Public Health Services and Pharmacy: Comprehensive Report

This report delves into the multifaceted role of pharmacies in public health, emphasizing their involvement in providing essential services and adhering to relevant policies. It examines the significance of emergency contraception within this framework, outlining the legal and ethical considerations that guide pharmacists' practices. The report also explores the individual and population-level approaches to public health, highlighting the differences in impact and the importance of both perspectives. Furthermore, it discusses the knowledge of national and local pharmacy operations, along with governance considerations that ensure quality service delivery. The report underscores the need for evidence-based practices, patient safety, and the promotion of public health awareness. Through an analysis of various policies and practices, the report underscores the crucial contributions of pharmacies in enhancing public health outcomes and overall well-being.

Pharmacy Public Health
Services

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Reference to policy.................................................................................................................4
Individual and population approach to public health.............................................................5
Knowledge of national and local pharmacy...........................................................................6
Consideration of governance..................................................................................................7
Critical discussion and reflection...........................................................................................8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Public Health refers to Art and Science for preventing disease, encouraging life and
promoting better health in an organized effort of society. This is the one through which services
provided for better condition of paper to maintain their health and improve well-being. Public
Health generally focuses on the entire spectrum of well-being and health. Public health
medicated summer-specific diseases for this, there are many activities which had done like health
campaign which can provide better promotion regarding health to people and keep awareness. In
the UK, public health is governed by public health England which was established in April 2013.
They are promoting Public Health and there are different types of health programs. Health
Campaign and different protocol which was implemented nationwide. This was distributed
through different channels which include general practice, dentistry, pharmacy and many more.
The main agenda was to reduce the inequality in public health. Healthcare professionals are for
providing better health protection services to country people. NHS is regularized and helps to
provide better healthcare services to improve the well-being of the population (Vázquez-
Rodríguez, (2018)).
The core concept of Public Health refers to certification program which is design to
provide working professional and individual for education and provide strong knowledge in the
area of Public Health which includes environmental health, epidemiology and bio-statics. In
context to the domain and therefore element there is 3 type of domain which includes some core
element. They are like health protection and prevention, health & social care and health
improvement. These are the domains with core elements. For health protection and prevention
are environmental health, emergency planning, communicable Disease Control, disease and
injury prevention. In health and social care, core elements are clinical governance, service
planning, efficiency, quality, clinical effectiveness and audit and evaluation. In health
improvement, core elements are education, housing, employment, family or community
inequality and inclusion & Lifestyle advice (Jindal, (2020)).
Through one process pharmacists can provide various services to public health which
includes providing care, pharmacotherapy along prevention measures. In pharmacy, pharmacists
have available resources regarding medication and health information along with dispensing
medicine. They play an important role in the clinical community and provide integration of
Public Health into Pharmaceutical care.

Pharmacist and working physician of the different stage has recruited for receiving
training program in emergency contraception. Different pharmacists in each pharmacy were
linked to a designated physician who can authorize prescriptions under some protocol.
Pharmacists role play to determine the eligibility of clients by asking some self-administered
questionnaire. It can provide some review to the pharmacist about emergency contraception
which includes the pharmacy importance in public health (Solanki, (2017)).
Reference to policy
Emergency contraceptive is the one in which pharmacy have the role in public health to
identify whether this is important or not for that client. To this, pharmacists have the right to ask
some questions which can be related to the self-administration of emergency contraception.
When pharmacist seems that, there is need to provide emergency contraception. This can be
provided to the client for better health and well-being. To emergency contraception policy, there
are some of the situation which has mentioned and method which can provide better rule and
regulation for accepting emergency contraception. There are some rules and regulations for
serious situations and emergency contraception can be used. When no contraceptive has been
used, in case of sexual assault when a woman was not protected through the contraceptive
method, due to contraceptive failure, can be done due to incorrect use of a condom, breakage of
condom etc (Aganezova, (2018)). Taking contraceptive pill not on the proper time, due to
spermicides tablet failed, failed in withdrawal, the expulsion of the intrauterine contraceptive
device and many more. These are some of the causes which can relate to using emergency
contraception and can have provided to the client for better regulation and public health and
well-being. A pharmacist's role is to provide such type of contraception with some proper
guideline which can help them to get better access of Healthcare and leads to better public health
and well-being to clients. There are some of the methods for emergency contraception which
include ECPs containing LNG, ECPs containing UPA, combined oral contraceptive pills,
copper-bearing intrauterine devices (Allen (2017)).
Emergency contraception is a method to avoid unwanted pregnancy. It can prevent
pregnancy when it is taken shortly after unprotected sex. In the early time, there was no policy or
regulation of legislation which were there to provide a legally contraceptive. After 1919, there
was legislation which was taken to explain the access of emergency contraceptive. There were
different states mandated emergency contraceptive for providing services to women who are

