Analysis of Emergency Incident Management by Public Services - Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of how public services manage emergency incidents. It begins with an introduction to emergency incidents and focuses on the Metropolitan Police Service in the UK. The report details the principles of effective emergency incident response, including multi-agency coordination, command structures (Gold, Silver, Bronze), and the importance of preparedness, mitigation, response, and recovery. It then explores the recovery stage, covering rebuilding, restoration, rehabilitation, and the various categories of recovery (humanitarian, economic, infrastructure, environmental). The report also examines the role of the Recovery Coordinating Group (RCG) and local authorities. Furthermore, it emphasizes the need for debriefs and reviews to inform future planning, analyzing incidents, training staff, and achieving goals. Examples of emergency incidents, such as the Grenfell Tower fire, Parsons Green terrorist attack, and Hurricane Irma, are discussed to illustrate real-world applications. Finally, the report investigates the role of public services as coordinators, responders, and providers of support in real-life situations.

How emergency incidents
are managed by the public
services

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
P5 Principles of effective emergency incident response ............................................................1
P6 Recovery stage following an emergency incident.................................................................2
M3 Need for debriefs and reviewing to inform future planning and responding.......................4
P7 examples of emergency incidents based on UK or international...........................................5
M4 Investigate role of public services in real life situation........................................................5
D2Evaluating a particular real-world emergency incident,........................................................6
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Emergency incidents includes emergencies like earthquake, volcano, explosions, medical
emergencies , bomb attacks etc. The present study is done on Metropolitan police service of UK,
that is responsible for enforcement of law in Metropolitan police district which has 43000 of
employees in its organisation , it also manages terrorist attacks and a breif discussion is done on
recovery of those natural disasters and terrorists attacks or incidents like UK floods, Shoreham
air show plane crash ,Parsons Green terrorist attack, Grenfell Tower fire, by public service
organisation etc.In addition to this future plans and role of public service organisation is also
discussed ,also a briefing is done on real life incident(Bach and Bordogna, 2016).
P5 Principles of effective emergency incident response
Following are the principles of effective emergency incident response-
 Multi-agency response: This principle states that there should be coordination between
two or more agency if disaster happen at large scale generally it is done between civillian
and military agencies so that immediate response can be given to the disasters, also the
aim of multi agency coordination is to organise all the resources damaged at the time of
incidents. There are many functions performed by multi agency coordination system like
prioritization, allocation of resources that are critical , supporting ancilliary activities
related to incidents, coordinating with officials that are appointed for the incident and
coordinating with information required at the time of emergency(Bach and Bordogna,
2016).
 Single agency: gold, silver, bronze -There are many incidents which only requires
single agency to response like Metropolitan Police Service , in UK there is a hierarchy
used to operate emergency service that is Gold, Silver and Bronze the other economists
and practitionors also called it as strategic, tactical and operational structure which is the
chain of command , though it does not require to follow from top to bottom. Here the
gold commander is the controller of all the resources present at incident , on the other
hand silver commander also known as tactical commander follows the direction given by
gold commander,duty of silver commander is to implement task given by gold
commander and set the direction for bronze commander, further bronze commander are
directly in contact with resources at incident , it will work with its members at the
destination(Pollitt, Birchall and Putman, 2016).
1

 Command, control, coordination-It is an another principle where Organization like
Metropolitan Police Service need to command , control and coordination its staff and
members , for carry out large scale rescue operation, it is important to have heads or
leader to command regarding resource needed to recover damages happened at the scene
and need of resources at the end of the scene. On the other hand there should be
coordination between different organisation or members that come across to solve the
case thus coordination helps to achieve objective of command and control. Here control
means critically examine that the work done by staff is as per the command or not(Bach
and Bordogna, 2016).
 Preparedness-This principle states that preparedness of all the activities and plans are
necessary for incidents as it can happen any time so for the purpose of preparedness
agencies like Metropolitan Police Service should train its staff in advance regarding
effects, results and consequences of disasters or other incidents, there should be a proper
emergency system that get alert immediately at the time of happening of events.
 Mitigation-The another principle is mitigation that means an effort to reduce damages or
seriousness , so Metropolitan Police Service should conduct mitigation risk
assessment that helps in identify the most severe risk that can be arises at the time of
incident(Pollitt, Birchall and Putman, 2016).
 Response and recovery - It means response towards the incidents, a rescue team must
response by keeping in mind safety and security of people on the other hand aim of
recovery is to get the affected locality and areas of disasters back to the normal condition.
P6 Recovery stage following an emergency incident.
Rebuilding, restoring and rehabilitating- It means protecting human beings , animals
and living things that has been suffered from natural disasters or getting all the things at its
previous place. For rebuilding, restoring and rehabilitation of resources damaged under disaster,
a procedure is followed by Metropolitan Police Service which is as follows – first step is to
obtain authority that is responsible for disasters then appoint team members,second step is to
provide proper training regarding safety and health then prepare a plan to restore and rebuild the
affected places also highlight the major points that should be taken into consideration while
implementing the plan , next step is to arrange dry and clean locations for undamaged materials
2

