Macquarie University HSYP804: Public Health in Nepal Report

This report provides an overview of public health problems in Nepal, a developing nation facing significant health challenges. It highlights issues such as acute respiratory infections and malnutrition, which contribute to high mortality rates. The report discusses the government's efforts, including the Free Health Care Program (FHCP) and the Right to Health program, and their alignment with national and international laws. It examines the institutions and mechanisms in place, such as the Public Service Act and Nepal Treaty Act, while also pointing out limitations in supervision and health insurance options. The report suggests strategies to overcome these limitations, emphasizing the need for unrestricted institutional operations and fair health coverage. The conclusion underscores the importance of removing restrictions within governing bodies to improve public health outcomes. The report references key sources such as Adhikari et al., Keshav Rana, and Shrestha to support its findings.

Public Health Problem in Nepal
Nepal is smallest developing nation situated between Indian and Chinese border. The nation under in
tremendous poverty. The country is renowned for various health challenges as well. Nepal is undergoing
many health related issues. However, Nepal government promote healthcare programs, the public health
in Nepal still questionable and unstable. Most of the civilian affected with Acute Respiratory infections.
Many children and women identified as malnutrition. It leads to higher mortality rates as well.
Nepal government published health as prime right of everyone in the year 2014.The Public health
reformation process ensures everyone Nepal will get free basic health services (Adhikar,2018). The Free
Health Care Program (FHCP) addresses the malnutrition and other primary health care services. The right
to health program 2014 in Nepal allows the government to establish the primary health centers in villages
that will ensure and satisfies the basic need of health care services.
National and International Laws associated with Public Health Problems:
In general, Nepal government sector and private sector failed to satisfy the international health standards.
The national public health law from WHO insists the public health in Nepal. International human rights
law declares the public health is basic right for every civilian of the nation. So national level Nepal
launches various public health laws such as Public service Act 2075 launched in the year 2018. Likewise,
another Act called Nepal Treaty Act 1990 ensures the public treatment during criticality (Keshav, 2018)
Institution and mechanism related to the law:
International human rights direct the legislation, health policies and health programs devised
through institutions and mechanism. Health fundaments rights article 35 enforces the public
health care rule. Based on that Nepal constitution is running FHCP – Free Health Care program
across the nation through institutional structure. FHCP jointly working with Aama Program to
fight against the tropical disease.

Limitation of Institutions and Mechanism in Nepal:
a. The Institutions and health care mechanism in Nepal limited with certain parameters such
as no authority to supervise and question the health care policy.
b. It restricts the civilian with limited health insurance options
c. Institution and Mechanism should be abide national health insurance and health care laws
d. Institution and Mechanism in Nepal limited with respect to the profile executions
(Shrestha, 2014)
Strategies to overcome the limitations:
The supportive institutions and acting mechanism should run freely without any defined
boundaries. It will expand the program to the entire constitution. The Nepal constitution should
provide the fair health coverage without any hindrances. If institution and mechanism of public
health care in Nepal runs without any restriction and limitation will improve the health care
programs, concentrates on public hygiene, and promotes the public healthcare service of the
Nation (Shrestha, 2014)
Conclusion:
The public health care act and laws enforced in Nepal. It reduces or minimizes the mortality rate
drastically. Still child and women mortality rate is bit higher side. In order to eradicate all such
issues the governing bodies, institutions and governing mechanism should work without any
restrictions. It will reforms the public health care in Nepal

Reference:
Adhikari SR and Aryal S. Assessing Nepal's health policies and programs from a human rights
perspective. Indian J Public Health [serial online] 2018 [cited 2019 Aug 18]; 62:123-7.
Keshav Rana, The public health, government responsibility and new federal structure in
Nepal’(June,2018), J Public Health Policy Plann 2018 Volume 2 Issue 2
3. Shrestha S,Challenges and Opportunities of Public Health Research in
Nepal’(March,2014),Kathmandu University Medical Journal,vol. 12 | no. 1 | issue 45 | jan - mar
2014