This literature review examines diabetes mellitus, a prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels. It explores the rising influence of diabetes, particularly in middle-income nations, highlighting the need for intervention. The review covers the rationale for studying diabetes, its causes including genetics, lifestyle, and complications. It also discusses the research question formulated using the PICO framework, focusing on the effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy provided by dietitians in managing non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The search strategy employed, utilizing databases like Science Direct and keywords, is detailed. The review emphasizes the importance of medical nutrition therapy, highlighting its effectiveness in improving glycemic control and metabolic outcomes, based on the findings of relevant studies and guidelines. This document provides a comprehensive overview of the topic, incorporating the key elements of a literature review, including introduction, rationale, research question, search strategy, main findings, and recommendations.