An Overview of Puberty and Sexually Transmitted Diseases Knowledge

This report provides an overview of the normal body changes that occur during puberty in both males and females, including physical and sexual development. It also addresses the increased risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) during this period due to hormonal and sexual changes. The report details several common STDs such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, HIV, syphilis, and HPV, outlining their causes, symptoms, treatments, and potential complications. It emphasizes the importance of education about STDs to reduce their prevalence among young adults. The report concludes by providing references for further reading and research. Desklib provides access to this report along with a suite of AI-powered study tools.

NORMAL BODY
CHANGES
THROUGH PUBERTY
NAME OF THE STUDENT
NAME OF THE UNIVERSITY
AUTHOR NOTE :

Puberty changes
 Puberty is a phase where a series of hormonal
activities further causes physical changes in
both male and female and shaped them as an
adult (Freud, 2018)
Normal changes in puberty:
 Growth of underarm hair.
 Acne.
 Growth of pubic hair.
 changes in genital structure.
 Enhancement in the thickness as well as
length of body hair.
 Change in the sound of the voice.
 Enhancement in weight. Figure : puberty
Source: (Freud,
2018)

Puberty in female:
Changes in puberty may occur gradually or
several changes visits at times. Hormonal changes
in body further responsible for physical and
sexual changes (Ha et al., 2015).
Development
of breast bud
and breast
continued to
enlarge
Hair around
genitals
Increase in
weight and
height
Menstrual
cycle
Increase in
oil in skin
and sweaty
Increase in
oil in skin
and sweaty
increase in
progesterone
and estrogen
Figure : puberty in
women
Source: (Freud,
2018)

Puberty in male
 Changes in puberty may occur gradually or
several changes visits at times. Hormonal
changes in body further responsible for
physical and sexual changes.
enlargement
of the scrotum
Hair around
genitals (Witchel
& Topaloglu,
2019).
Increase
in feet,
arm
Growth in
facial hair
Increase in
testostero
ne
Figure : puberty in
men
Source: (Freud,
2018)

Sexually transmitted disease
 As hormonal changes occur during puberty, one of the crucial
changes observed in the body is sexual changes. Therefore,
young adults are more prone to sexually transmitted disease
without having adequate knowledge of managing the disease
(Workowski & Bolan, 2015).
 The most common sexually transmitted disease observed in
young adults are Gonorrhea, Chlamydia, Herpes, HIV, Syphilis,
HPV
 The education about the sexually transmitted disease is
required to reduce the prevalence of sexually transmitted disease

Gonorrhea
Cause
Sexually transmitted
diseases caused by
gram negative bacteria
Neisseria gonorrhea.
during unprotected
sexual activities The
other activities such as
alcohol abuse and drug
abuse is identified as
the cause of sexually
transmitted disease
(Workowski, 2015).
Symptoms
Symptoms in men :
• Swelling pain in testicles
• Increased frequency of urination
• persistent discharge from penis
• Frequent sore throat
( Workowski, 2015).
Symptoms in women :
• Discharge from vagina
• pain in urination
• heavy menstrual cycle
Treatment and
complications
• No home remedy foe
reduction of complications
• antibiotic injection of
Ceftriaxone
• single dose of Azithromycin
complications:
• Greatest risk of long term
complications
• Causes pelvic
inflammation disease
• Ectopic pregnancy in
women

Chlamydia
Causes
Sexually transmitted diseases
caused by gram negative
bacteria
Chlamydia trachomatis
during unprotected sexual
activities. New born baby
acquire it from mother during
pregnancy . Other risk factors
are having sex with multiple
partner and individual with
infections (Unemo et al.,
2017).
symptoms
• Most people do not notice
the infection caused by
chlamydia.
• pain in lower abdomen
• Green and yellow
discharge from genitals
( Workowski, 2015).
• Sore throat
• Severe bleeding during
period
Treatment and
complications
• It is easy to treat with
antibiotic
• Doxycycline administrate
for twice a day
complication for female :
• Damage in urethra, cervix
and ovaries
• Eye infection and
pneumonia
Complication in male :
Epididymitis, fever and
damage of prostate gland

