Strategies for Improving Community Health in the UK

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THE ROLE OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE

Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
LO1 Approaches to measure evaluate and control disease incidences in communities (Task 1
AC 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and MI, M2).....................................................................................................3
LO2 Investigating illness and disease implications in services related to social care and
healthcare (Task 2 AC 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and D1)............................................................................6
LO3 Analysing effects of lifestyle choices on healthcare and social care service needs (Task 3
AC 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 M3 and D2, D3)........................................................................................9
Conclusion................................................................................................................................11
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Introduction
Social workers and healthcare workers are responsible to manage diseases and control illness
to secure prevention programs within a community. Public healthcare and social care workers
are focused on addressing health issues within the community to improve individual
wellbeing with consideration of environment and the social, emotional and physical health. In
UK different healthcare agencies and NHS implement strategies to improve the health care
services to improve and maintain community health. Primary curative services and
intervention programs support assessment of prevalent diseases and planning and
implementing strategies that can reduce the occurrence of diseases and illness within the
community.
This study aims to evaluate the role of social care and public healthcare services in prevailing
diseases and serious illnesses within the community to develop a healthy society. The
epidemiology of AIDS and cardiovascular disease in UK are discussed and strategies are
mentioned to control the incidences in the community. In addition, patient-centred
approaches are discussed along with intervention strategies to support healthy community
development. Moreover, UK healthcare strategies along with behavioural changes are
discussed to improve health in society. The government agencies provide support to provide
medical facilities and support easy access with the aid of policy-guided public healthcare
services. The implementation of partnered services supports improvement in social and
healthcare services within a community.
LO1 Approaches to measure evaluate and control disease incidences in
communities (Task 1 AC 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 and MI, M2)
The role of health agencies in identifying health level and diseases is crucial in improving
the wellbeing and health in a community setting. Public healthcare and social care system
indulges in the community partnership to provide guidance to integrate a coordinated
function in organisations that provide services related to healthcare and social care. As
mentioned by Wallerstein et al. (2017:15), the participatory function of the social care and
healthcare agencies can help in monitoring and evaluating the incidence of diseases with a
community and moreover act on its prevalence. Actions of strong government provide
support to maintain a critical surveillance system to develop suitable healthcare policies
within the community. On the other hand, Silk et al. (2017:245) mentioned that social
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networks and comprehensive management of social factors are essential in delivering
integrated healthcare programs to ensure healthy wellbeing.
The role of the public agencies involves collecting information regarding health status of
individuals within the community and analysing them to develop and recommend policies
for protecting health of republic. The responsibility of the agency to analyse the health
status support the acknowledgement of the status of healthy wellbeing and the intensity of
disease occurrence within a community. Bosworth et al. (2017:93) explained that government
agencies are regulated with economic support from the Federal Government that provides
leadership and technical assistance to carry on with the designated services. Moreover,
assuming national data and engaging in epidemiological studies and research support the
implementation of required services with efficiency. As described by Manganello et al.
(2017:23), the CBPR programs support the public agencies to develop consensus and
provide services that are required foremost. In addition to this, social safety and stable
funding are required to evaluate to reduce health threats by providing services with standard
guidelines and equity maintenance.
Epidemiology of infectious and non-infectious diseases in UK can provide a clear
understanding of the required healthcare and social care services to improve community
living. The most widespread infectious disease in UK is AIDS with more than 6,000 cases
are diagnosed in each year. In addition to this, around 7% of deaths are due to the
occurrences of AIDS. Moreover, 13% of individuals are unaware of the infection making it
more severe than the other infectious disease occurrences
(researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk, 2017). HIV prevalence has been estimated by the
transmission via sex, race, age and region of residence. Around 77% of people are affected by
HIV through sexual transmission. In addition, the racial mixture has increased the chances of
AIDS occurrences as 30% white, 42% black and 22% of Hispanic people are infected with
HIV (avert.org, 2017). The diagnosis and healthcare services are limited to Antiretroviral
Therapy Cohort Collaboration (ART-CC). Moreover, social care services are focused on
therapies and social awareness of the disease.
The occurrences of Coronary Artery diseases are more relevant as non-infectious diseases
in UK. Prevalence of coronary heart diseases are attributed to 68% of the total deaths in 2017
and 32% of people affected with this condition are deprived of healthcare facilities in UK
(kingsfund.org.uk, 2019). Associated conditions such as strokes are responsible for 46% of
total deaths in UK. Quality and Outcomes Framework (QOF) has provided strategies that
support the registration and diagnosis of affected individuals for prevalence of cardiovascular
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diseases (CVD). The diagnosis and surgical services helped in reducing the occurrences in
Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland; however, England has faced with an increase of its
occurrence by 2%. Social and health care services are implemented according to policies to
control the occurrence through awareness and standard procedures.
