University of Glasgow MSc Project: Animal Life Attitudes Research

This project, undertaken by a student at the University of Glasgow for their MSc in Animal Welfare Science, Ethics and Law, investigates public attitudes toward the quantity of animal life, particularly focusing on factors influencing these perceptions. The research employed a survey methodology, utilizing questionnaires to gather data from 335 participants. The study explores the meaning and concept of quantity of animal life, the factors influencing public attitudes toward it, and potential strategies for influencing these attitudes. The findings, presented in a detailed report with tables and charts, cover demographic information, attitudes toward animal sentience, and views on euthanasia. The project includes an introduction, materials and methods section detailing the research design and data analysis, results, a comprehensive literature review, and a discussion and conclusion section, offering recommendations for influencing public attitudes towards animal welfare and the quantity of animal life. The project aims to contribute to a deeper understanding of human-animal relationships and the ethical considerations surrounding animal welfare.

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Abstract
This study emphasizes on evaluating factors influencing public attitudes towards animal’s
quantity of life. In this section, many sections have been considered as it is imperative to
understand the study effectively named as an introduction, material and methods, results,
discussion, and conclusion and recommendation. The introduction section of this study is
effective to comprehend the background of the study. It is also effective to know the
significance of this study. In this, the research aim and objectives section demonstrate that
actual concern for which the study has completed. The literature review section is imperative
to increase conceptual understanding about the quantity of animal life. It also depicted that
social, cultural, and perceptual factor could also affect the perception of human towards the
quantity of animal life. In this study, the survey through questionnaire method has been
practiced by the researcher as it facilitates to collect direct responses of the research
candidates towards the research issue. For conducting this study, 335 participants have been
selected to conduct this study. For this study, the primary, as well as a secondary data
collection method, has been practiced by the researcher as it facilitates to make a positive
result. The conclusion section demonstrated that the animal was is essential for the current
era as it could be effective to make a connection between human and animals.
Keywords (3-6 items)
Survey through a questionnaire, quantity of animal life, data collection method

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................5
Research background..............................................................................................................5
Research aim and objectives...................................................................................................6
Research questions..................................................................................................................6
Research significance.............................................................................................................6
Materials and Methods...............................................................................................................7
Philosophies............................................................................................................................9
Approaches.............................................................................................................................9
Research Strategy.................................................................................................................10
Research Design...................................................................................................................10
Data Collection Method........................................................................................................11
Data Analysis Method..........................................................................................................11
Ethical Consideration............................................................................................................12
Result........................................................................................................................................13
Conclusion................................................................................................................................45
References................................................................................................................................46
Appendix..................................................................................................................................49
Table 1: Gender........................................................................................................................13
Table 2: Age.............................................................................................................................14
Table 3: Please state your highest level of education..............................................................14
Table 4: Status level.................................................................................................................15
Table 5: Nationality..................................................................................................................16
Table 6: Do you consider yourself to be Vegetarian or Vegan................................................17
Table 7: Do you identify yourself as belonging to any religion?.............................................18
Table 8: Do you currently own a pet........................................................................................19
Table 9: Have you owned a pet in the past..............................................................................20
Table 10: What type of pets do you currently..........................................................................20
Table 11: Humans have a soul but animals do not...................................................................21
Table 12: Humans can think but animals cannot.....................................................................22
Table 13: People have a life after death but animals do not....................................................23
Table 14: People are animals...................................................................................................24
Table 15: Animals are afraid of death......................................................................................25
Table 16: People evolved from lower animals.........................................................................26
Table 17: People are superior to animals.................................................................................27
Table 18: Animals can fall in love...........................................................................................28
Table 19: People have a spiritual nature but animals do not....................................................29
Table 20: The needs of people should always come before the needs of animals...................30
Table 21: It’s ok to use animals to carry out tasks for humans................................................31
Table 22: It’s crazy to think of an animal as a member of your family...................................32
Table 23: Painlessly ending the rabbit’s life is wrong because it prevents the rabbit from
having future positive experiences...........................................................................................33
Table 24: All that matters is that the rabbit had a good life, so painlessly ending its life is not
a problem..................................................................................................................................34
Table 25: Although the rabbit won’t suffer, ending its life painlessly without a good reason
might make us value animals less............................................................................................35
Table 26: The rabbit has a right to life.....................................................................................36
Table 27: Painlessly ending the life of a young rabbit is worse than for an older rabbit.........37

