David Game College: Public Services, Policing & Public Confidence

This report provides an in-depth analysis of public services in contemporary society, focusing on the evolution of policing strategies and the impact of the Black Lives Matter movement on public confidence in the UK. It examines the historical struggle of police services to establish policing by consent, particularly in light of events such as the 2009 G-20 summit protest and the death of Ian Tomlinson. The report assesses the police response to Black Lives Matter protests in 2020, evaluating the impact on public trust and the accusations of institutional racism. Furthermore, the structure of the police force is analyzed, with a specific emphasis on accountability mechanisms and funding sources. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and their implications for the future of public services and policing in the UK. Desklib is a platform where students can find similar solved assignments and study tools.

Unit 4: Public Services in
Contemporary Society

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Examination of struggle of police service struggle to conquer policing by consent in 1829..........3
Conducting research on small scale as well as using content analysis as approach of
methodology, assessment of police response for Black Lives Matter protests within UK in 2020
as well as impact of this on confidence of people...........................................................................4
Assessing structure of police with particular emphasis on accountability......................................7
Analyse sources of funding for the organisation ............................................................................9
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Public services are defined as the aspect in which appropriate assistance and guidance can
be provided to mass people. Public services are held responsible for providing such scope and
and development so that in social domain in which fair and equivalent opportunities to people.
The major significance of public service is to provide assistance to people so that quality
standard can be given to individual pertaining to equal amenities to everyone. The report is
highlighting over development of public services within a period of time (Savas, 2019). Besides
this a research has also been enumerated in respect of 'The quest for public confidence so that to
draw appropriate knowledge regarding the case of Black lives Matter in which reflection is
drawn in respect of impact received on this movement. The report is mentioning regarding the
structure of police and the manner in which accountability and responsibilities are required to be
taken by them. Besides this there are various methods of funding that can be used within private
sector and such methods of funding are also included under this report.
The report is associated with providing investigation with police service so that to realise
policing by consent and analysing reactions within Black Lives Matter. On the other hand this
report is documenting policing by consent in not Woke as this is related with fundamental
democracy of the society. The report is further highlighting structure concerned with police and
its accountability and implication within police strictness. Under this report three articles related
with black lives matter and the report is examining policing activities within the movement.
Examination of struggle of police service struggle to conquer policing by
consent in 1829
Public services are associated with such services those are providing government services
and providing justifications related with public sector and financial provisions. Fire brigade,
police are the major example of public services as these are governing bodies and have long
offered main public services. In nineteenth century, public services were involved in Municipal
development within essential services and in the year of 1822 the same idea was taken by
policing experts along with complying Metropolitan Police Act (Canel and Luoma-aho, 2018).
As accordance with government of UK policing is referred as power of police and the same is
realised from consent of public and power of estate. In traditional time police services within UK
is having policing public command in which various challenges are being faced within this

approach for policing by consent. During the year of 2009 death of Lan Tomlinson G-20 summit
protest a debate relating to UK associations in which independence is given to independent
police complains commission. Chief inspector of Constabulary responded to the same issue with
his 150 page report in which he aimed to restore consent based model within Britain. After this
policing by consent remained within central consideration in UK and on various situations
legislations were imposed. Policing by consent is lawfulness of police department so that they
can keep an eye over pubic and acquire general consensus in order to seek usage of minimum
force. As according to policing by consent is not Woke which is regarded as fundamental aspect
within independent society and this is assessed by rising crime within society. Under this nine
point summary instructions were given which was preventing various crimes and other disorders.
Under this seven principles are emphasised over public requirement and in this manner mission
of public welfare can be executed in appropriate manner (DeGraff, 2019). This can be stated that
centre of policing by consent within public is as accordance with developing society and
exercising peace within community. On the other hand justice is the other policing which helps
in developing counter productive dimensions and could lead in demonstrating different disorder
statistics.
Conducting research on small scale as well as using content analysis as
approach of methodology, assessment of police response for Black Lives
Matter protests within UK in 2020 as well as impact of this on confidence
of people
Police service is performing various activities so that to develop different situations in such
a manner that various activities such as protest can be executed by minimal social losses. In the
context of black lives matter there were certain standards which were employed by police and
the same led into developing of violent behaviour. For black lives matter movement in UK police
responded within predictable behaviour and pattern (Filbin, 2021). Under this any person doing
violent behaviour faced jail of 24 hours and for this they are treating these issues in fair and
operated manner.
Step 2 is related with announcement of longer prison to someone those have given higher
damages and could lead into developing war memorials. Under this 10years jail sentences has

