Public Health in Health and Social Care: A Comprehensive Report

This report delves into the multifaceted realm of public health, examining the roles of various agencies in identifying health and diseases within communities, with a specific focus on the contributions of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Public Health England. It explores the epidemiology of both infectious diseases, such as HIV, and non-infectious diseases, like cancer, providing statistical insights and risk factors. Furthermore, the report outlines diverse approaches and strategies employed to control disease incidence, including immunisation, education, and legislation. It also discusses current priorities in service provision, such as prevention, treatment, and palliative care, as well as the effectiveness of strategies, systems, and policies in health and social care settings. Finally, the report suggests potential changes to improve the well-being and health of individuals within these settings.

Public Health in Health and
Social Care

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
Task 1....................................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Roles of different agencies in identifying levels of health and diseases in communities.............3
1.2 The epidemiology of one infectious and one non-infectious disease........................................4
1.3 Different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease in communities..........5
Task 2....................................................................................................................................................5
Covered in PPT................................................................................................................................5
Task 3....................................................................................................................................................5
Covered in newsletter......................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................1

INTRODUCTION
Public health is the science to protect the humans from disease. Health and social care is the
growing industry across the world. Public health England is agency of the department of health and
social care which is the expert national public health agency. This report will cover Roles of
different agencies in identifying levels of health and diseases in communities. It would focus on
factors influencing the health and well-being of individuals in health and social care settings. It also
considers epidemiology of diseases.
TASK 1
1.1 Roles of different agencies in identifying levels of health and diseases in communities.
As per the view of WHO, Public Health is defined as the art and science of preventing
disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts of society. World Health
Organisation focuses on the condition in which people can be healthy.
Who is responsible for creating policies for healthcare providers. WHO design policies to
solve the health care problems which faced by the population. There are three level of health care
communities such as international level, national level and local level authorities. National level
authority is defined as world health organisation, national level authority defined as public health
England(Brownson, R. C. and et.al., 2017).
At international level World Health Organisation works for formulating strategies and
policies to prevent people from diseases. It provides technical supports to health care providers and
assessing the health trends. WHO monitoring the all situations related to health and social care
services.
Role of WHO – It supervises the health situation in different countries. Health care
standards are also set by WHO and World health organisation monitors actual health situation and
analyses health trends. This supports the firm in making necessary changes in policy through which
well-being of population can be improved.
Public Health England is an agency of health and social care sector in UK that works at
national level. WHO want well-being of the population and with the help of local government they
take action regarding the policies and strategies. Department of health provides health care services
to the people so they can live their life in well manner. They are also responsible for research
regarding prevention of diseases.

Local authorities provide services to people for their well-being. Many people are drug
addict in this era and local authorities provide help to them by organising campaigns. They also
provide accommodation for the persons who are suffering from illness and disability.
1.2 The epidemiology of one infectious and one non-infectious disease
Epidemiology is the study of distribution and determinants of health and disease. It is the
branch of medicine which deals with possible control of diseases and other factor related to health
(Dickinson and Flynn, 2016).
Infectious disease- HIV is the one of infectious disease. HIV stands for human
immunodeficiency virus. Specially it attacks on CD4 cells, which is responsible for protecting
person from dangerous viruses and such infectious elements.
In UK there were 101600 people existed with HIV in 2017. 4363 people diagnosed with
HIV in UK in 2017. In these 53% people were sexual men. If the person is uncircumcised then
chances of HIV are 1 in 161, and if the person is circumcised then the chance of HIV are 1 in 909.
All HIV treatment is free for the persons who are living in UK. 92% of people are diagnosed this
still means that around 1 in 12 people living with HIV in the UK do not know that they have the
virus (Infectious disease in UK, 2018).
Non infectious diseases- Cancer is one of the biggest non infectious disease in the world. A
disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body. It refers to the
growth of tumour which resulting from defected cells.
The epidemiology of cancer is the study of the factors affecting cancer, as a way to infer
possible trends and causes. According to the recent data (2013-2015), each year more than a third,
approx 36% people found with case of cancer. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in UK.
almost 15% of all cases comes with breast cancer. The survival rate in breast cancer is 78%.
(Cancer epidemiology statistics, 2016).
1.3 Different approaches and strategies to control the incidence of disease in communities
There are different approaches to control the diseases in communities and they all are as
following-
Immunisation- It is the process of by which an individuals' immunity system becomes
fortified against the virus. Vaccines stimulate the body's own immune system to protect the person
from diseases and virus. There is no treatment for HIV, scientists are working to create one.
Vaccination could prevent human being from HIV and other infectious diseases (Giesecke, 2017).
Education- Education plays an important role to aware people about the prevention of