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Table 28: Rabbits do not have future plans and don’t fear death, so painlessly ending their life
is not a problem........................................................................................................................38
Table 29: Do you consider rabbits to be (tick all that apply)...................................................41
Chart 1: Gender........................................................................................................................13
Chart 2: Age.............................................................................................................................14
Chart 3: Please state your highest level of education...............................................................15
Chart 4: Status level.................................................................................................................15
Chart 5: Nationality..................................................................................................................16
Chart 6: Do you consider yourself to be Vegetarian or Vegan................................................17
Chart 7: Do you identify yourself as belonging to any religion?.............................................18
Chart 8: Do you currently own a pet........................................................................................19
Chart 9: Have you owned a pet in the past...............................................................................20
Chart 10: What type of pets do you currently..........................................................................21
Chart 11: Humans have a soul but animals do not...................................................................22
Chart 12: Humans can think but animals cannot.....................................................................22
Chart 13: People have a life after death but animals do not.....................................................23
Chart 14: People are animals....................................................................................................24
Chart 15: Animals are afraid of death......................................................................................25
Chart 16: People evolved from lower animals.........................................................................26
Chart 17: People are superior to animals.................................................................................27
Chart 18: Animals can fall in love...........................................................................................28
Chart 19: People have a spiritual nature but animals do not....................................................29
Chart 20: The needs of people should always come before the needs of animals...................30
Chart 21: It’s ok to use animals to carry out tasks for humans................................................31
Chart 22: It’s crazy to think of an animal as a member of your family...................................32
Chart 23: Painlessly ending the rabbit’s life is wrong because it prevents the rabbit from
having future positive experiences...........................................................................................33
Chart 24: All that matters is that the rabbit had a good life, so painlessly ending its life is not
a problem..................................................................................................................................34
Chart 25: Although the rabbit won’t suffer, ending its life painlessly without a good reason
might make us value animals less............................................................................................36
Chart 26: The rabbit has a right to life.....................................................................................36
Chart 27: Painlessly ending the life of a young rabbit is worse than for an older rabbit.........37
Chart 28: Rabbits do not have future plans and don’t fear death, so painlessly ending their life
is not a problem........................................................................................................................39
Chart 29: In your opinion, national laws should make painlessly ending the life of young
rabbits.......................................................................................................................................40
Chart 30: Do you consider rabbits to be (tick all that apply)...................................................41

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Introduction
Research background
In the current era, it is imperative for people to increase their understanding of the factors that
influence their attitudes towards the animal’s quantity of life. The quantity of animal life is
essential for increasing the life years of animals (Wilkins, et al., 2015). Further, there are
certain factors that might affect the behavior of human towards the quantity of animal life
named as social, cultural, and personal aspect. It is stated that an individual who has their
personal belief towards the animals then they could be capable to comprehend illness reason
of people and supported to make a decision effectively (Schuppli, et al., 2015).
It is also illustrated that sometimes people want to some right act towards the animal but to
due to their culture they are failed to do this as it might affect the quantity of animal life. The
surrounding of an individual could imperative elements in the current era, the people of
society could also be affected by the quantity of animal life directly. Hence it is stated that a
government should make laws towards the quantity of animal life for securing their life and
increase the life experience positively (Mellor, 2016).
It is also founded that government should make the animal welfare programs by which people
could give their contribution to the health of animals. It is also founded that individual
awareness could be effective for the attainment of the organizational task. It is also illustrated
that the quantity of life is essential in getting a reliable outcome. It is also illustrated that the
quantity of animal life could be essential for animal life (Spannring, 2017). It is also founded
that the government could use social media and increase the awareness of people towards the
importance of animal life.
In the recent era, the social media is an effective source that is used by most of the people as
it offers an opportunity to directly meet with the people and comprehend what they think
about the quantity of animal life and increased their understanding accordingly (Cembalo, et

