Evidence Based Practice in Public Health: A Mental Health Review

This report provides a systematic review of evidence-based practices in public health, with a specific focus on mental health among teenagers and adults. It discusses the growing awareness of mental health issues globally, exacerbated by events like the COVID-19 pandemic, and explores multidimensional factors affecting the target population's ability to cope with mental illness. The review incorporates both quantitative and qualitative approaches to identify essential core factors, drawing from peer-reviewed articles. It highlights the increasing number of articles on mental health, the global burden of depressive and anxiety disorders, and the impact on quality of life, emphasizing the need for early intervention. The report also touches upon the use of tools like the General Health Questionnaire for tracking mental disorders and the importance of considering non-numerical data. Furthermore, it details the data collection and review processes, including the application of PRISMA guidelines and various study designs, to evaluate the evidence related to stress, depression, anxiety, and other mental health conditions.

RESEARCH METHOD:
EVIDENCE BASED
PRACTICE IN PUBLIC
HEALTH (MENTAL
HEALTH)

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................3
IMPLICATION ...............................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Public health is defined as the tool and technique which is used in such a way which help
to protect and promote the health of people and the various communities where they live, learn
and work. This is also called as social group or the particularly community where the process of
interaction is taken as a part of family. In this, it is also defined as the public health refers as the
study or the concept of science which is state that it help to prevent the disease, prolonging life
and improving the quality of life which have organised effort to make a relational and diabolical
structure which is based on society and organisation which is public or private include
communities and individual. As per this, the report state about the systematic review on topic of
mental health among specific group include teenager and adults who is currently face major
complication with mental health. This report cover a brief discussion while taking the aspect of
systematic review which is focus on qualitative and quantitative which is ideally include a
statistic of meta-analysis (Cleaver, Markowski and Wels, 2021).
DISCUSSION
As per this, the major discussion which is associated with the growing evidence and
awareness regarding the magnitude of the mental health issue across the world due to number of
reason. In this, the current situation of covid-19 also raise issue of mental health. Despite, there
are various multidimensional nature which is associated with this study which help to provide the
core evidence of factor which may affect the target population to cope with mental disease.
Moreover, the study have some of inclusion measurement such as quantification and qualitative
approach is well putted with the article as per literature to identify the essential core factor. As
per this, the main of the report to provide a core of systematic review which is based on
quantitative and qualitative method (Crawford and et. al., 2018).
As per this, the systematic review of peer reviews article which is state about the public
health topic which is selected as mental health. As per the quantitative review of the article
which is associated which explain that there was almost ten fold enhance in the yearly number of
article on the topic of health is about 84 percent and the rapid increase in the use of the term
which is state up to 92 percent article which have 467 article which have missing explicit
definition of mental health at global level.

Mental health disorder is defined as the depressive and anxiety disorder which is linked
with the deep feeling of sadness, stress or the fear which is experience by the selected target
group which is chosen as teenager and adults. Moreover, with some of the methodological
differences in the epidemiological studies, it is estimated that they have 4.4 percent and 3.6
percent of world adult population who is predominately suffer from the cope of depressive
thought and anxiety disorder. The mental health can affect the health and also, disturb the quality
of life, this is also identified that the now day the issue of mental health cope and start with the
early age. The quantification or the quantitative approach seek to connected with global burden
of disease, injuries and risk factor have some of the comprehensive study which is determine the
incidence and prevalence and year in which they lived with year with a zone of disability. This
also studied that the period from 1990 to 2017 for 195 countries. This is also identified that the
burden of mental disease which is presented for the male and female and across the various age
group. The finding state that the mental disorder have continue formed more than 14 percent
with the factor of age standardized for the specific which is associated with the two and three
decade, which have some of the greater prevalence in the 21 region. As per this, mental disorder
are often correctly are not often and negative consequence on the health of selected target group
(Llosada-Gistau, Casas and Montserrat, 2020).
In this, the population level which is use for the self report which is based on the
psychiatric screening instrument which include General health questionnaire which has been
recommended to track the mental disorder. This is also known as psychological/problem which
have psychiatric morbidity or the non psychotic mental illness. Moreover, there are some of the
aspect which is show the some of three factor which is based on the multidimensional aspect
which is show the evaluation such as anxiety and depression, social dysfunction and loss of
confidence which can be applied in various age (Thornicroft and et. al., 2016). Moreover, the
systematic review seek to provide the value of quantification and other essential factor which
used in such way which have non numerical data include morphological view point. There are
some of the data which is show the severity of the condition which is associated with the
teenager and adults. As per this, they majorly focus on the providing of knowledge, due the lack
of knowledge about the magnitude of mental disorder in the adolescent worldwide. There are
was type of systematic review of the global prevalence of mental health. In addition to this, they
focus on the study of incorporated with studies which is state about the 1980 to 2013 which have

