Comprehensive Analysis: Public Health Issues, Prevention in the UK

This report provides an overview of public health issues in the UK, emphasizing the importance of health promotion programs in addressing these challenges. It identifies key health issues such as dementia, alcohol and smoking-related problems, mental health disorders, obesity, and health inequalities. The report explains how population data is used to highlight health determinants contributing to these issues, focusing on factors like genetics, behavior, environment, and social influences. It evaluates the role of Public Health England in improving health outcomes based on population data. Furthermore, it analyzes factors contributing to specific public health issues in local regions, such as type 2 diabetes in Greater Manchester, linking it to unhealthy eating habits, obesity, and lack of exercise. The report compares the roles of various healthcare professionals in preventing and controlling the spread of disease, highlighting the responsibilities of physicians, infectious disease doctors, nurses, and other staff. It also explains strategies healthcare professionals use to promote infection control, including hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, and safe handling of sharps and chemicals. Finally, the report reflects on the challenges in preventing disease spread and emphasizes the importance of individual roles in promoting community health.

Public health issues
INTRODUCTION
Health promotion program is the key activity or action take by the
health and social care organization, with the aim of engaging and
empowering individual and community to choose and manage
healthy behaviour and make the changes on their lifestyle to
reduce the risk of developing chronic health condition. In the
context to the control and prevention of the public health issues
that is very important to plan and implement effective health
promotion programs, which should educate and guide peoples
about health issues causing factors and its preventive
interventions. In this content or information source current public
health issues described in context to the UK, explanation of the
use of population data to highlight health determinants
contributing to current public health issues. Compression of the
different health care professionals role in context to the control
and prevention of spread of the disease is also illustrated along
with the explanation of ways through which health care
professionals promote infection control.
The current public health issues relevant to UK
Health issues in the UK local areas is vary on the basis of
health inequities which continuously persist in the UK. People
who are living in the most deprived areas of the England have the
lowest life expectancy with higher mortality from lung cancer,
heart disease and chronic lower respiratory diseases the key risk
factors associated with all these health issues are smoking and
obesity. The key health issues of the England public are as
follows.
Dementia- Is the mental health issues due to which
individual face problem in remembering, decision making. By
2020 dementia and Alzheimer,s disease become most common
causes of death in UK. Dementia is the most feared health
condition for people over the age of 55 on the basis of
Alzheimer's Researches UK.
Alcohol and smoking- Health problem associated with
the alcohol consumption reached the alarming level and it
contribute to the wide range of disease. Alcohol is accounts for
the over a third of all cases of liver disease. On the basis of PHE
published December 2016, department of health of the harmful
impact of the alcohol in England review 40% of early deaths and
poor health is due to the alcohol consumption and smoking.
Common mental health disorder- In 2014 the prevalence of
the mental health problems among the female was greater than
males, 13.2% in males and 20.7% in females. In the UK one in
the 6 peoples is experiencing common mental health problems
like anxiety and depression.
Issue of healthy eating and obesity- Is the biggest
factor related to the women's pregnancy and infant and new born
child health condition. This is the type of issue which causes the
unbalanced nutrient consumption of the mother, due to which
mother can increase obesity, decrease nutrient essential for the
infant growth and nance lead to the Barth of the child with
disability.
Obesity- In the Uk scale of the obesity problem is indicating
that two thirds of the adults (63%) in the England were classed as
being overweight or obese with the body mass index of over 25.
On the basis of the National child measurement programme
obesity level in reception have gone up from 9.7% in 2018-19 to
9.9% in 2019-20. One in 6 children analysed with obesity in the
UK.
Health inequalities- Are increasing due to the different
environment factors like low income and financial instability.
30% people in the UK living below the minimum Income
Standard, having a good job is key to live happy and healthy life.
Explanation of that how the population data is used to
highlight health determinants contributing to current public
health issues
Public health affecting determinants is can be genetics,
behaviour, physical influences, medical care, environmental
and social factors. Health determinants are the factors which
contribute to the current public health issues. Population data
or information related to the specific health condition and its
determinants or key causing factor of that particular health
issue is critically analyse and evaluate in terms of the % of
population faced the particular health issue due to the higher
influence of specific health determinant.
In order to explain this appropriately evaluation of
the development of health policies and legislation such as
Public Health England is done. That program main focus or aim
to improve the outcomes based on the population data to
highlight health determinant. Public Health England is
executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care,
work for making public healthier and reducing differences
between the health of different group by promoting the healthy
lifestyle. On the basis of The the Public Health England
population data there is the higher rate of the complainants if
the noise, children in absolute low income families, children's
in relative low income families. On the basis of May 2021
population data there is the higher healthy life expectancy at
birth. In 2021 homelessness was the key problem or
environmental determinant of the health associated with the
several health condition and issues.
The key ways of population data evaluation for the
identification of health determinants are crude mortality, age
adjusted and age specific mortality, life expectancy, and year of
the population year lost. Based on these events population data
is used to evaluate health determinants. From the evaluation of
the PHE it has been identified that population data is evaluated
on the basis of age group and analysed the low income as wider
health determinant, which can impact the children's health
infant mortality, low birth weight, asthma, overweight and
obesity, injuries, mental health problems due to the unhealthy
eating of mother during the pregnancy and inappropriate care of
the child after birth.