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al., 2016). In the current era, it is mandatory for all the individual who exists on the earth
could beware about the quantity of animal lives. The government should try to use the best
way to control the factors that might be affected by the behavior of individuals towards
animal life (Serpell, et al., 2017).
Research aim and objectives
The main purpose of this study is to examine factors influencing public attitudes towards
animal’s quantity of life. The following objectives will be met by the researcher to research at
a reliable aim:
 Comprehend the quantity of animal life
 Critically evaluates factors influencing public attitudes towards animal’s quantity of
life
 Recommended strategies for influencing public attitudes towards animal’s quantity of
life
Research questions
 What is the meaning and concept of quantity of animal life
 What are the factors influencing public attitudes towards animal’s quantity of life
 Which strategies are effective in influencing public attitudes towards animal’s
quantity of life
Research significance
This research is effective in comprehended many factors that might change the behavior of
people towards the animal’s quantity of life. This study will also support to comprehend how
much the quantity of life is imperative for a rabbit. This research also aids the researcher to
comprehend different methods that have been considered to collect the data in the context of
the research matter named as qualitative as well as a quantitative method.

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Materials and Methods
Animal quantity of life
As per the view of Caviola et al. (2019), the key step in dimension is to be comprehensible
regarding what is to be assessed. It is identified that in social science, quantity of life contains
the objective living circumstances as well as, subjective satisfaction with them. In a medical
manner, quantity of life describes the health-related subjective well-being of a person. Within
the dimension of animal welfare, the previous conceptualization could be effective for farm
animals, in which principle interest is in the impact of standard situations on the group.
In contrast to this, Ingold (2016) stated that the feasible strategy for companion animals is to
emphasize an individual whose conditions are likely to be distinctive. In the sector of human
health, quantity of life measures for people is related to the perception of an individual
towards their life position. It is also associated with the value system and culture where they
live as well as, in the context of standard, expectations, goals as well as, concerns.
According to Monamy (2017) quantity of life is a wide-ranging concept that can affect the
complex manner by physical health of an individual, individual beliefs, social associations,
psychological state as well as their association to essential characteristics of their
atmospheres. It is also influenced through psychological, physical as well as, social state i.e.
associated with the perception of an individual. It distinguishes the quantity of life from
health as well as, demonstrates the perception that QoL is subjective with complex.
Moreover, it could be adequately analyzed through the perspective of a person.
In opposed to this, De Backer and Hudders (2015) defined that welfare is practiced in the
context of both animal and human fields wherever an individual has the accountability related
to others. In addition, welfare is a complex construct that integrates both objectives as well
as, subjective aspect for a condition related to life for animals. For illustration, five freedoms
are described in farm animal welfare council. The significance of animal welfare is related to

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the factor that helps in understanding, and recognize animal feelings. Along with this,
practical welfare measurement is still highly concerned with making sure to provide a
minimum standard for care.
As per the view of Tuan, (2017) when a person adopts for an animal with conceptualization
then there is need to consider the quantity of life in a veterinary. In addition, animal science
provides the chance to create the explicit the significance of a person aspect. It also
effectively shift emphasize in animal welfare from the avoidance of poor quantity of life to
the achievement of a better quantity of life.
In oppose to this, Borgi and Cirulli, (2015) stated that some culture has given more value to
cow hence they do not do any bad act with them and tried to maintain the quantity of cow
life. Thus, there are many cultures they prefer to the consumer the animal in their daily meals
due to their society hence it can be stated that the culture is an imperative element that
affected to the quantity of animal life. It can be illustrated that the surroundings of an
individual could also affect the behavior towards the quantity of an animal’s life
On the other hand, Lee and Ro, (2016) illustrated that the societal factor could affect the
behavior of an individual to conduct the behavior with the animal. Thus, it is stated that
society is an imperative part as it affected the overall behavior. Hence, an individual should
have control over their self for conducting suitable behavior in the favor of animal for
improving their quantity of life.
Methods
The researcher has exercised onion research framework to perform the research study in an
appropriate way. A key aim of this research work is to assess the attitude of humanity
towards the quantity of animals life. Research methodology chapter entails different aspects
such as research philosophy, research strategies and evaluation of present attitude of human
regarding animal welfare. This research framework allows the research scholar to gain depth