diseases. Through education people can know about causes of any disease and treatment available.
If people aware about the precautions of the diseases then they do not perform in wrong way. By
making people aware with the causes and consequences of particular disease authorities can
minimise number of diseased person. Organising health campaigns in school may always support in
raising knowledge of person and individual may protect them self from illness.
Legislation- Legislation also plays a role in prevention of disease. Through the sexual
offences act 2003 the age is fixed by government. It can help the new generation to stay away from
sex and indirectly it is prevention of HIV. Another rule of AIDS is if a person transform HIV to
someone, when they know about the disease then they have to go to jail for 5 years. It is also a
prevention of HIV (Legislation of health care UK, 2018)
2.1 Current priorities and approaches to the provision of services for people with disease or illness
There are different kinds of current priorities and approaches to the provision of services for
people with disease or illness. They are as follows:
Prevention- When an action doing for stop something is called prevention. In term of
diseases prevention is necessary to stop the spreading of bacteria in human body. It is all about the
measurement of make people healthy and prevent them for diseases. No vaccination is introduced to
save the life of people who living with HIV(Giesecke, J., 2017). They should have to aware about
the techniques for prevention.
Treatment- These are provided with the aim of curing population who have been troubled
from infectious and non-infectious diseases. It involves medications, treatment courses etc. that are
given to the people for their well-being. Therapies are also provided to recover from injuries.
Palliative care- It is defined as the care of people who are suffering from disease like HIV
and cancer. Care these type of people like family, which provided by health are organisations. The
objective of the palliative care is to enhance quality of life of the person who is suffering along with
their family members.
Remedial care- AIDS remain incurable, patient are living much longer(Pollett and et.al.,
2016). As per the National Institute of Health there are three antimicrobial drugs fall into three
categories.
• In order to protect this disease patient should need to acquire reverse transcription inhibitors
that helps to keep virus away from replicating.
• Also, patient can take fusion inhibitors that also the cure of the virus from entering healthy
cells.

TASK 2
Covered in PPT
TASK 3
Covered in newsletter
Public England Health
3.1 The health and well-being priorities for individuals in a particular health or social care
setting
It is vital that effective health care services should be furnished to the people so that they
can live a standard and longer quality life. Further, the government always makes efforts for
providing better and effective medical care to the individuals. The health and well-being priorities
of individuals living in that brings comprise prevention and identification of diseases.
It is essential that the health care providers provides their patients with the required safety and
security for their overall well-being. In safety and security they can ensure that their patients are
regularly being checked and treated.
Individuals also need to ensure that they are taking care of themselves as well. They need to ensure
the proper take care of their child's and themselves also from good exercise and diet as well.
Proper diet is also a priority for individuals. In the situation of illness an individual is not aware
about the diet plan but the doctors have to take care about this thing and give them proper diet so
that they will get proper cure.
Hygiene refers to conditions or practices conducive to maintaining health and preventing disease,
especially through cleanliness. Many people aware about the clean place, they want their place full
clean so that they can remain healthy. Also, It is important that the individuals are taking care of
themselves by taking regular check ups and required medicines in case if they have any diseases.
Communication matters at the every phase of life and better communication promotes the positive
environment. Better communication can help the people suffering from diseases to stay away from
depression, anxiety etc. Individuals feel good when will talk to each other also sharing helps one to
feel less burdened.
3.2 Effectiveness of strategies, systems and policies in a health or social care setting
Strategies: Strategies play an important role because they tend to bring different types of actions
from which the health of individual can become better. Strategies such as child centred approach
has proved as an effective one where child from the different areas of the country are taken care of
and provided with the required treatments. Along with it, the families are not burdened from the
issues related to child as they are made free from health or social care settings provisions.
System: Training/qualifications plays an effective role in health care profession. Better training
and better education is effective in the field of healthcare as it provides better outcome to the

