Report on Public Services in Contemporary Society - David Game College

This report provides a comprehensive overview of public services in contemporary society, focusing on their development, operational structures, accountability, and funding mechanisms. It highlights the evolution of public services from limited areas like health and education to broader platforms for social change. The report includes a case study on the Black Lives Matter movement, examining its impact on public confidence and policing. It further describes the operational structure of public service organizations, particularly the police, and their accountability, both operationally and strategically. Additionally, the report identifies various funding sources available to the public sector and how these funds are allocated. Examples of emergency incidents, both in the UK and internationally, are also provided, offering a holistic view of the challenges and responsibilities within the public service domain. Desklib offers a variety of solved assignments and past papers for students.

Public Services in
Contemporary Society

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
P1 Describe the development of public services.........................................................................3
P2 Outline the development of a selected public service organisation.......................................3
P3 Describe the operational structure of a given public services organisation..........................4
P4 Explain how the public sector is held accountable for its actions and direction both
operationally and strategically.....................................................................................................5
P5 Explain the types of sources of funding available to the public sector..................................6
P6 Identify how funding is allocated to different public sector organisations............................6
P7 Identify a range of examples of emergency incident, both UK-based and international.......6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Public Services can be defined as medium through which necessary assistance and support is
extended to the public. Public services are responsible for leading the scope for development and
improvement in the prevailing social domain by catering fair opportunities to the people. The
major purpose of public services is to assist in the increment of quality of life as well as facilitate
equal access of public amenities and facilities to each and every individual (Osborne, 2020). The
report highlights upon the development of public services over the course of time. Also, a small
scale research assessment has been conducted in context to “The quest for public confidence”
with the appropriate insights upon the case of Black Lives Matte which reflects upon the impact
of the Black lives Matter on the public confidence and policing authorities reaction to the same is
discussed in the report. The report also mentions the structuring of the police as well as their
reasonability and accountability for their concerned action. Moreover, the different funding
methods available within the private sector and the ways for allotment of funds are also
demonstrated within the respective report.
MAIN BODY
P1 Describe the development of public services
In the current era, the significance of public services has been potentially accelerated
through a series of international events across the globe. Public services have emerged as a
necessary platform that caters to the vulnerable sections of the society. It helps the general
citizens to raise their voices for the right and fight for equal status in the society. Earlier, public
services were limited to restricted areas such as health, welfare, education etc. But with the
changing times, the role exhibited by public services has also incredibly transformed into
extremely powerful platform that can bring out a positive change in the society (Loeffler and
Bovaird, 2020). The development of public services has been enhanced through the constant
effort led by the government in leading effective governance and monitoring of the social
environment. The integration of communication channels as well as the development information
technology sector has also provided a major assistance in the growth of public services in the
recent times. The development of public services is quite the need of the hour as it can assist in
the protection of the needful within the society.

One of the most significant factors that have contributed towards the development of public
services can be termed as the online networking and social media platforms. Through the
optimisation of internet and networking mediums, people nowadays have the opportunity to raise
their concerns and influence other people to acquire awareness in respect to an important issue in
the society (Thompson, 2020). For instance, Black lives matter became a global campaign by the
support of social media and other communication modes. The development of the respective
movement also emphasized upon the importance of monitoring policing in the society and the
ways it can be improvised in order to assist individuals to acquire justice and fairness within the
same (Özbilgin, M.F. and Erbil, C., 2021).
P2 Outline the development of a selected public service organisation
The delivering of government funded services all dependent upon present demographic
pressures and public expectancy. Government has tried for improving public services by
structural reform, outsourcing, routine process improvements and the creation for public service
market. There are several evidences which show that performance of public services is basically
dependent upon major structures reform. Several small improvements within public sector lead
to a major impact upon society. Successive government planning has been trying for improving
public service efficiency by the outsourcing method. Voluntary and private sector organisations
are also providing transactional services like waste collection. There is sharing of information on
cost and performance of providers in relation to parliament and public for showing that
government is under control and there is increase of emphasising on value of money. There are
several existing efforts which leads to enhancement of commercial expertise and skills.
Moreover, there is management of different deals and retention incentives which are used in
exporting system. There is requirement of testing ideas which are associated with improvement
of reform plans. There are several energy and sustained focus upon managers who are bringing
the implementation of planning. Different phases are involved in reforming the approaches used
for improving and enhancing circumstance change. There is need to improve safeguard and
building of central teams which support and challenge projects. There is need to invest in
creation of management information for successful businesses. It includes responsibility to
ensure that decision-making is important and it drives to accountability.
Black lives matter is an international social movement which was formed in United States in the
year 2013. This movement is dedicated for fighting racism and anti-black violence. Main focus