also arrange contracts with restoration companies in advance for recovery of resources(Pollitt,
Birchall and Putman, 2016).
Categories of recovery- there are many categories of recovery of incidents like
humanitarian (plus health), economic, infrastructure, environmental, as disasters does not only
affect human but it disturbs infrastructure, ecology that ultimately affect the economy of the
country. At the time of incidents Economy get affected by decrease in national income ,
infrastructure like buildings, transportation , roads get damaged , it also affect animals and plants
that affects ecology.
Cost: financial and resources- at the time of recovery of incident huge finance is
needed, this finance can be given by any voluntary organisation or by donation from social
organisation or local public or by wealthy people . There are also huge resources required to
recover incidents that can be donated by big personalities or rich people or by restoration
companies etc(Dobel, 2016).
Recovery Co-ordinating Group (RCG)- there are some organisations which focuses on
ensuring that it will be able to achieve recovery of the damages ,These kind of groups helps in
encouraging recovery process, , provides strategic approach to manage coordinate recovery
effort , in addition to this recovery coordinating groups helps to identify , coordinate, and deliver
recovery assistance, teams under these groups helps impacted communities so that they can
increase their ability to rebuild and recover damages caused by disasters that can be happen in
future(Dobel, 2016).
Agencies: local authority (lead), supported by other local partners via the Local
Resilience Forum (LRF)- There are some local authorities that helps in maintaining public
awareness and arrangements to warn, inform and advise the public. These forums and local
authorities also helps in providing assistance to Metropolitan Police service.
Laws and rules – There are several acts passed by government to protect people from
incidents and helping in recovery like Civil Contingencies Act 2004 which defines obligation of
organisations to prepare types of emergency that can occur , provides additional to government
to manage incidents occur at large scale and provide ancillary services to organisations as well
as government to save life of peoples in incidents.(Keane, 2018).
3

M3 Need for debriefs and reviewing to inform future planning and responding
Debriefing is a kind of report of planning that contain information about a particular
case which is an essential part of planning and responding as it provide guidelines regarding
directions that other members has to follow. Debriefing can be of many types like Hot
debriefing, that occur immediately after incidents it is important if there are health and safety
issue, for critical incidents there will be a facilitator that response towards incidents , it will give
comments that should be written down in debrief according to that every staff member have to
perform also key points are recorded in tape recorder(Keane, 2018). Another kind of debrief is
single agency debrief it is the self explanatory debrief also there is internal debrief that is
prepared when incident affect internal organisation like staff members , employees etc, other
than that there is a multi agency debrief that occur or prepared after the happening of
event .Apart from this there is a formal brief in which contain formal process that has been
prepared by the organisation itself .In addition to this there is a cold debrief , that is similar to
formal debrief and it is an opportunity to review the incident after all the facts are available and
is the final debrief report.
Need for debrief and review
To prepare a mission-as purpose of debriefing is to highlight key points that should be kept in
mind while managing incidents ,it contain guidelines like things that should be done by staff
members , implementation of process, and controlling procedure . On the other hand reviewing is
formal assessment to identify gaps between objective set for incident recovery and results and
taking action to reduce the gap(Keane, 2018).
To analyse possible incidents-
Debriefing and reviewing also helps in analysing events that can occur in future through brief
studies and research , and evaluate them to prepare its staff in advance. For analysing possible
incidents there is a process which start from collection of data and information from disaster
agency regarding climate and events that has been recently happened , after collecting data
Metropolitan Police Service evaluate the data and point out key points then finally analyse is
done by analysts.(Perry and Vandenabeele, 2015).
To train staff and members – For creating a good understanding regarding incident training to
employees is necessary, for every new incidents employees and staff should be given training ,
4

so debriefing helps to provide guidelines to staff of Metropolitan Police Service like things that
can be improved , aspects that are beyond the contols, and other factors that affects incident.
To Helps in reaching goals- every mission is prepared to achieve desired goals , here the goal is
recovery of disasters , for achieving these goals there should be a written document that can
assist all the staff members to achieve its goals efficiently and effectively(Perry and
Vandenabeele, 2015).
Helps associated organisations-Debriefing also helps other organisations and members to take
action towards incident happen, which makes their process of recovery more easy and effective .
P7 examples of emergency incidents based on UK or international
Grenfell Tower fire- There was Fire broke out in Grenfall tower that is a 24 storey
building in London , 72 people were dead and other were wounded , which was managed by
Kensington and Chelsa Talent Management organisation (Perry and Vandenabeele, 2015).
Parsons Green terrorist attack, UK floods- On 15 September 2017 there was an
explosion on a tube train in London station , from which 35 people get injured , was managed by
Metropolitan Police Service. Government and other emergency services also respond towards the
matter and engaged in investigation .
Hurricane Irma and Maria 2017- On august 30 2017 Hurricane Irma was occurred
very powerful Hurricane, where Irma was the first category 5 hurricane that strikes the Leeward
island on record followed by maria after couple of days and was second powerful hurricane after
Maria. It has major impact on business and also caused shortage of electricity , the whole
communication system was disturbed , there were also damages related to agriculture, also it has
damaged buildings, roads , mobile phone coverage , internet access etc., also plant and trees
were destroyed. Florida government had prepared itself with the rescue team.(Esteve and
et.al.,2016).
Paris terror attacks (2015, 2017)-A terror attack happened in Paris which killed 130
people , there were three suicide bombers that exploded and was managed by London police .On
15 november the french airforce launched airstrike against terrorists(Esteve and et.al.,2016).
M4 Investigate role of public services in real life situation
Following are the roles of public service organisation-
5