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understanding with respect to different approaches before conducting the research study
which provides more accurate research result.
Philosophies:
Research scholar has practiced positivism research philosophy as a hypothesis is required to
perform the investigation. Positivism research philosophy delivers highly organized
methodology like developing a relevant hypothesis, proving, accepting or rejecting the
hypothesis and analyzing the research outcome as per generalization (Payne, et al., 2015). It
also assists in getting the authentic conclusion related to the attitude of humans towards the
quantity life of animals. In order to this, the survey through questionnaire has performed by
an investigator to analyze the satisfaction level of people who keep pets at their home.
Primary data has pooled through positivism philosophy by collecting opinion and perception
of pet lover towards their experience associated with their pet. In contrast to this,
interpretivism and realism research philosophies are not be practiced by the investigator as it
leads the researcher to get the views and beliefs of research candidates (Webber, et al. 2017).
Approaches:

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Research approach considers inductive and deductive research approach that could be utilized
for evaluating the research outcome and improves the authenticity of research result. Under
the inductive research approach, relevant data is pooled on the basis of developed theories
that assist in improving the lives of animals. Whereas, the hypothesis is generated under the
deductive research approach by the researcher as per the requirement of research work.
Survey method has executed by an investigator to comprehend knowledge related to the
attitude of humanity towards the quantity life of animals. After generating the hypothesis
quantity life of animals could be improved by enhancing the positive attitude of human
(Veevers, 2016).
Research Strategy:
Different types of research strategy are practiced in the research work to evaluate the attitude
of human with respect to the animal’s quantity life. Certain strategies are named as
ethnography, action research, archival research, grounded theory and survey method (Fine,
2019). In order to assess the human’s attitude towards the animal’s quantity life, a survey has
conducted by the investigator. It has performed on 335 people who belong from a different
country to get their perception and views related to the current research concern. 10 questions
are entailed in the survey through questionnaire and the primary aim of this research work is
to accumulate the responses of humans towards the quantity life of animals (Amiot and
Bastian, 2015).
Research Design
Mix research design has selected by the investigator to accomplish this research work in
minimum time duration as this design consist features of both quantitative and qualitative
research design (Hocquette, 2016). In such way, responses of research participants have
determined by quantitative research design whereas, qualitative research is profitable for

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analyzing the association between attitude of human and animal’s quantity life (Caracciolo, et
al., 2016).
Data Collection Method
Both data gathering tool primary as well as secondary has exercised by the researcher to
conduct the research work on assessing the attitude of humans towards the quantity life of
animals (Mancini, 2017). Primary data pooling method is advantageous in making effective
communication with the people and obtains their views related to the research concern.
Whereas secondary data assist in developing theoretical understanding towards the research
issues since, these data have pooled by several sources such as websites, books, journals and
articles (Miranda-De La Lama, et al., 2017).
Sampling
Probability sampling tool with simple random technique has practiced by the investigator to
select the research participants for conducting the survey. The main reason to choose the
simple random sampling tool is that it provides a delegate sample by eliminating biases from
the selection procedure of respondents (Weary, et al., 2016). In this way, 335 participants
have chosen who belong from the different nation because it is profitable for attaining the
numerous views and beliefs of candidates related to research issues.
Data Analysis Method
Statistical data analysis has practiced by the investigator to perform this research work as it is
profitable for interpreting the evaluated data in a methodological way (De Groot, 2018).
Along with this, it also facilitates the research scholar to illustrate the descriptive statistics of
data like cross-tabulation, correlation, and regression (Rapoport, 2016). MS-excel and SPSS
software program has exercised by the researcher to exhibit the pooled data in the tabular and
graphical manner. It is also advantageous for comprehending knowledge related to the
findings and responses of research dilemma (Borgi and Cirulli, 2016).

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Ethical Consideration
Ethical consideration leads the research scholar to maintain the reliability of gathered figures
and facts as well as also aids in accumulating the authentic data from the candidates in a
comprehensible manner (Broom, 2016). Certain policies have followed by the researcher to
protect the privacy of research participants and also make them assure that their personal
information would not be shared to anyone before or after accomplishing the research work.
Hence, the researcher has decreased various ethical issues from the research work associated
with the confidentiality of respondent’s data, plagiarism, research figures and facts (Meena,
et al., 2016).