Project Report: Skin Cancer Prevention and Outdoor Gym in Walthamstow

This report presents a comprehensive analysis of skin cancer risks, particularly among outdoor workers, and the impact of outdoor gyms on public health within the Walthamstow district of the UK. The project is divided into two main parts: Project A focuses on skin cancer, exploring its causes, effects, and various interventions such as protective equipment, limiting sun exposure, workplace policies, and mass media campaigns. Project B shifts the focus to outdoor gyms, examining their role in the community, identifying local health profiles, and discussing modifications to improve public health outcomes. The report incorporates research, literature reviews, and critical discussions to provide a detailed overview of the issues, interventions, and potential solutions, including the importance of government intervention, awareness campaigns, and individual health practices such as dietary considerations and the use of sun protection. The report highlights the significance of public health initiatives and the need for comprehensive strategies to mitigate the risks associated with skin cancer and promote overall community well-being.

ASSESSMENT

Table of Contents
PROJECT-A.........................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
BACKGROUND.............................................................................................................................3
Intervention......................................................................................................................................3
Critical Discussion...........................................................................................................................6
PROJECT-B..........................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................6
BACKGROUND-............................................................................................................................6
1. Research of local health profile and identified the areas environmental and public health needs
.........................................................................................................................................................7
2. Explain impact of activity upon health profile of area & identification on modification that
could improve impact on public health & outcomes for local population.......................................7
3. Critical discussion ensuring that literature has been referred with examples of good practice...8
INTERVENTIONS-.............................................................................................................................8
CRITICAL DISCUSSION...................................................................................................................9
4. Covered in appendices.................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION....................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................10
Books & Journal:...........................................................................................................................10
4. APPENDICES...........................................................................................................................12

PROJECT-A
INTRODUCTION
Health is the first priority in everyone’s life. Many diseases are there which affect the health
of people at broader level. One of them is cancer and which is not easy for anyone to find a cure for
it. So, skin cancer has been discussed with some of the intervention regarding the issue. Skin cancer
is being spreading mostly amongst the workers due to the sun and is affecting health of people in
local area. Walthamstow, located in London 12 miles away from central London is a district situated
in UK. New parks, gym, banks, stores etc. are developing in district for fulfilment of social needs of
people. This report includes depth overview of the concepts and their impact on local area of the
specified disease.
TASK 1
BACKGROUND
The skin cancer is basic form of cancer which arises in the UK. The HSE determines UVR
to be an exceptional hazard for people who perform their work outside. It is necessary for higher
authority to prevent employees form skin cancer as well as i.t is also vital to protect the employees
who work outdoor for the benefit of business firm. There is different kind of issues and problems
related to skin cancer by outdoor worker which is going to be mentioned below:
Skin cancer imposes direct impact on standard and quality of life of an individual person as
well as increases the death rate. There are more than 3.5 million cases related to skin cancer from
two million people are identified yearly. Herein, skin cancer creates cost to the individual person as
well as families. As now a day, skin cancer occurrence rate has continual increased in current years.
In addition to this, ultraviolet radiation from the sun is the major reason of skin cancer (Foo, 2018).
Therefore, it is necessary for manager of business firm to give effective facilities to its
outdoor worker in order to prevent them from skin cancer. In addition to this, it is also responsibility
of health practitioner to reduce such kind of skin cancer issues which is going to be described
below:
Intervention
Wearing and using protective equipment’s-

Protecting the skin from solar damage by wearing tightly woven protective clothing which
should properly covers the arms, trunk, and legs, and a hat which should be adequately providing
shade to the entire head, seeking shade whenever possible and avoiding outdoor activities during
periods of peak UV radiation (Lam, 2020).
Limiting or minimizing exposure to the sun during peak hours -
Behaviours that reduce skin cancer risk includes limiting our exposure to the sun during
peak hours (10 A.M. to 4 P.M.) as UV rays are more intense during midday, wearing protective
clothing, or using appropriate sunscreen protection. Although sunscreen is thought to be an
important adjunct to other types of UV protection, it should not be counted on to provide UV
protection by itself.
Promoting sun protective behaviours among outdoor workers-Outdoor workers are at
high risk of harmful ultraviolet radiation exposure and are identified as an at risk group for the
development of skin cancer. Exposure to UVR can be reduced by preventative strategies.
Recommended strategies include using protective measures such as wide-brimmed hats, long-
sleeved shirts and pants, sunglasses and sunscreen; and avoiding the sun by seeking shade and
rescheduling work tasks outside of peak UV times (Harwood, 2016).
Responsibility of the employers to maintain protective environments-organisations
employing outdoor workers have the responsibility to provide their workers protective environment
to prevent from harmful effects of direct sun rays. Organisations can be held liable for skin cancer
developed as a result of occupational exposure, until unless they ensures enough precautionary
measures are taken to minimise the risk. Workplace policy determines when and what kind of
preventive measures can be taken. Furthermore, organisations have the responsibility to make
environmental changes which support preventive behaviour. Such as providing shade structures.
Finally, the workplace should be an ideal place in which sun protection can be promoted and
modelled, through supervision and awareness raising activities (rakatelli, 2016).
Government intervention in strictly maintaining protective policy at workplace –
While it is the responsibility of the employers to provide their workers protective environment to
prevent from harmful effects of direct sun rays it is also essential that government should intervene
and create strict standards for protection of outdoor workers. There should be a standard protective
policy mandated by the government which every employer needs to follow compulsorily.
Creation of workplace policy - Workplace policy provides guidelines for the day-to-day
operation of an organisation. Policies on sun protection often include guidelines on provision of
PPE by employer, expectations of employees to use PPE, managing of tasks to avoid excessive