of this movement is on police brutality. As the name suggests, this movement signals
condemnation of unjustified killing of black people by police (Bennett, et.al, and Gates, 2021).
There are several activists involved in this movement and they have played a larger role for
managing protests in different cities across US and also at international level. There are several
campaigns and programmes associated with black people’s safety. It is an online movement
which was started by black community organisers naming Alicia Garza, Patrice Khan cullors and
Opal tometi.
P3 Describe the operational structure of a given public services organisation.
This movement expanded in the year 2014 after police killings of two black men naming
Michael Brown and Eric garner. A white police officer voice captured in a video in which he was
choking Michael Brown. There are many goals of this movement. BLM activists are seeking for
drawing attention towards different incidents faced by black people living in US, UK and other
countries.
Black lives matter in UK is ur leading movement. This movement does not believe in leadership
and that is why the operational structure is non hierarchical. The activist of this movement
Joshua virasami is going through confusion regarding approach of leadership which she has to
use for managing the movement properly. Founder of black lives matter UK has largely
remained anonymous. There is core group of activists what involved in this movement and
nobody is taking charge as in leader who is going to represent the movement. Veerasamy is one
of the most vocal and public member associated with in this movement but he is not the Lido.
The network of black lives matter across the world depends upon the idea that agent every
individual involved in this movement has the courage to step up like early dough and control
overall the problems faced by black people. Mass global online issues are organised by several
spokespeople who take advantage of public speaking and leading to confusion regarding
movement stands about messages for black people safety (Holt and Sweitzer, 2020).
Horizontal leadership: black lives matter movement emerged in response to acquittal of George
Zimmerman. This person shoot 17 year old treyvon Martin in the year 2013. Founders of this
movement took an initiative to protest against white people who are killing black people for no
reason. The first official organisation which came into account for taking initiative for black
people was started in the year 2013 officially. There are several individuals who organised
cofounder leadership in order to create several chapters and structured the continuity of work.

According to this, the Co founders suggested to have a formal leadership title in order to manage
this civil right movement efficiently. The international black lives matter website states that the
leadership structure for this movement will allow to contribute interdependently as well as
independent with each other. It is concluded that global black lives matter network structure is
helping different individuals to step up and take responsibility for different leadership tasks.
There are lot of rigorous assessments in order to manage prospective chapters which belong to
global network of this movement. It consists of being registered as a legal entity and properly
ensuring the alignment of structure as well as principles.
P4 Explain how the public sector is held accountable for its actions and direction both
operationally and strategically
The high profile police killings of black men in Minneapolis and rogue and fatal attacks on
officers by antipolis gunmen were seen protesting in North Carolina after the police was shooting
Keith Scott who was a black man. Public sector is accountable for the black lives matter
movement in context of their actions for maintaining equality for black people. As per the
“Black live matter” ,2020 it can be stated that there is a strong narrative which represents the
emerging of different tragedies for racially motivated targeting of black Americans and police
force. It states that backing up of new report on city of Baltimore in context of justice is involved
which low income neighbourhood. In context of background, there is a campaign which started
in the year 2013 and grew in protest against killing of black people this movement was
accountable because of the actions taken by police in negative manner. The formal organisation
which sprang from different protests started with gold for highlighting the disproportionate
incidences and manage indifferent black community members. There is chapter based national
organisation which was working for liability and viability of black life. It included development
of issues associated with black women. It consisted of undocumented black people and black
people with disabilities who were not provided equal rights. There were approximately 1500
people who have been shot and killed by on duty police officers since 2015. It is also
concludedthat different figures suggest for managing white people were shot by police officer
than a black person. There are 32% of black victims who were unarmed and they were killed.
The number of unarmed white people die becausr of the action taken by police. There is need for
counting the distortion of data and managing different reasons (Umamaheswar, J., 2020). The