generally or due to some other reason due to which they get pregnant. Pharmacists where the
women can decide to provide contraceptive pills during an emergency. This shows that there was
a little bit of command and authorize pharmacists were able to fulfill the prescription for
contraceptives (Drummond, (2018)). There is also some state who refused the role of a
pharmacist who was refusing to prescription for a contraceptive. Some states had a field the
pharmacist for providing contraception and making the decision to provide them to or not. some
States appreciate this role and policy whether some of them refuse this policy. Providing
emergency contraceptives can have a high benefit to the public health condition which can relate
to provide better safety regarding pregnancy. This created benefits to society and ladies in
unwanted childbirth. There is the rule of Pharmacy is integrated with the water Public Health
agenda for providing and creating awareness about the emergency contraceptive use is regarding
provide better health and well-being to public health (Aluh, (2019)).
Individual and population approach to public health
There are different approaches to public health where individual and population
approaches in public health provide better and effective and a different opinion. There are
different type of opinion regarding emergency contraceptive which includes different reasons for
mainlining the society well and healthy. In this individual and population have different
approaches two public health. This is generally concerned with a physician or sometimes they
came directly for contraceptive to Pharmacy store. There are different approaches which can
either be formally or individually. This relates to having only one reason for him to get the
contraceptive pills to save a life and providing better health and social care. When individual
approaches to help in public health which can able to provide emergency contraceptives easily to
that person which can have to provide easily. Relation to providing the public health approach
for individual and population that which had difference between them and individual approaches
to the public health sector for emergency contraception (Chapman, (2020)). Then this can relate
to provide emergency contraceptives by the pharmacist for providing better health to that person
other than when the population approaches. This means there's a shortage and the high rate of
use of this contraception can lead to creating unethical ways and can have an impact on the
population which is related to public health. This creates an effect on an individual when they are
in an emergency and need drastically whether population approaches to public health can create
a high-impact and healthcare can we decrease and have a less impact on the individual. There are

different approaches to public health by an individual related to their nearest health care service.
This can create a high priority nationally able to go anywhere and can relate to provide national
eligibility to get the emergency contraceptive for better health internationally. This is
implemented to provide society with better enrichment for the availability of emergency
contraceptives to create a high impact on health and reduce the unwanted birth of a child. In
locally, there is a priority that to provide emergency contraceptive to people who are
unfortunately getting the pregnancy and need to discard hand lead to better health (Utami,
(2020)).
Knowledge of national and local pharmacy
There are different national and local pharmacy which works on different rules. National
pharmacies have the authority to provide the prescription according to evaluation and accessing
the test report and can provide medication themselves. Whereas, local pharmacies have the role
of getting the prescription and provide the prescribed medication to the client or public. They can
advise some medication to the public and recommend some practices which can have a high
positive impact on public health. Evidence-based Health Care practices can available several
conditions during emergency contraceptives. There are different practices which are not can be
always implemented in care delivery. There can be variation in practices where traditionally
Patient Safety resources have the main focus on identifying patient safety. Safety and related
with new practices which can help in quality improvement and Patient Safety. The national
focus on attention regarding implementation practices is thereby pharmacy (Allen, (2017)). Here,
pharmacists can implement these practices and better and well manner, and physicians have the
role to write the prescription related to emergency contraceptives. Different practices include a
strategy for addressing the complexity of the system of care. Evidence-based practice is the
judicious use of clinical expertise and patient value for providing better decisions. This can help
the pharmacist to use any information according to description and provide emergency
contraceptives to the population which can lead to provide better health and social well-being.
That should be good enough that providing emergency contraceptives to the people who are
needed for those who need to create an awareness related to emergency contraceptive pills. This
can help them to avoid the risk of unwanted childbirth. This can provide high initiative and
create the raising the profile of Pharmacy which can help a person to get rid of unwanted
childbirth (White, (2019)). There is a creative thought related to providing emergency

