Analysis of Public Health's Role in Health and Social Care: UK Context

This report analyzes the pivotal role of public health in health and social care, focusing on the UK context. It examines various organizations like WHO and NHS, and their strategies for monitoring and controlling diseases such as HIV and cardiovascular disease. The report delves into epidemiological data, highlighting prevalence rates and the impact of different health interventions. It also addresses the prioritization of diseases, prevention strategies (primary, secondary, and tertiary), and the influence of various factors (eating habits, substance intake) on public health. The report emphasizes the importance of public health in managing birth and death rates and promoting overall well-being within communities, with a focus on the role of public health in preventive measures and healthcare services. The assignment covers the implications of diseases, provisions of social and health care services, and factors influencing health and well-being in social care.

Role of Public Health in
Health and Social Care

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
1.1 ..........................................................................................................................................4
1.2 ..........................................................................................................................................4
1.3 ..........................................................................................................................................6
2.1 ..........................................................................................................................................7
2.2 ..........................................................................................................................................7
2.3 ..........................................................................................................................................8
3.1 ..........................................................................................................................................9
3.2 ..........................................................................................................................................9
3.3 ........................................................................................................................................10
3.4 .......................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Public health helps to improve lifestyle of communities or individuals by preventing and
destroying various type of diseases is known as public health. It is completely concerned with
protection of the good health of whole population of any country. Health and social care is
system that helps to people for improvement of their lifestyle. It refers to an art or science to
promote well-being of people and prevent society from harmful diseases (Braveman and
Gottlieb, 2014). Public health helps in health improvement, collective responsibility and health
protection for health, prevention and protection of diseases. This assignment is going to reveal
the role of health and social care sectors for well-being of people. It includes 3 tasks, first task
will explain the number of approaches as well as strategies for monitoring, measuring and
controlling the incidence of diseases in particular community. Second task includes implications
of diseases and their provision of social and health care services. And the third task explains
factors influence health and well being of people in social care.
MAIN BODY
Health and social care are closely interrelated and integrated in United Kingdom. The
given case tells that earlier global life expectancy at the birth was only 46 but then it increased
over 71. Meanwhile, deaths which may preoccupy people from war, natural disasters and
terrorism which make up less than the 0.5% of deaths combined. More than 70% people die from
non- communicable and chronic diseases, biggest single killer is the cardiovascular disease that
affects arteries and heart. There are several deaths due to not preventing certain diseases which is
with preventable causes. Child mortality rates decreased since vaccine invented, and
improvements in nutrition, healthcare, clean water and hygiene access.
Concept of public health plays vital role to development of social and health care. There
are several private and public authority that can provides help and service to face all non-
communicable and communicable diseases, so public health is great concept and also has very
good impact on human mind and body (Brett and et. al., 2014). The main aim of public health to
raise awareness of the factors that influence public health care and various approaches taken to
decrease incidence of illness and disease in communities.

1.1
Several organizations provide services for social and health care in United Kingdom and
all over the world such as World Health Organisation, National Health Service and General
Medical Council. These are world wide and helps people to get services of social and health care.
General medical council helps for identifying the well-being of people and health related
problems in communities. This works for the protection of individuals by improving medical
education and practice in United Kingdom. This council set the standards for medication services
and medical professionals which are provided to patients for their well-beings. They mainly
believe in proving best services to all patients (Eggleston and Finkelstein, 2014). They
contribute to identify level of diseases and health by conducting survey and also setting standards
for physicians in such a way that they can low down level of current diseases. National health
services is biggest service which provides services free of the cost to people of country. NHS
commissioning deals with providing an effective service which meet need of that population.
National health service is patient led organization as it offers list of services to patients and final
decision has to made by after consulting patient. This also collaborates with WHO in the
activities of identifying levels of diseases and health.
World health organization not only provides the services to people but also give support
to private healthcare association which are working for well-being of society. They serve health
organization on country basis, specifically provides services to health care system which are at
introductory stage that are not doing work properly in their sector. This also includes health
centres and research laboratories from nation, provincial & local level and makes network to
work effectively (Stanhope and Lancaster, 2015). According to the case earlier there were were
no public health services for people which was increasing mortality rate. Due to lack of public
health care service there were no preventive measuring for certain preventive diseases but later
public health services established and these agencies played a major role to prevent and control
certain diseases in community.
1.2
Epidemiology refers to a study of the determinants and distribution of events related to
health like diseases and application of the study to regulation of diseases as well as other health
problems. It gather and analyse data then monitor that particular disease, investigate outbreak
which is leading to prevent or control of epidemics and community health problems