been given. On the other hand as Black lives matter is one of the global concern which is
associated with this sentence and helps in providing supportive behaviour to accused people.
Using these steps negative impact was drawn over public confidence and so that police
force rejected several charges of racism and they criticised sharing of videos and pictures.
Besides this, these measures shown their impact over changing of policing practices as in
direction to Black communities police department within UK brushed aside various penalties
thorough which various disproportionate stops has been seen within police (Updegrove, A.H.
and et. al., 2020). The protest failed in receiving spotlight due to which gulf within police has
been increased and widely seen within present era.
Police services plays an integral role while managing and handling the protest of Black
Lives Matter. They took certain precautions and standards for managing the protest in order to
reduce the level of violence. The police services has responded on Black Live Matter protest in
UK through certain patterns (Gumede, Byamukama and Dakora, 2019). The first pattern is to
outbreak of headlines auspicious that creates violence fails jail within 24 hours. In second step
includes the low value criminal damage of war memorials will get punished severely. The Black
live protest was institutionally racist where police services has uncovered evidence of excessive
use of forces, racial discrimination and failures in duty of care. In COVID 19, George Floyd's
murder has created an anti-racism demonstration across the World. The Black led protest usually
faced excessive interventions by police services by identifying significant areas of concerns
which involves excessive use of force and disproportionate targeting of Black protestors with
horse charges, violent arrests, baton charges and pepper spray. The police also neglect of Black
Lives Matter protestors experiencing violence with examples of seriously injured protestor being
searched rather than ignored and supported. The Black people face arrest, use of stop, excessive
force and search power during demonstrations by maintaining proper social distancing. In Black
Live Matter, Global network foundations has adopted flat structure with highly expertise
professionals among leadership. The other incident happen in UK was What Matters 2020, it was
occurred in Georgia for US elections. The incident targets issues criminal justice reforms,
government corruptions, environmental conditions, racial injustice and many more.
Emergency incident is a situation which causes loss of life, property damage, health
detriments and environmental change. These type of incidents generally threaten public safety,

welfare and health. The emergency incidents generally poses an immediate risk to life,
environment, health and property.
Government usually offers public services in order to protect the vulnerable, improve
quality of life and extend opportunities. Public services is important for economic development
and prosperity (Hinderliter and Peraza, 2021). Public servant usually performs the public service,
they get hired by member of government in order to perform the public duties and serve the
population. The few examples of public services are fire brigade, air force, police, health
services, education, electricity suppliers and many others. Public services generally includes
public goods and services which is provided to Market. It includes the output that can not be
easily measured in terms of specific attributes and quality. In order to perform public service a
high level of training and education is required. Public services also attract people who wish to
do something for the society and community by their work. In UK, the process of addressing the
needs of people of particular area and later securing and designing the appropriate public
services for fulling the needs is known as commissioning. The Commissioned services is usually
delivered by organisations in private, public and third sector. History of public services is that it
is provided by governing bodies and keep the citizens secure by organised military defence
dates. In ancient history, public services includes general favour of gods by ceremonially and
theologically correct state religion. The public services in developed country began in nineteenth
century with municipal development of water and gas services. But later, the other services is
provided by government such as healthcare and electricity. In UK, open public services
programme is organised by government in order to ensure everyone get access to the bets
possible public services. The main aim of open public service programme is increasing choice
and giving control to society over the services they use and also allows local decision making or
decentralised the power to lowest appropriate level.
Government of UK has open up public service provision to range of providers and make
them accountable to taxpayers and users. The vision of open services is to increase the choice by
providing people direct control over the services they use (Klein Teeselink and Melios, 2021).
There are various examples of emergency incident that are UK based such as ferry sinking,
aircraft fire, storm, radiation, terrorist bombing, oil pollution, flood, UK fuel Blockade crisis,
avian influenza, London bombings and various other events that created a huge impact on UK.
The UK Fuel Blockade Crisis was happened in 2000 due to rising cost of petrol and diesel. The