Analysis of the main factor that contribute to the public health issues in UK local region 100
In the UK (Greater Manchester) type 2 diabetes is the main health issues caused by the impact
and influenced of the several health determinants or factors are eating habit's, obesity, lack of the
workout explain below.
Eating habit's- Unhealthy diet with the composition of higher fat, carbohydrate, sodium and
nitrites lead to the development of type 2 diabetes, analysed in various local area cases including
Greater Manchester.
Obesity- Due to the unhealthy diet people become obese, which further lead to the type 2
diabetes by increased levels of fatty acids and inflammation, lead to the insulin resistance.
Lack of the exercise- Due to the lack of the exercise muscle cells lose their sensitivity to
insulin and lead to the type 2 diabetes.
Evaluate the contribution of different factors to the development of specific nation public health issues
100
According to the Public Health England (2018) and from the above analysis it has been
critically evaluated that different factors like, obesity, unhealthy lifestyle, lack of the exercise and
inappropriate nutrient consumption lead or contribute to the heart disease in the UK, by adversely
impacting the biological function of the body.
Comparison of different roles of the different health care professionals involves in the prevention and
control of the spread of disease
In the health care organisation and programs that is very important to prevent and control the
spread of infection and disease by the appropriate preventive measures, each and every health care
professionals have their own specific responsibilities related to the infection and disease control. Each
and every health care professionals are responsible for the infection control below is the explanation of
some health care professionals role in infection control.
Physician- Physicians main role is to provide preventive care, assess developing health problems and
give best advice to help patient develop health habit's. In context to the infection control and prevention
of the disease spared, physician have to provide infection control advice to the patient, such as wearing
a mask, managing had hygiene and body hygiene.
Infectious disease doctors- An ideal infection control doctor may be the combination of an
microbiologist, specialist, microbiologist, social worker, teacher, antibiotic therapy specialist and
supervisor for housekeeping. Microbiologist in context to the infection control is detection of the
outbreak of the hospital acquired infection, advice to clinicians about disinfection, multi resistant
organisms, sterilization and isolation procedures, they work with infection control nurses to manage the
situation effectively.
health specialist- Health specialist of any health condition must have to follow the infection control
measures in their practices to prevent the infection. Such as they have to manage good hand hygiene,
use peroneal protective equipments, safe handling and disposal of the sharps, safe handling and
disposal of the chemical waste etc.
Doctor- That is the responsibility of each doctors to prevent the infection by using protective gear,
such as mask, gloves, goggles, immunized for essential vaccines, careful handling and disposal of
infectious substance and equipments.
Registered nurse- Infection control nurses are the registered nurses who's role is to implement the
best practices for halting the spread of viruses and bacteria and delivering best care to the patient
who have infectious diseases.
Associate nursing staff- Nursing associate is the new role work with health care supporter and
registered nurses to deliver care for the patient, in context to the infection control role of the nursing
associate is to monitor and inform the possibility and factors of infection.
Explanation of the ways through which health care professionals promote infection control
There are the several ways and strategies or interventions of the infection control, which
should be sue by the health care professionals, below is detail explanation about that.
Hand hygiene- This is the most important, widely acknowledged single most important activity for
reducing chances of the infection. Health care professional manage health hygiene to prevent
infection by the assurance of short, clean and polish free nails, avoiding hand accessories,
professionals cuts and wounds should be over with waster proof dressing and hand should be
properly cleaned, sanitized.
Personal protective equipments- This is another important way of infection control use by the
infection control involving, disposable gloves, disposable plastic aprons, mask, eye protection.
Safe handling and disposal of sharps- Sharps are the main risk factor of the infection hazard,
which have to be manage by the health care professional safety measures, such as the professionals
have to make sure that sharps should not passed directly from hand to hand, storage should be done
according to the standard guidelines and its should not be before use or disposal.
Safe handling and disposal of chemical- This is another infection control measures which should
be follow by the health care professional, by assuring that yellow bags clinical waste, black for
house hold waste and special dustbin for the glass waste. With the help of that people can be
prevented from the risk of infection through all these waste. Some other way of infection control are
prevention of spillages and management blood and bodily fluids, decontamination of the
equipments, management of the clean clinical environment, safe and appropriate use of indwelling
devices.

Challenges for health care professionals in prevention of the spread of disease 100
On the basis of the S Mahomed (2018) it has been critically evaluated that challenges for the health
care professionals in prevention of the spread of disease factors and their sub factors. Such as human resources
challenges are shortage of the staff for infection control task, in context to leadership and governance
challenges is lack of support of the management. Infrastructure and equipment related challenges are lack of
isolation room, insufficient equipment and discrepancies between health care professionals.
Reflection upon own role in promoting the prevention and spread of disease in local community
My own role in context to the prevention and spread of disease in local community is management
of the health hygiene, personal safety equipment and guidance of the other and community for managing hand
hygiene and equipments or personal things to prevent infection and spread of disease.
CONCLUSION
From the above study is has been concluded that health care program is very
important in context to the management of public health and well-bing, and for this health
care professionals have to analyse the key health issues of particular nation or area. Such
as in context to the UK key health issues are dementia-alcohol and smoking, common
mental health disorder, issue of healthy eating and obesity, obesity and health inequalities
etc. population data use in terms of different strategies, such as age, culture and gender to
evaluate the health determinants of the specific population health condition. Health care
professional roles in the infection control is depending on the type f the patient case and
their job practices such as the key ways of infection control are hand hygiene, personal
protective equipments, safe handling and disposal of sharps and chemical, prevention of
spillages, decontamination of the equipments management of the clean clinical
environment, safe and appropriate use of indwelling devices.
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