(Tangcharoensathien, Mills and Palu, 2015). This also identify health issues and evaluate health
programmes. The below statistical data will explain the epidemiology of HIV in UK.
Illustration: HIV in the UK statistics- 2017
According to the above statistical data which tells that in 2017, it was calculated that over
101,600 individuals are diagnosed with HIV that reflects that approximate 1 from each 12 people
are suffering from HIV disease in United Kingdom, but they do not have any awareness of the
same. 98% of individuals are diagnosed with the HIV in UK are on the treatment. 97% of people
who are on treatment are virally suppressed that means they can not pass virus on. From 2008 to
2017 number of people who are accessing HIV care has been enhanced by 54%.
As per the below statistical data it has been estimated that five million individuals in UK
are suffering from cardio vascular disease which means that about each 7th adult of population
faces same disease. Heart related conditions are widespread in United Kingdom. Between 50%
to 60% people are estimated with coronary heart disease and 40-50% of individuals diagnosed
for Coronary heart disease (Davies and et. al., 2014). The treatment of coronary heart disease
reduced the heart failure to even less than 10%. with the help of public health care services it was
possible to reduce the severity of disease in individuals of United Kingdom which helped them
to take appropriate care and treatment.

1.3
Strategies and approaches adopted by the public health care services to control HIV and
Cardiovascular disease in UK are such as national health service setup under aegis of
Department of Health has different schemes and programs are organised in order to prevent
people from HIV and cardiovascular disease in UK. Programs to prevent and control
cardiovascular disease like setup some screening programs under aegis of the Public Health
England. Supporting different local agencies and governments on Research and Development
and also Clinical Researches on the particular issue, government should run some kind of
projects for this (Marmot and Allen, 2014). This will help to provide diagnosis and treatment for
those patients who are suffering with the cardiovascular disease so that they can overcome with
the particular issue.
In United Kingdom there are various programs that helps to reduce and prevent HIV in
that population. Screening programs like Health Protection Agency that comes under public
health care service supporting different local agencies. Supporting several charities, NGOs and
research facilities in UK. With the help of these approaches helps individuals to get a proper care
and treatment for their health problems. As per the case all these strategies and approaches are
progressed to identify the disease in particular population so that suffered people can be screened
and get the treatment according to their requirements. This strategies of public health care
Illustration: Cardiovascular Disease

prevent diseases and control causes which are widespread in UK. This will also helps to reduce
the morality rate which is a cause of different diseases in country.
2.1
There are some of diseases which should be prevented as priority. The main focus of the
assignment is on HIV and cardiovascular disease, which is essential for identifying the priority in
health issues because it helps to preventive measures that can control spread of that particular
disease. HIV is severe disease which affect on population of UK. Prevention of HIV should be
priority for health and social care setting that can safeguard individuals from this disease.
Prevention involves primary, secondary and tertiary prevention (Frow, McColl-Kennedy and
Payne, 2016). Primary prevention can be defined as initial preventive measures for preventing
the society from widely spread and incurable disease by educating them about how such kind of
disease can spread and their issues. In UK there are several programs which helps to prevent
HIV in population by creating awareness like CHPAS and NAHIP. Secondary prevention is
screening and detection of pathogen which are acts as carrier for particular disease. NHS has
introduced health care program in which blood test is done for every pregnant woman in UK.
The person who is having HIV should be treated so that infection can not be spread further to
other people. Tertiary prevention include taking care of individuals who are having HIV
diseases. In this palliative care is provided to patient which involves medical and emotional care
to patients and their family to better the quality of life.
To prevent cardiovascular diseases in people NHS runs several program which educate
people about the prevention and what are symptoms for these diseases in UK. With the help of
public health care services patients who are suffering with coronary disease are screened and
then taken under treatment so that they can cure it at earlier stage (Coyte and McKeever, 2016).
If person is at last stage of disease, these services can not cure but they can provide relief from
illness. NHS invested lot of train palliative care centres such type of services can be given to
diseased individuals in UK. According to case public health care should set priorities to
provision of services it helps individuals who are with illness.
2.2
Disease prevalence is proportion of the total population which is caused due to a
particular disease. This provides information about total number of individuals who are facing
illness from total number of individuals who are studied. This information helps to get an idea to

plan about services which required to given in respect of problem. Estimating prevalence rates
helps people in social and health care settings to recognise health needs. This aids to develop
programs which can be implemented to prevent diseases. The other epidemiological tools gives
content about reach of diseases which helps to intake measures accordingly. Health care people
have knowledge about the root causes of particular disease and data regarding areas where
population is prone to disease, they will target that area first. It can easily target population with
higher risk for the particular disease by studying data regarding causes.
Prior knowledge of causes and effects of disease proves to beneficial foe health care
individuals in the allocating resources which gives them idea to prioritize resources and tasks.
Public health care services collect the data regarding severity of disease and then steps which can
be taken to reduce affect of diseases by providing care and appropriate treatment in that
population (Brownson, Colditz and Proctor, 2018). This helps both health care and individuals to
get support for their illness so that they can reduce it. According to case prevention and control
of disease is very important to manage the birth as well as death rate.
2.3
Many factors influence health of people like eating habits, exercising, intake of
substances and work culture. All these factors anyhow become reason for disease or illnesses of
person. Many health issues may arise because of bad habits of intake drugs, harmful substances
and alcohols. In United Kingdom there are two main health issues which are found chronic and
severe are intake of drugs and obesity which is most common lifestyle in UK population. Obesity
is a cause of unhealthy eating habits which accumulate fat in body and result in obesity. There
are reasons to raise in number of the obese individuals in UK. Poor diet in UK have bad food
habits of in taking fast food and sugary substances in their diet which results in calories increase
and that leads to obesity. Lack of physical activity makes people unhealthy with their external
body. Now a days it decreased in individuals, sitting jobs are vulnerable to the obesity as eat and
sit not doing any kind of physical workout develops more fat accumulation so most of the people
in UK suffer with obesity.
Smoking is another reason which leads to take health care and social services. Social
health clubs has to be incorporated in community to decrease number of the smokers by support
them to leave habit. Government required to implement education programs to give provide
knowledge of negative effects of smoking on person's health. Such type of poor lifestyle in