exposure to ultra violet rays, use of shade, providing enough training about sun protection. Such
policies may be enforced through disciplinary action.
Prevention through mass media campaigns –
Mass media campaigns can promote sun-protective behaviours in a community. They
provide information through mass media i.e., televisions, radio, newspapers, magazines etc.), and
can also include small media (i.e., brochures, flyers and posters etc.). Mass media has been widely
used in public health programs to address behavioural risk factors; it can be said as a recognized
vehicle for reaching large audiences, for the purpose of raising awareness and concern about an
issue. These interventions will help in spreading the knowledge among the outdoor workers about
skin protective measures and will indirectly help in prevention (Cherrie, 2020).
Examine your skin head-to-toe every month: It is necessary for every business firm to
provide necessary health facilities to its employees such as examine their skin in timely manner.
Therefore, they prevent their staff form skin cancer as well as also protect their outdoor workers.
Avoid going out much- As an environmental health practitioner, i suggest people who have
allergy from sun or its sunlight then they should travel much or stay outside for longer period. This
is important because through this they will be able to protect themselves from disease.
Avoid tanning and UV tanning booths: Ultraviolet rays are the major issue of increasing
skin cancer. Therefore, it is necessary for every individual person to protect them from these UV
tanning which comes from sun (Cetintepe, 2018).
Increasing awareness towards health: It is important for individual person to eat healthy
food in order to increase their immunity system. The strong immunity system protect person from
skin cancer as well as reduce the death rate. And manager of business firm conducts effective
session in connection of how to reduce skin cancer.
Use of broad-spectrum sun ‘cream: - it is the most easy and important step to prevent
from skin cancer use of the sun ‘scream with the high volume of UVA/ UVB in each and every day
before moving out of the house. It is popularly knowing that the sales person must yes the cream
rich with SPF 15 and they can use the sun ‘scream having more SPF then 15. Here SPF play a role
of security guard between the sun and human it helps to avoid the direct contact of the harmful Rays
of the sun to the human body Which help to reduce the skin cancer.
Yoga:- yoga is a kind of therapy which help to fight against the cancer in an easy and less
painful way or it is a non-painful treatment to heal the body, mind, and the spirit as the mindset of
cancer is not less than a battle between life and death for human being's. But people can survive
after these kinds of disease even in the worst situation just because of yoga, proper exercise and

constant mind set of doing meditation having a zeal of surviving and living their life. As there is a
very advancement in the technology which invented various kind of surgery for the skin cancer but
theses surgery is very costly, painful and harmful which might cause death of the patient. It
someone look at the non-painful and easy way to prevent from skin cancer is to do proper yoga on
daily basis. Yoga help to build strength in the body which help to fight against the skin cancer and
many other diseases(Richardson, 2018).
Critical Discussion
Skin Cancer is affecting people health at depth. As an environmental health practitioner,
things which I realised were that it is mostly caused by UV rays of sun. To deal with situation and
disease many measures have been taken such as using skin creams, exercise, avoiding tanning etc. It
is to be making ensure that people who are suffering from this disease should adopt cure after
consulting to professionals so that problems or side effects do not occur.
Outdoor workers must include flowing thing in their diet like vitamin E it help from the
damage of radical and extract energy from UV light, vitamin C it can help in making toxic to the
cancer cells, vitamin D it can boost the immune system which directly reduce the risk of cancer,
food which contain these vitamin as well as consists Beta carotene, zinc, selenium, omega 3 fatty
acids, Lycopene, polyphenols, these kind of protein must be in the diet chart of the outdoor workers
as the such diet can help to reduce growth of skin cancer, effect UV rays. Increase the anti-
inflammation and tumour inhibiting, and make higher opportunity to survive in cancer. Eating well
can help to beat the skin cancer in a better way (Houdmont, 2016).
PROJECT-B
INTRODUCTION
In this project- B, open air gym in the district of UK which is Walthamstow has been
discussed. It also includes issues related to outdoor gym in area and its impact on local people,
background, interventions, critical discussion and appendices of the topic. By going through this,
how people can deal with situation is specified in proper manner. Also, in project information, data
and site visit are being used as evidence of the proposal. Outdoor Gym Park is beneficial for people
but they need to be used under proper consideration so that no one gets harm or their health gets
affected. Thus, deep focus and market reach has been used in the report to achieve the final output.
Further, intervention and measures have been also explained with examples so that it becomes easy
to deal with problem faced by people in locality area.
BACKGROUND-
In this project-b, Walthamstow district has been taken as for the study in which certain
points have been mentioned such as local health profile and public health needs, identification of
modifications that could improve on public health, discussion about the literature & examples of