Efficiency of approaches to control disease incidence can be determined by evaluating the
epidemiology of the prevalent occurrences of diseases. The National Service Framework has
prioritised the strategies for prevalence of AIDS and CVD in order to improve community
health. The services included identification and providing treatment services, both medicinal
and therapeutic for successful control and prevention of the disease. As mentioned by Zwar et
al. (2017), patient centred-approach is effective in controlling diseases and providing services
that are effective in improving health condition. The high-risk and population approach can
help in undertaking preventive measures for disease control. On the other hand, Rose
(2017:25) commented that the targeted approach for disease prevention can help in
reducing its occurrences. This strategy involves different stages to overcome the risk of
diseases. Primordial prevention involves changes in behaviour to control the disease,
whereas, primary and secondary prevention involves therapeutic and mediation services to
reduce the risk factors for disease occurrences. On the other hand, tertiary prevention
involves strategies to eliminate impairments with treatment programs to promote individual
health.
The high-risk approach of disease prevention is beneficial as it provides prevention
programs in individualistic way and controls relevant risks to provide optimum health
conditions. Moreover, this approach focuses on person-centred approach making is specific
to disease condition and effective to eliminate adverse situation. The health professional can
work for designing specific treatment programs to control disease occurrences. On the other
hand, Bosworth et al. (2017:94) stated that population approach involves a general method
such as preventive vaccinations and primary care services to prevent disease occurrences in a
population. Further, the dose-response relationship emphasises on population distribution that
lowers the efficiency of prevention programs. However, population approach supports the
management of situation in cost-effective way in a community setting rather than
individualistic expensive programs.
Standard biomedical ethics are needed to be implemented to make the medical paternalism
effective and control disease occurrence in a community and provide appropriate solutions
to health-related issues. Systematic sampling and standard clinical service delivery provide
the scope to help to reduce the disease occurrences within a community. Epidemiological
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approach can help in addressing the population risk by combining the high-risk and
population approach, making it effective in providing healthcare services as per policies to
control the disease occurrences effectively. As stated by Manganello et al. (2017:8), CBPR
approach for increasing health literacy and capacity of community facilitates the
implementation of professional services as per determined treatment policies.
Analysing the trend of disease occurrences and policy framework, the researcher was able to
evaluate the effectiveness of implemented healthcare service system. Moreover,
epidemiological research has provided comprehension about the mandatory treatment and
prevention programs to reduce the occurrences of AIDS and cardiovascular diseases.
Moreover, analysis of risk and community perspective has supported the implementation of
primary preventive care and screening mediated secondary and tertiary prevention services.
LO2 Investigating illness and disease implications in services related to
social care and healthcare (Task 2 AC 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, and D1)
Current approaches in healthcare and social care services involve the regulation of
healthcare policies via National Health Service (NHS). Thus system of availing healthcare
and social care services with professionals and provide the facility of private health
insurance. The standards of quality, access to care, efficiency and equity for healthy lives
supported the maintenance of standardised healthcare services to reduce the occurrence of
diseases and illness and support the development of healthy community. As accounted by
Batalden et al. (2016:509), a holistic approach for service care management and standard
regulation can help in providing services that provide person-centred services and address the
specific needs of people with disorder. In UK, the delivery of service are regulated by
Strategic Health Authorities and funded publicly to ensure long-term care and support
independence.
The general practice and primary care are availed for chronic conditions. As mentioned by
Wade (2016:23), rehabilitation through evidence-based care programs can support the
management of health effects. The integrated social and health care services have helped in
improving self-management and improved prevention programs. With this approach, 89% of
service users are availing home-based and professional services that increased the potential
increment of healthy living facilities. NHS has provided approaches for chronic disease
management through QOF. Moreover, the comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) has
supported clinical service delivery. Community-based approach has helped in reducing
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conflicts to supported social care services in communities across UK. Moreover,
development of a single budget, availing free personal care for needy individuals and
securing hypothecated tax support the improvement of social care in UK. The Conservative
Party suggested that a lifetime cost cap for care services and generating additional care
funding can support health improvement through high-quality healthcare services within
community (health.org.uk, 2019).
Relationship between disease prevalence and support service system is needed to be
evaluated to implement services that are beneficial for health improvement. The
epidemiology of a disease provides with the required information that can be used to devise a
treatment plan to improve health. As proposed by Sawatzky et al. (2016:5), palliative
approach can be undertaken to evaluate the relation between the primary care services and
disease prevalence. Epidemiological analysis supports the evaluation of services through the
guideline of public health policies, economic, delivery of services and disease occurrences.
The commission of healthcare service provider estimated the pattern of disease occurrences
and develops a diseases prevention plan that includes the improvement of environmental
conditions and mental health as well as physical health improvement in accordance to
national health policies. Om the other hand, Richard et al. (2017:64), mentioned that equity in
health service delivery is essential to control disease prevalent in a community.