intercepted is to firstly avoid the pregnancy which can be using protection and different
contraceptives which can help to reduce and finish the risk of pregnancy. This can relate to
provide a better creative way for avoiding the risk of pregnancy and can have a better profile to
have the Pharmacy. Health services to provide creating awareness related to not getting pregnant.
There is a need to create awareness when people came for emergency contraceptives then there
is need to provide them the information and idea which can help them to stop the unwanted
pregnancy by using natural strategy. When there is no other way then take the emergency
contraceptive. Using the contraceptive regularly can create a high chance of losing the pregnancy
in the future and can have a different negative health effect on women (Hanberger, (2019)).
Consideration of governance
Pharmacists in pharmacy, there are important to the governance of services provided for
excellence in clinical practices. There is a need to ensure the quality of services that are
delivering to the patient with a higher standard in a government where pharmacy services could
be encompassed with clinical governance and information. Information governments can help to
protect patients and their personal information by getting misused. In this, there is a need to
maintain the confidentiality of patient information to provide government which comprises of
patient Public Health involvement risk management, stock management, etc. This process
required governments that include service providers and also includes the feedback and also
includes feedback from the patient. As a pharmacist in pharmacy superintendent should also
review current standard operating procedures for providing and delivering their services along
with complaints this can lead to provide better health care delivery during emergency
contraception confirmation. There is the application of the theory of practices which is related
with concerned with which is related to provide them regarding their private information should
not be misused by any person or anyone anytime. To provide them some basic theory of
practices which have a high impact on delivering our services to the public. Providing better
delivery of services to the public related to emergency contraception. There is a need to have the
prescription for the person who has time to the pharmacist for emergency contraceptives. This
can help them to easily identify the use of emergency contraception is necessary or not and
create a reduction in the misuse of emergency contraceptives by young adults. Is related to
providing better and effective health and that can lead to creating a better society concerning
public health. There is a positive impact on delivering emergency contraceptives related to

providing medication inefficient manner for providing better health to public health. It is evident
about the pharmacy which is already at the forefront for providing and delivering Public Health
Services which is not using fully as a profession. Due to lack of awareness, pharmacies have no
regulated information about their role and accurate procedure which can be used to provide
better health and social care. Incorporation of general practices of pharmacists with today and
positive result in patient outcome and creating public awareness. There is a need to provide some
effective policies and rules by governments of this public health. There is a need to standardize
and unify service provision which is in all community pharmacy settings. This can be created by
taking initiative and market Campaign is can provide awareness about the pharmacy nationally.
This can help to provide better information and better public health need fulfillment to relate and
provide information to the public (Pazol, (2018)).
Critical discussion and reflection
Pharmacy at the forefront for delivering Public Health Services. Several policies have
been related to public health and can able to publish in England. There is an outline of reason
regarding public health and pharmacy services which can deliver their services to emergency
contraceptive. Different people follow the strategy of plans. There is a need for different
strategies which can have a high impact over the next four years for better health of the public
for emergency contraceptive concern. There are different strategic which has been made and
policy has been created for providing emergency contraceptive to health. A different policy has
been created related to the delivery of emergency contraceptives to the people who are needed
for avoiding pregnancy or unwanted childbirth. Pharmacy has the role of continuing health-
promoting role where utilization of delivery of services should be an effective and efficient
manner. As a pharmacist, there is a need to provide high-quality service for improving health
and well-being for the local population to reduce health inequality. This can provide strong
support to the pharmacy forefront for providing strength for providing more services in case of
future. There are many pharmacy stores which have a pharmacist as a healthcare professional to
enquire about the availability of emergency contraceptive. This is for delivering services which
can be fulfilled the demand of patient and should ensure about delivery of valuable service. It
should be utilized with maximum capacity. The study also mentioned that policies related to
emergency contraceptives should be able to provide better relaxation and concern with public
health. This can provide emergency contraceptives to every public health. Service Provider for