good practice and appendices (Foo, 2018).
1. Research of local health profile and identified the areas environmental and public health needs
Walthamstow, district situated in UK, 12 miles away from Central London which is safe
palace for living a healthy life. In the district, people mostly prefer parks and gym to spend quality
of time and live peacefully. There are ample numbers of park in Walthamstow such as stoney-down
park, Ly-loyd park, Walthamstow marshes etc. In this local area, public health needs are measured
and monitored by NHS as well as public health team. It is essential to identify the public health
needs of people of area and so that positive environment is established within the locality. This is
the reason why there are so many parks in district for people and their health and social life.
People in the area mostly do jogging, running, therapy sessions etc. which depicts that they
are more active towards their health. Local health profile of area depicts that people in
Walthamstow are healthy and love to maintain their body. So, environment of district is greenery
and habitual (Cranney, 2016).
After a brief analysis of above matter, it is analysed that district is developing its locality and
activities at wider as well as broader level. To identify environmental and public health needs NHS
and public health team are present who helps and analyse situation of local area in proper manner.
2. Explain impact of activity upon health profile of area & identification on modification that could
improve impact on public health & outcomes for local population
Health profile of area is being changing drastically in Walthamstow. Also with opening Ly-
loyd open air gym in park health of people is getting affected at depth because ample numbers of
people are coming to park and are using gym equipment, tool, machines etc. When I visit to the
park it was identified that small children’s and parents using gym without any restriction and
consent of trainer. This activity is becoming problem and major issue for locality as well as public
health. This is due to the irresponsibility of people who are responsible for such things (Lee, 2018)
Besides this, safety concern for public health was clearly specified outside the park and
regarding with gym. Thus, after analysing and examining the problem there are several
modifications which are to be considered such as when people using gym machines professional
trainers are to be present so that children’s or parents do not do wrong exercise or injured their
body. This has a bad impact on public health and it can be improved by doing exercise at outdoor
gym under consideration of trainers. Thus modification assists them in safety of their body as well
as health. Further, local population will be able to get knowledge about outdoor gym and tips for
exercise via people, relatives, friends etc (Karadeniz, 2019).

3. Critical discussion ensuring that literature has been referred with examples of good practice
In this report, after going through scenario it is examined that outdoor gym parks are
beneficial as well as non- beneficial for public. The main problem which was identified was that it
small children & parents were using gym machines without any restrictions and which was
affecting their health at broader scale. Further, it was also seen that no one is taking any actions or
guiding the about the impact of situation. There are several good examples of practice which can be
taken by Ly-loyd outdoor gym park and are discussed below-
Local authorities should do patrolling in district to see that all parks and other facilities are
managed and maintained by public.
Moreover, NHS service should become more active regarding such issue so that health of
public remain safe and secure in appropriate manner.
Another practice is that, trainers should be placed at park with rotational shifts during a days
and this helps people using gym equipment in proper manner. Through this, more and more people
will be coming to the park without any fear or problem.
Also, new rules and regulations should be updated in park which makes aware public aware
about gym safety concern for all. Thus, this step helps them to protect themselves from any disease
or to take preventive measures effectively.
After a brief analysis of above matter it is stated that good practices are necessary for people
to adopt so that public health and environment remain safe and healthy. After overview of literature
it has been also seen that solution of problem lies within the people and also they can use that
solution in effective manner for their health as well as safety (Chow, 2018).
INTERVENTIONS-
To conduct this process, it will be done I systematic way which are mentioned below-
Firstly, cost of project is to be determined how much time and resources are going to be
used in implementing measures for identified activity.
Secondly, reason for actual problems and solution for the same will be discussed and
decisions making will be done accordingly.
Then at third steps, actual implementation of proposal will be into course of action and is
going to be applied all over the process (Nowak, 2018).
Further, new resources and impact of process on public health will be determined and
analysis will be done how to make it better and improve public health.