voluntary collaboration of Police Department in context of Federal Bureau of investigation has to
take place which will be helpful in identifying shooting of officers if police was involved in
shooting under investigation. There is respa’s it of institutional racism which provided justice
system and controversy. In context of mass shooting of police officers, there was a new
campaign started 4 blaming the war on cops. In context of this data, there was intentionally
killing off lowest level presidency and hate crime which was or reality in context of black
community minority group.
Facebook users who identified as Liberal voters leaning toward the Democratic Party are
somewhat more certain over their Conservative and Democrat party competitors to claim that
anything their observed on these platforms has altered their opinions on a problem (25 percent
vs. 21 percent ). In 2018, the same trend emerged, although the margin reduced to 4 percentage
points from 10 percentage points. Today, there are additional distinctions based on race,
ethnicity, and age. For example, Asian Americans (29 percent), Blacks (28 percent), and
Hispanics (28 percent) are more likely than Whites (20 percent) to claim they have altered their
minds about a political or social issue after using social media. And 34% of social media users

between the ages of 18 and 34. Since the Center last posed this question in 2018, the percentage
of social media platforms who say they have altered their minds on an issue has risen to 23%, up
from 15% in 2018. (among the overall population, the share is 17 percent now and was 14
percent then). When questioned about the reasons that have caused them to change their minds,
such adults frequently name the Black Lives Matter movement and police violence. They also
discuss how their perspectives on major groups, ideas, and political leaders have shifted.
P5 Explain the types of sources of funding available to the public sector
There are several funding methods available with the public sector in order to acquire
adequate finances and run their regular operations in a prominent manner. The first and foremost
method that can be capitalized by public sector in order to acquire funds can be characterized as
government support. Government provides major financial assistance to the various
organizations working in the public sector in order to assist them in regulation of their routine
practices and lead optimum growth and development through the same. In addition to the same,
the taxes derived by the government from the general population are also utilized in facilitating
financial aid to the public sector firms. Equity financing can also be opted by the public sector in
order to gain sufficient financial pull As per the “Sources of funding”,2018, equity finance can
be termed as a source of finance wherein the institutions can issue the respective shares of the
company in exchange of capital from the investors. In this form of funding, public sector
enterprise is not responsible for delivering interest to the investors however the company must
try and provide a good return on investment to the concerned individuals who have bought the
shares of the company. It can be said that public sector must choose the appropriate form and
type of funding according to the structure, scale and type of functioning. The appropriate set of
funding can prove to be helpful to the public sector in leading its operations in an effective
manner. In context to the Black lives Matter movement, the major funding was contributed by
The Democracy Alliance. It excessively supported the movement through constant donation
which in turn can be stated as a great help in the success of the movement.
P6 Identify how funding is allocated to different public sector organisations
The funding is appropriately provided to various public sector institutions in accordance
with the importance, necessity and relevance of the same in the global environment.