providing this services as providing of contraceptive for avoiding unwanted birth. This should be
done National wide and can create a better society and public health.
As for the personal experience in pharmacy as a pharmacist, there is a need to deliver
emergency contraceptives to the person who is needed for this. This can help society to stop
unwanted childbirth and create better health and well-being for them. There is also a need to
provide better information and creating awareness related to avoiding pregnancy which can be
used by using male or female condoms and using contraceptives which can help to avoid the
chances of pregnancy. Emergency contraceptive awareness and information to be provided to
every people who should be a creation of different seminars and awareness programs. This can
help to provide and spread the information related to the concept which can provide and help in
the reduction of unwanted pregnancy. There is a need to create awareness especially in the youth
who have no control over pregnancy during intercourse which can be reduced. There is a need to
make them aware of the use of condoms with should be necessary during intercourse. This can
relate to create awareness and help to reduce the pregnancy chances that any person comes for
emergency contraceptive. There is a need to provide some information related to use and
negative impact on health we should provide better concern to that person concerning in public
health. There is a need to create an awareness that can lead to making them appear and not to get
any mistakes regarding pregnancy. There is also a need to make aware of the women or girls
who should use contraception or protection during intercourse. This can help to reduce the
chances of getting unwanted pregnancies and help to maintain better health and well-being. As a
pharmacist, the role is to providing emergency contraceptives to the people who are needed. This
should be provided to them by confirming the use and getting confirmed about the necessity of
that contraceptive. There is a need for good recognition in the future that can help to provide
avoiding unwanted childbirth and unwanted pregnancy. This should have higher learning and
needed in the society for making society better health and well-being (Ossai, (2018)).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it can be concluded as pharmacy have a high impact and role
in public health adolescent emergency contraceptive distribution. This depends on the
prescription and some states have provided the authority to a physician to write a prescription
and a pharmacist to evaluate whether it is necessary to provide them or not. This could lead to
providing emergency contraceptives to needed people to avoid unwanted childbirth. This

pharmacy practice should be there in a proper manner in the future to regulate public health
concerns. This can help to provide better health concerns to the public and better well-being.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Vázquez-Rodríguez, (2018). Family, personal, and social factors associated with the non-use of
contraceptive methods during the first sexual experience in adolescent women. Journal
of public health policy, 39(1), 100-110.
Jindal, (2020). Emergency contraception: Knowledge among service providers (nursing staff) in
a private medical college. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and
Pharmacology, 10(09).
Solanki, (2017). Identify determinant of contraceptive use in rural set up of Surat district,
Gujarat. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 4(8), 2956.
Aganezova, (2018). Emergency contraception among youth population. The European Journal of
Contraception and Reproductive Health Care, 23, 82.
Allen (2017). Basics of Compounding: 3D Printing--Pharmacy Applications, Part
2. International journal of pharmaceutical compounding, 21(3), 215-220.
Drummond, (2018). Pharmacogenomics: Precision Pharmacy in 503A
Compounding. International journal of pharmaceutical compounding, 22(2), 95-107.
Aluh, (2019). A comparative study of depression literacy between pharmacy and non-pharmacy
students of a Nigerian university. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and
Practice.
Chapman, (2020). National survey of pharmacists, intern pharmacists and pharmacy students in
Australia: the nature and extent of stress and well‐being. International Journal of
Pharmacy Practice, 28(4), 355-361.
Utami, (2020). The Effects of Capital Structure and Good Corporate Governance on Company
Value. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(2).
Allen, (2017). Basics of Compounding: 3D Printing--Pharmacy Applications: Geometric Shape
Effects on 3D Printing. International journal of pharmaceutical compounding, 21(5),
388-392.
White, (2019). Clinical governance for ostomates at risk of peristomal skin
complications. British Journal of Nursing, 28(16), S24-S32.
Hanberger, (2019). Evaluation systems in local eldercare governance. Journal of Social
Work, 19(2), 233-252.
Ossai, (2018). Determinants of contraceptive use among women attending antenatal care at
Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 27(2), 168-
179.
Pazol, (2018). Impact of contraceptive education on knowledge and decision making: an updated
systematic review. American journal of preventive medicine, 55(5), 703-715.