The high mortality rate of AIDS and CVD are needed to be controlled with specifically
designed healthcare schemes as it needs professional practice. Population-based variables
provide thorough comprehension about the requirement of the intervention programs.
Moreover, the epidemiological studies provide the cost-benefit analysis along with
effectiveness report that helps in evaluating suitable healthcare delivery system. As
commented by Sallnow et al. (2016:200), ethical consideration in public health approach
provides the objective to deliver services that encompass equity and health improvement
facilities. The prevalence of chronic disease occurrence can only be countered with
significantly well-structured services delivery system that includes the health care ethics,
such as undertaking population approach for public health activity, shared responsibility
and social coordination under the Public Health Skills and Knowledge Framework (PHSKF)
in UK.
Lifestyle patterns and choices impact upon the health and future health needs that in
turn regulate the healthcare and social care services required by an individual. As stated by
Ohrnberger et al. (2017:42), environmental factors along with lifestyle habits impact upon the
physical as well as mental health as they regulate the physiological activities within the body.
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Therefore, healthcare services and social care needs are dependent upon the choice of
lifestyle. Personal and family medical history, employment and education along with
behavioural factors impact mental and physical health of a person. The influence of alcohol,
drugs and tobacco induce stress on emotional wellbeing and physical health that needs
serious consideration oh needed healthcare and social care services. 17.7% of CVD and
AIDS patients are recorded to have smoking habit, while around 72% affirmed regular
drinking habits due to stress. These lifestyles have increased the severity of the diseases in
UK. On the other hand, Ghvanidze et al. (2017:863) mentioned that the ethical values and
environmental challenges instigate the changes in daily living habits and thus, influences the
metabolic activities resulting in increasing disorders.
The prevalence of obesity, cholesterol, insomnia, anxiety and depression are dependent upon
the lifestyle including eating habits, employment and emotional environment. These, in turn,
influenced the occurrences of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases resulting in the
development of future needs to healthcare services. As proposed by Sallnow et al.
(2016:207), significant lifestyle-related choices are key indicators to the developmental issues
and health problems. Behavioural and variable social problems, including physical activities,
dietary habits and combined behaviour impact upon health and gradually increase the need to
undergo medical intervention programs to stabilise the life expectancy and social life in a
community.
Aligning the issues and available services, a convergent understanding can be obtained
about the disease prevalence, current approaches and lifestyle choices. All these issues are
directed towards the development and maintenance of a suitable healthcare service program
that addresses the prevalent diseases and implements approaches to control them efficiently.
Moreover, the analysis of lifestyle choices can also lead to the understanding of the
healthcare service needs for an individual. As opined by Richard et al. (2016:64), healthcare
system is needed to be equipped with equity standards to deliver services as required.
Nonetheless, the creative implementation of service availability and professionalism can
support the management of services and prevalent diseases in UK communities effectively.
Moreover, the management of healthcare standards as per epidemiological data can help in
providing services that suffice with standards, ethics and professionalism to improve the
scope of healthy community development.
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LO3 Analysing effects of lifestyle choices on healthcare and social care
service needs (Task 3 AC 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 M3 and D2, D3)
Assessing priorities in social care and healthcare settings help in analysing the specific
requirements and designing of healthcare and social care services. The priorities of health and
wellbeing involve the strategies for management of factors that influence physical, mental
and social health. As commented by Diener et al. (2017:133), subjective well-being affects
the health and reflects upon the future healthcare service needs. The strategies for health and
wellbeing prioritise the reduction of the effects of substandard mental health, physical
inactivity and enhancement of screening program. In UK, the screening for cardiovascular
diseases and AIDS at the primary prevention care services has been integrated to reduce its
occurrence and maintain a high standard of living. The determination of priority is assessed
by evaluating personal experience and medical history that indicates the development of
strategies to meet the medical and social care requirements.
Efficiency of policies, strategies and systems in social care and healthcare settings helps
in reducing the disease occurrences and support in management of quality service delivery.
The quality of care services in NHS focuses on quality and maintenance of safety standards
to address health-related issues. Care Quality Commission as provided a Quality and
Outcome Framework that provided guidance to maintain standard practices for General
Practitioners (GP) (Jenkins et al. 2016:201). Moreover, the National Health Service and
Community Care Act provided the scope of funding and standardising healthcare and social
care practices to improve community health. The Health and Social Care Act 2012
supported the reorganisation of healthcare and social care services to benefit the community
extensively. As proposed by Stickley et al. (2017:14), significant inequalities have been
reduced and health behaviour and lifestyle have been improved to regulate the health status of
the country.
The intervention of Health and Wellbeing Board has helped in increasing the quality and
safety measured in services that supported the growth of NHS and community health.