Healthcare can considered to be the most funded sector that is facilitated with the increased
financial support as it is very necessary for every nation to maintain the standard level of
healthcare infrastructure, facilities and services for its respective citizens. In developed countries
such as United Kingdom and United States, the healthcare sector receives the maximum
percentage of funding as compares to the other public sectors.
The education sector also receives majority of funding as well. The fact that enhanced focus on
education is one of the necessary means for the developing the literacy and employment rate of
the nation is the main reason behind investing huge funds within the same. The government
spends upon the education sector in order heighten the bar f productivity and intellect within the
population which in turn can assist in the long term sustainability of the country as well.
It can be sated that a large part of funding is also allocated to the facilitation of pension so as to
aid the individuals who have continuously contributed within the public services in the past for a
given period of time. According to the “What is Uk’s total spending” 2021, it can be stated that
approximately 19% of total public funding has been allocated to the pension by the United
Kingdom.
Also, defence sector plays an important part in ensuring the stability and safety of the nations in
a constant mannerism. Hence, an adequate percentage of funding is also facilitated to the
maintenance of the defence sector.
Moreover, various funds are also allotted in backing up the social welfare institutions, NGOs and
the other forms of developmental schemes and grants.
P7 Identify a range of examples of emergency incident, both UK-based and international
Black lives matter can be suggested as the most appropriate example in respect the critical
incident that has ever come across upon the international platforms. The movement was
propounded in order to revert back to the inequality and injustice and racism exercised with
black people by the police officials. The fact that individuals belonging to black race were
treated with extreme brutality in comparison to the whites created an outrage within the
concerned community and this turned into a revolutionary movement which is still going very
strong. The Black lives matter movement has become a global concern as it has resonated with
the people and elevated the awareness in regard to the prevalence of humanity and
considerateness towards the black community. Millions of people including famous celebrities

and influencers came to the streets and protested against the authorities in order to fight for their
rights and justice to live peacefully without any fear of discrimination and unnecessary violence.
Also, recently the George Floyd moment also came into limelight as it reflected upon the
insensitivity and unethical behaviour practised by the police authorities. George Floyd was an
African American citizen who was murdered by the police officials while protesting. This came
as a shock for the people at the protest and worldwide nations. People across the world expressed
their grief and concern regarding the same as well. Protesting is a human right of an individual
and no one should be killed for standing for their rights and fighting for equal treatment and
justice.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it is concluded that there are several public movements started
for handling different situations. There is need for controlling and developing ways to control all
activities and focus upon the management of these movements. Black live matters movement
helped black people to focus upon the rights and play an essential role for getting their rights.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Osborne, S.P., 2020. Public Service Logic: Creating Value for Public Service Users, Citizens,
and Society Through Public Service Delivery. Routledge.
Loeffler, E. and Bovaird, T., 2020. Assessing the impact of co-production on pathways to
outcomes in public services: the case of policing and criminal justice. International Public
Management Journal, 23(2), pp.205-223.
Thompson, R.J., 2020. Re-Emergence of the Commons in Contemporary Society. In Proleptic
Leadership on the Commons: Ushering in a New Global Order. Emerald Publishing Limited.
Özbilgin, M.F. and Erbil, C., 2021. Social movements and wellbeing in organizations from
multilevel and intersectional perspectives: The case of the# blacklivesmatter movement. The
SAGE handbook of organisational wellbeing.
Giorgi, S., Guntuku, S.C., Rahman, M., Himelein-Wachowiak, M., Kwarteng, A. and Curtis, B.,
2020. Twitter corpus of the# blacklivesmatter movement and counter protests: 2013 to
2020. arXiv preprint arXiv:2009.00596.
Bennett, B., Ravulo, J.J., Ife, J. and Gates, T.G., 2021. Making# blacklivesmatter in universities:
a viewpoint on social policy education. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy.
Holt, L.F. and Sweitzer, M.D., 2020. More than a black and white issue: ethnic identity, social
dominance orientation, and support for the black lives matter movement. Self and Identity, 19(1),
pp.16-31.
Umamaheswar, J., 2020. Policing and Racial (In) Justice in the Media: Newspaper Portrayals of
the “Black Lives Matter” Movement. Civic Sociology, 1(1).
Online
Black live matter.2020.[Online]Available
through:https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2020/10/15/23-of-users-in-us-say-social-media-
led-them-to-change-views-on-issue-some-cite-black-lives-matter/
What is Uk’s total spending.(2021). [Online]Available through:https://ww
w.ukpublicspending.co.uk/current_spending
Sourcesoffunding.(2018).[Online]Available
through:https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/finance/sources-of-funding/