Herpes
Causes
Sexually transmitted
diseases caused by two
types of herpes simplex
virus. First type causes
cold sores and second
type causes genital
herpes. It causes
sexually transmitted
disease only when type
2 herpes virus found in
fluid, saliva, vaginal or
penis secretion (Alcaide
et al., 2016)
symptoms
• Blisters in face, mouth
and other sites of
body
• itching and redness
• Blisters ay become
ulcerated
• Lymph gland become
swollen
• Headache, body ache
and fever
• Babies born with
genital herpes
Treatment and
complications
• The antiviral drugs such as
Zoravir, famvir , acyclovir can
mange the infection
• home care such as cleaning
the area with mild cleanser
and warm water can reduce
the disease.
• Complications:
No such complications can
observed . Only babies with
genital herpes experience
blindness, brain damage and
death

HIV (human immunodeficiency
virus)
cause
Most advance stage of
HIV infection causes
AIDS and the
prevalence observed
when the HIV
transmitted to another
person through blood,
vaginal secretion and
breast milk.
Symptoms
• joint pain
• muscle aches
•
enlarged glands
• Tiredness and weakness
• secondary infection by
bacteria, parasite or
fungus
• weightless
Treatment and
complications
• No potential cure is
available for reducing HIV
infection
• antiviral such as
elvitegravir, raltegravir can
be used.
Complications :
If untreated then give rise to
opportunistic infections such
as histoplasmosis , Kaposi’s
sarcoma and herpes infection

Syphilis
Causes
• Sexauilly transmitted
disease caused by
Treponema pallidum
during unprotected
sex, multiple sex
partner and HIV
infection
symptoms
• Wide spread rashes
in feet and arm,
limbs and trunks
• Major disease of
heart, bone and
liver,, brain disorder
Treatment and
complication
• doxycycline,
tetracycline,
azithromycin, or
ceftriaxone
• penicillin
complications:
general complications
are meningitis, stroke
and dementia

HPV (Human Papillomavirus )
Cause
Sexually transmitted
disease caused by
Human
Papillomavirus.
Transmission
occurred because of
skin to skin contact
symptoms
• Genital warts
• clusters
• Commonly affected
vulva
• Possible cervix and in
men scrotum.
Treatment and
complication
• Treatment is
depends on stage.
• Antiviral drugs such
as acyclovir can be
used
• anti tumor
medications can be
used
Complications:

References :
Alcaide, M. L., Feaster, D. J., Duan, R., Cohen, S., Diaz, C., Castro, J.
G., ... & Metsch, L. R. (2016). The incidence of Trichomonas
vaginalis infection in women attending nine sexually transmitted
diseases clinics in the USA. Sex Transm Infect, 92(1), 58-62.
Freud, S. (2018). The transformations of puberty. In Adolescence
and Psychoanalysis (pp. 17-42). Routledge.
Ha, S., Pogany, L., Seto, J., Wu, J., Gale-Rowe, M., Traversy, G. P., ...
& Coombs, A. (2017). Sexually transmitted infections. CCDR, 43.
Unemo, M., Bradshaw, C. S., Hocking, J. S., de Vries, H. J., Francis, S.
C., Mabey, D., ... & Peeling, R. W. (2017). Sexually transmitted
infections: challenges ahead. The Lancet infectious
diseases, 17(8), e235-e279.

References:
Witchel, S. F., & Topaloglu, A. K. (2019). Puberty: gonadarche and
adrenarche. In Yen and Jaffe's Reproductive Endocrinology
(Eighth Edition) (pp. 394-446).
Workowski, K. A. (2015). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. Clinical
Infectious Diseases, 61(suppl_8), S759-S762.
Workowski, K. A., & Bolan, G. A. (2015). Sexually transmitted
diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. MMWR. Recommendations
and reports: Morbidity and mortality weekly report.
Recommendations and reports, 64(RR-03), 1.

Thank you