coordinator-public services acts as coordinator between the teams , members and
organisation to ensure that plan has been properly implemented or not and helps in saving life of
people and protect other resources. Investigator- Public services also play impo\rtant role in
investigating about things related to incident , for this purpose it can appoint a team of expert that
can analyse whole matter and provide an effective result. Protector , a public service is mainly
formed to protect and save life of people around it , it is not only role bt the duty of public
service organisations to help public from hazardous natural disasters. Facilitator – Public
service facilitate coordination between lower level and upper level authorities that are indulge in
emergency incidents . Planner- It plans all the activities that has to be carried out in the process
of managing emergency incidents. Public services prepare plan by taking into consideration past
records of incidents(Keane, 2018). Decision maker- public service also acts as a decision maker
for the purpose of incidents, as it delegates its authority to other members associated with the
group but the final decision is taken only by public service organisation(Bailey, 2018). Analyst ,
a public service organisation act as an analysts ,as it analyse all the things and resources
associated with incident and find the best solution of emergency incident. Manager , public
service organisation manages whole emergency incident because it is the only higher authority
which is reponsible for planning, organising and commanding the whole process .Process
owner , public service owns the process of recovery of disasters and other incidents , it is also
engaged in process designing and process improvement and accountable for overall process
efficiently(Esteve and et.al.,2016).
D2Evaluating a particular real-world emergency incident,.
On evening of July 14 , 2016 a Cargo truck was driven by terrorists into the crowd of
people, 86 people were dead and 458 were injured , it was happened just after displaying of fire
attack on Bastille day . French government consulted prime minister for the meeting of interior
ministry regarding emergency . Cazen euve initiated ORSEC plan ( a French plan) for disasters
and French public Ministry was responsible for defending French society regarding terrorist
attack. Apart from that there were 29 countries expressed condolence towards affected families
and immidiately after attack people use social media to help finding shelter , using hashtags.It
has many after effects , on culture , tourism and financial market, that leads to reduction in
economic growth of the country(Bailey, 2018).
6

CONCLUSION
From the above study it can be concluded that company prepare himself from protecting their
employees in emerging natural calamities so that they can provide safety norm to protect them
and also encouraging them to carry the safety kits so that they can take care for themselves.
Present report is based on Metropolitan Police service as they carry the variety of precaution
accessories to face the emergency which may occur at any time or due to changes in
environment.
It also describes as the various role of public services to investigate and inspect the incidents
which happens in the real world. As due to changes in environment company faces lot of issue
relating to non availability of food, raw material, clean water and fresh air which reflect the daily
routine of the person and affects their earning for lively-hood. The major incidents also reflect
the country working and dealing the product and services with other countries also affect due to
incidents happens co incidentally or due to natural calamities(Bailey, S.K., 2018).
7

REFERENCES
Books and Journal
Bach, S. and Bordogna, L. eds., 2016. Public service management and employment relations in
Europe: Emerging from the crisis. Routledge.
Ethics and the public service. In Classics of Administrative Ethics (pp. 63-78). Routledge.
Bozeman, B. and Su, X., 2015. Public service motivation concepts and theory: A critique. Public
Administration Review.75(5). pp.700-710.
Denhardt, J.V. and Denhardt, R.B., 2015. The new public service: Serving, not steering.
Routledge.
Dobel, J.P., 2016. Integrity in the public service. Dobel, JP (1990). Integrity in the Public
Service. Public Administration Review. 50(3). pp.354-66.
Esteve, M. and et.al.,2016. Prosocial behavior and public service motivation. Public
Administration Review.76(1).pp.177-187.
Keane, J., 2018. Structural transformations of the public sphere. In The Media, Journalism and
Democracy (pp. 53-74). Routledge.
MScannell, P., 2018. Public service broadcasting and modern public life. In The Media,
Journalism and Democracy (pp. 75-106). Routledge.cLean, J.E. ed., 2017. Public Service
and University Education (Vol. 4987). Princeton University Press.
Perry, J.L. and Vandenabeele, W., 2015. Public service motivation research: Achievements,
challenges, and future directions. Public Administration Review.75(5).pp.692-699.
Pollitt, C., Birchall, J. and Putman, K., 2016. Decentralising public service management.
Macmillan International Higher Education.
8