This report delves into the public health law and policy surrounding e-cigarettes in Australia. It explores the health-related arguments for and against the use of e-cigarettes, examining the potential cardiovascular and carcinogenic risks, as well as the potential for harm reduction compared to traditional tobacco smoking. The report investigates whether policy makers should wait for conclusive evidence before acting, considering the controversies and various forms of evidence presented in the debate. It also identifies the values evident in discourses about e-cigarette policy, such as harm reduction and individual liberties, and names major stakeholders involved. Furthermore, the report analyzes the policy process, the framing of the issue by proponents and opponents, and offers the author's own conclusions regarding the controversy and potential policy decisions. The report also provides a comprehensive list of references.