patient and it is the system of healthcare organisation which through they can effect to the patients
mind in the proper way.
Policy: Policies tend to play a major role in healthcare practices. They are efficient because
policies tend to provide strict regulations on the social and health care setting. Policies are
important to make sure the government regulations are being applied well and there is no
imbalance.
3.3 Changes that can be made in order to improve the well-being and health of the
individuals in health or social care setting
To implement any changes related to the health and social care one need to understand the
causes related to those changes. If understood well, these causes can make it easy for one to
determine the changes required. Lack of awareness makes one to have lack of knowledge and
understanding of the disease which are spreading throughout the world. To change this, the first
step which needs to be made is to create necessary awareness about the diseases and the factors
that cause them. Governments of the nations across the world can ensure that the necessary
knowledge has been provided to the individual from their childhood about the disease and their
causes. Along with it, it is important that they can use techniques such as promoting necessary
campaigns in areas which are affected widely. The government can use mediums such as radio,
television etc. to create awareness about the diseases and their underlying causes.
Governments can create hospitals to ensure that the individuals and diseases are properly
being taken care of in the country and if not then they should select a committee of people to
understand what problems they are facing. These all measures can help to ensure the necessary
changes and would lead towards improvement.
3.4 Activity that has been implemented to encourage behaviour change for maximisation
health for individual in health and social care setting
In Public Health England, there are several activities placed to encourage behaviour change
and maximise health or social care setting. There are several activities considered that explained
under here:
Health education & Exercises (Aerobics, Yoga) - People suffering from cancer so that side
effects of treatment must show that may affect eating pattern. Requiring and explore new ways
to get the calories, protein and nutrients. Hence, doctors and GPs provide health education to
people to eat healthy and well-balanced diet that help to maintain strength, energy body’s
natural deficits. In this aspect, individual appointment can be with proper dietitian at cancer
resource centre with specific concerns. In general, proper diet and other things must be carry so
that it would help to building blocks without consulting nutritionist to develop personalised
eating plan.
The procedure enables people to increase control over and improve their health. In this regard,
focus on individual behaviour towards wide range of social and environmental interventions in
Public Health England helps to increase encouragement for individual health and social care
settings. For instance, public service announcements, health fairs, mass media campaigns and
newsletters. There are several educational strategies includes such as courses, training and
support groups. Along with it, consultation exercise must be designed in Public Health
England to really target people. In this consideration, it is essential to identify early process
which can be designed accordingly. In Public Health England, consultation exercises can be
helpful to respond adequate and timely. Hence, it assists to focus on sufficient time to provide
considered response.
Right exercises can ensure the less occurrence of disease and the factors causing them. These
exercise can make sure that no one faces troubles such as cancer and AIDS because from doing
them people will adopt a better and healthy lifestyle. Exercises which can be used to avoid

disease are aerobics and yoga. Aerobics is a health oriented exercise which include movement
of the whole body and it also ensures that the one who is performing it is having better health
and fit body. Yoga is another exercise that helps the human body to reform its cells and overall
system. These exercises can ensure the overall good health and fit body with fewer diseases.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that health and social care settings are
important in today's environment. Along with it, the report tends to explore the importance of a
variety of diseases such as Cancer and HIV. The report also puts light on individual social care
preferences and how one should manage in a social care setting, Along with it, the report explores
various ways to deal with issues related to a number of diseases and their cure in the new world.

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Online
Infectious disease in UK.2018. [Online]. Available
through<https://academic.oup.com/jpubhealth/article/36/1/28/1569212>.
Cancer epidemiology statistics.2016.[Online]. Available through
<https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/incidence>
Legislation of health care UK.2018. [Online]. Available through
<https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/hiv-and-aids/livng-with/>.
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