In an organisation, employees are
received encouragement to support and develop interpersonal, job, and emotional skills, which
provides internal or external opportunities for the employee to improve their repertoire of
competencies. It assists human resources with their current jobs as well as prepares them for
future positions. As per the growth and development perspective, it is mandatory to do because it
increases goal commitment, organisational commitment, and job satisfaction. This thing keeps
motivated or happy to the employee. It also gives skill acquisition on career development
directly increase employee well-being (Gill, 2020). It assures that opportunities go beyond
learning specific technical skills and involve opportunities to seek personal and interpersonal
skills critical to caring for oneself and relating to others.

Psychological attributes encompass the mental, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions that
support the employee in every aspect. If organisations give appraisals and keep motivated to
them, they feel happy and encourage towards their work. In the IT sector, there is much
competition because it is a vast and wide corporate sector so, employees have to be mentally fit
to cope with various kinds of difficulties to manage or give their best result to the organisation
(Fernández-Ballesteros and Sánchez-Izquierdo, 2021). Suppose they are mentally week they
unable to survive. In another aspect, there is continuous work in front of monitor and laptop
screens in the IT sector. This thing creates pressure on the mind, and it will affect human
psychology, such as anxiety, palpitation, or various issues which is not suitable for health. This
thing will have a harmful impact like overthinking issues, lack of happiness that push toward the
negativity (Hill, Bennett, and Hunter, 2021).
2.2 Relationship between psychosocial attributes and work attitude of
employees.
As per the Salima Hamouche (2020) viewpoint, psychosocial factors at employees' work can be
defined as the relationship between and among job specification, workplace environment,
company's conditions, and worker’s capacities, needs, and culture. Through perceptions and
experience of employee’s influences health, work performance, and job contentment (Jakovljevic
and et al., 2020). There are some psychosocial risk factors in the workplace. It includes
Psychological support, company culture, clear leadership & expectations, growth &
development, recognition & reward, engagement, balance, workload management, involvement
& safety protection of physical safety (Gill, R. 2020). On the other hand, it's essential to
understand whether employee attitudes influence organizational engagement. In most situations,
a positive attitude leads to positive habits and a negative attitude leads to negative behaviors.
Employees who trust in the company's products are more likely to communicate directly with
consumers. (Meyers, G.L., Jacobsen, M. and Henderson, E., 2018).
Under psychological support, supervisors and co-workers positively support the employee not to
create psychological pressure on the organisation's employees. Due to psychological support,
employees have greater job attachment, job commitment and can give their best performance to
the company. Concerning the company's culture, it should be trustworthy, honest, and fair. It is
imperative to have organisational trust within any work to achieve any favourable and social
processes. Clear leadership also clarifies the employees what they need to do and how their work
contributes to the organisation. In the case of growth & development, employees receive