people increase needs of health and social care services. Good lifestyle has to be followed that
always effect in positive way in person's body and that will also decrease risk of diseases that
reduces needs of health and social care services.
3.1
The condition which reflects that an individual lives healthy and disease free life is
known as well being. This would can be only be achieved when every people in a society live in
health and positive environment as well as must protect itself from diseases. It is classified as
economical, environmental, physical and social, well-being of any person is related with health.
Different individuals experience different types of diseases and its effects decide choice of the
well-being. Priorities has to be made accordance with effects of illness. Some patients have
health issues related to mental health which can be reduced by supporting them, social and
emotional support helps people to reduce their mental health condition and also the chronic
diseases. There are some factors which affect well-being and health of person.
Physical health refers to capacity of human body to function, if any person's body
working properly then he is considered as physically healthy. To become physically fit, person
needs to follow certain rules such as intake of diet which is full of nutrition, proper management
of the weight and exercise (Fotaki, 2014). Mental health of individual deals with state of being
the mentally sound. Due to stress and trauma person can become mentally ill and it can affect the
way brain functions. Social health problem generated because of bad social environment around
an individual. Being social healthy refers to keeping oneself and community safe and protect
from diseases, this also include social programs which educate individuals about effects and
causes of prevailing diseases.
3.2
In order to promote well-being of people and reduce the conditions that lead to cause
incurable diseases, health care sectors of UK are engaging in running programs for bringing
awareness among people about same. Social care services provided by social health care
systems, this assist carers as well as patient according to their health problems. Social care
includes providing equipments, financial support and more services for well-being of patients.
Information is essential factor which should be include by social healthcare provides. The
information for any disease and health of society helps organisation to function towards
improvement of society. In United Kingdom care home is more efficient healthcare and also

safety providers. Policies for care include the laws passed by government related to health and
safety care system. Best policy of care home is complaint policy which also rights of service
recipients and patients. According to the policy, individuals who are facing any issues related to
treatment can complaint to department formally, then management of social and health care will
take action against it. Quality of service provision refers to health providers see the quality of
service which they are providing to patients. Feedback from people regarding services that helps
to improve quality of care and this can be check by the determining effectiveness of treatments
as well as safety of recipients. There are some rights for people such as Data Protection Act,
Equality Act 2010 and complaints procedure. In UK these act helps to patient to secure their
personal data and to get equal care and treatment.
3.3
Health care settings are performing satisfactory in this field but it can be improved more.
Modification has to be made regarding to demands, policies and strategies which have been for
the adults may not be successful in case of children. Strategies have to make to improve health
care services so that every individual can get all the benefits from these services. Strategies
which have been constructed for children health care purpose should include educating parents
about diseases and their effects on their child. Parents provided with information related to
effects and causes of diseases and need to know about preventive and control measures so that
they can control it (Bethell and et. al., 2014). Healthcare centres which are providing the
remedial care to people should mainly focus on surroundings as well.
Changes can be in UK care homes have policy of complaint helps unsatisfied patients to
get good quality of services. Service providers are giving resident kind of care and the
atmosphere in care homes, this also involve the family members they can also get the benefits.
3.4
Behaviour changes of people can be complete by incorporating good habits in their
lifestyle. Regular exercise seems to be good habit which should be practised by every individual
to get fit including habits from childhood keeps body fit. Social and health care services should
come up with health care clubs which allows individuals from similar age group to do exercise
together. Arranging family sport can fest can also help to improve their life style. Health diet and
exercise is very important for any person health care services should provide information
regarding health and hygiene. Social and health care settings also focus on everyday schedules of

patients and also implement programs according to their requirements. Everyday lifestyle
management is very important in individual's life it helps them to prevent all type of diseases.
CONCLUSION
As the above assignment concluded importance of study epidemiology of illness and
diseases as it gives information regarding incidence rates, geographic distribution and prevalence
rates of diseases in the particular community. Health and social care sectors need to come up
with highly preventive and curable measures for eradicating the incurable diseases. This would
help in maintaining the natality and mortality rate. Health and social care providers give good
services to individual by bringing awareness among them about causes and effects as well as
how they can prevent it.

REFERENCES
Books and journals