Moreover, Equality Act 2010 and Data Protection Act 1988 support the conservation of
medical information and maintenance of confidentiality to increase satisfaction with
healthcare services. The strategic management of health care service providers is also
necessary to improve the performance of social care providing agencies and healthcare
organisations. This facilitates an overall improvement in the community healthcare issues as
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they provide significant professional outlook towards the management of health-related
issues.
Strategies to improve health in social care and healthcare settings are important to
implement as they help in directing required changes within the healthcare services.
Communal health can be improved with increased medical health literacy and management of
health issues at the preliminary stage. Thus, this requires advanced screening programs and
facilities that support the management of disorder at the basic stage. As mentioned by
Chandler et al. (2016:461), simplified Complexity theory helps in implementing evidence-
based practices in healthcare services to manage health effectively. Strategic planning
requires service redesign and management of demand and performance to improve
healthcare services. Clinical decision-making, assessing needs, supply and performance,
determining priorities and reviewing current service provisions help in improving social
care and healthcare services. Child care services and encouraging awareness about health
services can help in increasing the scope of service quality improvement. Nonetheless, the
management of care homes and commissioning for personalised care plan can improve the
healthcare settings and services effectively.
Activities to encourage change of behaviour for health improvement are needed to be
implemented with the maintenance of standard healthcare policies. Behavioural changes are
important to consider as lifestyle choices affect the health and reflect upon the future needs
for healthcare and social care services. As described by Yardley et al. (2016:833), digital
behavioural change can help in healthcare intervention programs as they can facilitate the
effectiveness of the implemented programs. The integration of behavioural changes in
healthcare services can help in developing competency in self-efficacy, social influence and
disease literacy. Increasing physical activities, social interaction and literacy can reduce the
occurrence of anxiety, stress, depression, diabetes and obesity like disorder occurrence. In
addition, Hills et al. (2015:368) explained that behavioural changes help in reducing the risk
for communicable and non-communicable disease occurrence as it improves physiological
functioning and maintenance of positive environment. Thus, the social healthcare system
should incorporate techniques that address health literacy and awareness to improve health
conditions.
Communicating about appropriate strategies and management facilities for healthcare
service regulation helps in developing awareness and maintenance of standards as directed by
NHS. the strategic management policies regarding care services and availability of services
provided with better understanding to regulate the practices regarding social care and
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healthcare. Moreover, the application of Equality and Health and Social Care Act support the
management of health and social care practices as they provide prominent guidance. The GP
and the clinical representatives needed to acquire specific professional skills for the
implementation of the services (Hills et al. 2015:369). In addition, the strategic management
priorities in social care and healthcare practices help in delivering services with accuracy that
supports the enhancement of efficacy of the implemented intervention programs.
Organising and managing activities through acquiring information about the medical
condition as well as lifestyle choices support the evaluation of intervention program to
determine the suitability to improve health condition. As opined by Klecun (2016:64),
healthcare practices need to be arranged as per the designated policies to make them authentic
and generate desired results effectively. With the incorporation of strategic management of
dietary habits, life-decisions and social environment can help in inducing intervention
programs that help in developing a beneficial healthy environment.
Critically evaluating the management strategies and systems implemented in the healthcare
and social care system, it can be analysed that the policy framework and the epidemiological
understanding are essential in guiding the service and intervention programs. Moreover,
addressing the challenges and prioritising the approaches can help in providing a clear
understanding of the implemented process and the opportunity to improve them. Further, it
can be stated that the effectiveness of the approaches and healthcare and social care
environment are important to evaluate provide an optimum condition for health improvement
within the community.
Conclusion
The analysis of the different strategic intervention and implemented policies and system
helped in deriving the conclusion that public health care and social care agencies and services
are required for maintaining healthy community system. The role and activities of different
agencies to prevail in the prevalence of disease occurrence is huge and needed to be
comprehended sincerely to increase the opportunity for healthy community development.
Further, it can be stated that the analysis of epidemiological data is important to control
prevalent diseases as they provide relevant information and provide insight into the method
of controlling it. The geographic distribution, frequency of occurrence, effects on community
and social system can support the development of strategy and prevention system to regulate
and eliminate its occurrence. The prevalent diseases of the UK, such as AIDS and
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Cardiovascular diseases can be controlled by evaluating the best-suited strategy to develop
awareness and control its adverse effects on community.
The UK healthcare facilities help in addressing the strategic implementation of intervention
programs and management of services to control health-related issues occurrence.
Behavioural changes and lifestyle choices can help in reducing the spread of the disease in
society. Moreover, policy guided standardised intervention programs can help in improving
health status effectively. Therefore, it can be stated the highly regulated and participative
approach based healthcare and social care system is required for improving community
health.
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