specifically survey with the people of age of 16 to 75 with use of diagnostic criteria. The
systematic review of the literature was usually carried out which help to estimate the prevalence
of mental health disorder. In this context, they are majorly focus on the globe who is facing issue
which is related with mental health. Moreover, as according to this, while the approach to
complete systematic review which is preferred reporting item for the systematic review and meta
analysis which is based on the observational studies in the course of epidemiology (García-
Martínez and et. al., 2018).
The data collection procedure and process are identified that they are carried out which is
based on two stage. In this, the article is selected which is based on the public health which is
followed by mental health and their assessment. These two stage are usually carried by
independent authors and this help to record that they meet the inclusion criteria which has been
discarded. The more disagreement which is based and used to show the resolve which have some
of the counted participation on the author. Moreover, there are various pattern which help to
extract the data which show the author and discrepancies which is help to resolve by consensus.
However, the data which is collected associated with the author, year of publication, research
year, study design and sample size which is based on the population sex and gender and basic
outcome of the study. As per this, the mental health is topic which is based on the topic of public
health, in which they majorly focus on data which have proper limitation and based on the
systematic review and have qualitative and quantitative data (McHugh and et. al., 2020).
In this, while conducting the review of article which is based on topic of mental health
the independent review of the audited in which they majorly focus on the quality which is
recorded for the team of quality assurance. As per this, the preferred reporting item which is
selected for the systematic review and meta-analyse which is called as PRISMA which is
specifically enumerated in the term of PRISMA flow chart (Razzouk, 2017).

Moreover, the review which is state that the article which relevance and prevalence have some of
the empirical study and review which is based on piece of paper. Entries were excluded which is
based on the abstract, or any book and book chapter, in this the conference, dissertation or the
editor note (Prieto‐Welch, 2016). As per this, after screening of 817 unique records which is
based on the retention for full text review. In this, the mental health topic have the vast area to
discuss on the basis of qualitative and quantitative which have various measurement such as they
either multimodal studies which have both the approach which is beneficial to restrain the best
possible outcome which is associated with the meta-analysis. Thus, the major of article which is
based on the topic of mental health have 48 percent of quantitative studies and rest of 27 percent
is qualitative, due to the studies analysis and particular evaluation the combination of
quantitative and qualitative approach show the percentage up to 12.6 which have case studies
which has been focus one to four person which have 10 percent in numerical number. In term of
mental health condition, there are various major studies which is associated with the empirical
studies which has been focus on the three situation or condition which is related with stress
(Zhao and et. al., 2016). Moreover, the predominant concentration which has been focus on the
Illustration 1: PRISMA

depression which have consistent with the high contribution which have some of significant
burden of disease, as per this, there are some of study which is based on the anxiety and which is
act as global burden of disease. But there are some of frequent co occurrence with the term of
depression. In this, the other situation that contribute significantly to the burden of disease which
have less represented include the child and adolescent mental and behavioural problem. They are
associated with the brief term of substance use, dementia and core concept of suicide. Overall,
mental health implies which have broad spectrum which is associated from the mental ill health
to mental well being (Farrugia, 2020).
CASP tool used in public health:
Questions Sara Araújo Silv and et. al., 2020
Did the study focus on the issue? Yes
Did author use proper method to answer their
question?
Yes
Were the cases acceptable in recruited way? Yes
Were the control selected in acceptable way? Yes
Was the exposure completely measure to
minimise the bias.
Yes
Have the author taken account of the potential
confounding factor which is associated with
design and or their analysis?
Yes
Were the results and risk which have to
estimate the precise?
Yes
Do you believe the outcome which is obtained? Yes
Can the results is applied to the local
population?
Yes
Do the results of this study fit the with other
available guidance.
Yes
AXIS tool for the cross sectional studies:

The AXIS tool is defined as the critical appraisal tool which help to address the study
design and quality of reporting which is based on the risk of bias in cross sectional study which
is first develop in the year of 2016 and they are usually contain 20 items. In this, the tool is work
as methodological quality factor which seek to provide the information which is related with the
assessment tool for the research study or for the pattern of systematic review of article. As per
this, the critical appraisal of the literature which have some of the vital step which is work as
evidence synthesis which used to create the aspect of decision making which number of
discipline. As per this, Axis tool is unique and developed in such a way which has been across
the discipline to aid inclusion which CSS in systematic review which is based guidelines and
clinical decision making (Enriquez, 2016).
Mix methods research design:
The mixed method is defined as the combination of at least one qualitative and one
quantitative research component which has use to qualitative and quantitative which is based on
the various viewpoint which is based on the data collection, analysis and various technique
which is associated with the purpose of breadth and depth of understanding which is based on the
element of corroboration. As per this, while taking the aspect of mental health it is defined as the
the selected article which is show the relevance and prevalence of mental health, this is generally
a public health topic which have quantitative and qualitative approach while conducting the
study. Moreover, the mixed method is used to determine the quality of work for the reader who
used to obtain information while studding the article. As per this, there are four type of mixed
method which is help to design the study, significantly the Triangulation Design, the embedded
design, the explanatory design and the exploratory design. With this, the explanatory and
exploratory design are used to explore the and elaborate the concept of mental health while using
the qualitative and quantitative data. This is helpful for the reader and other researcher to gain
and achieve evidence based data because they are completely based on the proper design and
particulate sample frame (Crivelli and et. al., 2021).
IMPLICATION
As per the defined scenario which is stated that the there are various concept which is
based on intervention which allow individual to understand the complication which is associated
with the mental health. In this, the proper intervention or the strategies is essential and play vital
role in the minimisation of risk which is associated the mental health. There are number of

individual who is faces the consequence which create complication with the person in which they
majorly face issue with depression, anxiety and many more. The psychosocial intervention which
is specifically include the various strategies which is work under the stress management, self
coping skill and relapse prevention and psycho-education. Moreover, they are focus on the
various factor which used to include the psychological therapies such as cognitive, behavioural
strategies or the motivational technique which is helpful to understand the core factor of mental
health. As per this, the self management is also taken with help of various exercise which is used
to provide the relaxation. This kind of exercise usually associated with mental piece which
include meditation and so on which primarily focus on the formulation of free and relaxing
segment. Moreover, there are some of the recommended intervention which is drive as a
strategies which usually include such as cognitive behavioural relaxation, social skill training,
general behaviour, social support to the individual who is dealing with mental health issue.
As per this the mindfulness, meditation, psycho-educational aspect which have proper
acceptance and commitment therapy. Interpersonal and psychotherapy, resilience and
forgiveness program are used to conduct which is helpful and used to play supportive role with
individual recovery from the cope of stress which can lead further to originate the condition of
mental health problem. In this, the promotion, prevention and early intervention strategies help to
produce the greatest impact on the people health and well being. Moreover, the strategies are
being screened and early detection intervention which may allow for more effective healthcare
pathway, by taking action long before the health issue which is become worsen as per increasing
day. The recommended strategies is totally based on the above quantification of data which state
about the condition which have particular practice which can create more benefits for the
individual. They are also for the personalised care with the term of health intervention. As per
this, there are number of significant socio demographic and health related risk which have
associated with the several type of risk factor which is activating the specific illness step and
stage. In addition to this, they are focus on the several point which have some of application of
clinical staging model which has been suggesting to improve the quality of life and improve the
health benefits.
As per this, they are address which is applicable and have the need of people which show
the term of people that used to present the various stage with the process and continuum between
disease and health. Eventually this is more challenging, reformulating health service which have

their own perception which show the early intervention as per the effective disease control and
overall care, in this, they are completely focus on the impact on the heath and well being which
is associated with the broader term with the cope of population. This may create the potential
which have reduce the risk of burden and healthcare system costs. Moreover, while this term, it
is analyse the early intervention is recognised as the effective way to minimise the complication
which is serious health condition. However, there are number of consideration which is
associated with the mental health.
On the basis of theoretical consideration, there is an opportunity to intervene the specific
age group which is selected in this report is teenager and adults in term of mental health who has
been follow the evidence based consideration. As per this, they are focus on the various key
component which show the person ability to function well and social life as well as adopt
strategies with this cope with the life events. The strategies and intervention are used to focus on
the development of social, physical and mental well being. Moreover, there are number of
process and operation which is associated with the intervention to educate people about the
healthy life behavioural which is well studied while conducting the studies.
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, it is analyse that the selected topic which is based on public
health is mental health. As per this, they used to state about the systematic review which is based
on the article of mental health. Moreover, the qualitative and quantitative approach is being
analyse and this help to show the particular study with the data by various evaluation process. In
this, there are number of comprised section which help to elaborate the situation which is play
relevant and provide opportunity to understand the core concept of mental with set of numerical
and non numerical data.

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