CRITICAL DISCUSSION
Public health is essential part of locality because if people are not healthy then it will be
difficult for other to survive in the area or district. So, good practice needs to be taken so that
effective measures are adopted by local authorities to protect the health of public (Shanahan, 2019).
Theoretical model
Change management model- It is model which was proposed by Kurt Lewin to analyse and
examine the change in the field properly. It includes several elements which are stated below-
Unfreeze- This is stage in which it is firstly necessary to determine and identify whether the
change is needed or not. As an environmental health practitioner, many changes were needed by
Lyloyd Gym Park which is to be imposed as soon as possible. Such as new rules and regulations,
professionals trainers etc.
Change- Further is change to actually implement the change into course of action which has
been identified.
Refreeze- In this, at Lyloyd Gym Park last when changes are implemented into practical than
it is also crucial to make ensure that those are developed at continuous level. Through this people in
park will be able to do everything properly.
4. Covered in appendices
CONCLUSION
After a brief analysis of above report, it is concluded that health is more important than
anything else. In Project- A, skin cancers have been discussed that how they affect the human and
their health. Also, intervention regarding how to reduce skin cancer amongst the outdoor workers
has been proposed. In Project- B, discussion have been made that parks are established in localities
for fulfilment of social needs of people so that everyone in area remains fit and healthy. Many parks
have outdoor gym park so that people come and do exercise at any time. But, when implementing
such gym trainers as well as proper rules & regulations are to be maintained so that people health
does not get affected. It is responsibility of local authorities to make ensure that outdoor gym have
trainers, safety concern of people, etc. Such measures are the key practice for public so that healthy
environment remains active in area. Hence, when such practices are to be established these are to be
done with proper consideration and measures. Therefore, safety & health of public is to be taken as
priority.

REFERENCES
Books & Journal:
Foo, 2018. Follow‐up study of skin cancer in a UK paediatric transplant population.British Journal
of Dermatology,179(6), pp.e234-e234.
Lam, 2020. Occupation-Induced Skin Cancer.Kanerva’s Occupational Dermatology, pp.321-330.
Harwood, 2016. Skin cancer in the immunocompromised patient.Rook's Textbook of Dermatology,
Ninth Edition, pp.1-29.
Trakatelli, 2016. Skin cancer risk in outdoor workers: a European multicenter case–control
study.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology,30, pp.
Cherrie, 2020. Exposure to Solar UV During Outdoor Construction Work in Britain.Annals of Work
Exposures and Health.
Cetintepe, 2018. Sun-related risks and risk reduction practices in Irish outdoor
workers.Occupational Medicine,68(9), pp.635-637.
Houdmont, 2016. Sun safety knowledge and practice in UK postal delivery workers.Occupational

Medicine,66(4), pp.279-284.
Richardson, 2018. Site-specific solid cancer mortality after exposure to ionizing radiation: a cohort
study of workers (INWORKS).Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.),29(1), p.31.
Houdmont, 2016. Sun safety in construction: a UK intervention study.Occupational Medicine,66(1),
pp.20-26.
Ulrich, 2016. The European Status Quo in legal recognition and patient‐care services of
occupational skin cancer.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and
Venereology,30, pp.46-51.
Cranney, 2016. Impact of an outdoor gym on park users’ physical activity: A natural
experiment.Health & place,37, pp.26-34.
Lee, 2018. Understanding outdoor gyms in public open spaces: a systematic review and integrative
synthesis of qualitative and quantitative evidence.International journal of environmental
research and public health,15(4), p.590.
Karadeniz, 2019, July. Exploring Design Requirements of Outdoor Fitness Equipment for Young
People. InInternational Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics(pp. 628-
639). Springer, Cham.
Chow, 2018. Does the use of outdoor fitness equipment by older adults qualify as moderate to
vigorous physical activity?.PloS one,13(4).
Nowak, 2018. Bringing nature into public health plans and actions.Oxford Textbook of Nature and
Public Health: The Role of Nature in Improving the Health of a Population, p.291.
Shanahan, 2019. Nature–based interventions for improving health and wellbeing: The purpose, the
people and the outcomes.Sports,7(6), p.141.

4. APPENDICES
The above picture depicts the infrastructure of outdoor gym park.