London Bombings attack in 2005 was on London public transport system during rush hours
where more than 700 people were injured and 52 people were killed. Avian Influenza is another
emergency incident on which UK government has taken immediate preventive actions in order to
reduce the risk of H5 and H7 virus. The emergency management of UK was developed by after
World War 2. The Country was facing a risk of nuclear attack which led to Civil Defence Act of
1948, the main aim of reduce the possibility civilian casualties during cold war (Latimore, 2021).
In 2020, government played vital role on Black Live Matter protest across UK. The main
purpose is to bring all the people in front and eliminates the narrow nationalism.
Assessing structure of police with particular emphasis on accountability
Operational structure is referred as logical addition to chronological structure in relation
to any kind of operations of individual's sequence and also events within the procedures. It helps
companies to achieve its goals and encourage human resources and employees for performing
effectively and efficiently. In relation to Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation,
hierarchical structure is considered which clearly follows the commands in sequence that is from
top to bottom about different activities, aspects and operations. Basically, in this hierarchy senior
management is responsible for making all type of critical decisions and then these decisions are
passed by the assistance of subsidiary management level. By considering the operational
structure responsibilities, authorities and power are clearly described as it clearly shows that
workforce is well informed about informing information about different projects (McIlwain,
2019). This ultimately encourages employees to have clear developmental opportunities and it
also assists in forming mutual friendship and trust among employees in the same department.
Under the Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, people perform different
distinct public services that need employees particular knowledge and skills. The public sector
organisations follow hierarchal sector in which leaders perform at top management for
supervising small group of employees. With the assistance of this particular operational
structure, the Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation performs as fundraising body,
grant forming entity and action taking entity in favour of the movements of people. Every person
is boost up to carry out operations by considering particular chain of command and addresses
and informs the different concerns to immediate superior authority (Szetela, 2020). This helps in
taking forward activities in particular, systematic and proper manner. The term accountability is
known as one of the important factors of effective and efficient government. This term simply

works in legal manner as it reports different strategies, actions, procedures and frameworks that
help in making sure that assigned work is done in defined directions and planning. In relation to
Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, they are accountable for their actions and
directions at operational together by different principles of accountability. Some of the principles
of accountability include:
Fairness: This is the principle that focuses on working in an unbiased manner as it
follows equitable way. For different directions and actions for strategic and operations. The
Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation is accountable to act fairly, by open mind and
independently while looking at all the accumulated information without any delay (Miyamoto,
2021). In respect of cases such as Black Lives Matter Protests, Black Lives Matter Global
Network Foundation is accountable for taking certain actions and directions so that they could
act fairly towards the public of United Kingdom.
Integrity: It is appropriate to exercise power in particular manner which is appropriate to
the purposes, duties, values and also ethics about the power entrusted among people and
organisations(Savas, 2019). In relation to Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation,
accountability for actions and directions is held by forming choices to commit honestly for
operations and strategies prior facing selection among wrong and right.
Trust: It is common to understand that the things what is said is completing. The time
when public service organisation like Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation Act
transparently and fairly and it also integrates actions and directions. This makes clear among
general public that what are the things that could be expected from public services. With this
business becomes accountable towards their routine and that ultimately impacts level of trust in
services undertaken by general public.
Transparency: An effective working of public services always require transparency
because it facilitates in strengthening accountability for better governance. It is about how open
company is while performing operations and activities. It is related to remain open about the
ways, practices and locations. In this Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation,
transparency assists in making the companies more accountable for responding towards requests
from general public. In the events such as protests, the public service is accountable for direction,
operations and workings strategically and operationally by being transparent.

Analyse sources of funding for the organisation
Funds refers to the pool of money that is needed for managing and carrying out different
practices of business. In simpler words, it is defined as particular amount of money that is kept
aside for specific purposes. In respect of public services, sources of funds are very significant
way for making and arranging use of different financial resources (Nutley, Halligan and Aulich,
2020). In Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation, sources of funding play very
significant role in financing a requirement or project. There are various methods of funding that
can be used by public sector so that to accumulate funds and to execute operations in effective
manner. The major method used within public sector is associated with capitalizing in which
requisite funds can be gathered using government assistance. Government is providing
appropriate financial support to different organisation so that they can work in public sector with
optimal growth opportunities and development as well. Besides this taxes are the other source
used by government so that to to facilitate financial assistance within private sector. Equity
financing is the another option that can be used by public sector in order to get sufficient funding
(Latimore, 2021). Under this method the institution may issue share of their organisation in lieu
of exchanging of capital of their investors. This is one of the prominent method used by public
sector in which the organisation will get capital and in this manner significant lead to the
business can be provided (Riddle, 2019). This can be said that in public sector type of funding
adopted so that to gather significant structure, scale and other functioning. In the context of
Black lives matter, the movement is taking whole of their funding from The Democracy
Alliance. Besides this constant support in regard to donation has received by the movement in
order to get succession over the movement.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion this can be analysed that various public movements those were
initiated in order to handle various situations in optimal manner. The need for developing and
controlling various movements so that to perform management. Black lives matter is one of the
significant aspect in which essential rights can be executed. There are several sources of funding
which can be used by public sectors such as grants, donations, investment income, crowdfunding
and many more. Operational structure is one of the symbolic illustration of various events which
are completed within absolute timelines.

REFERENCES
books and journals
Canel, M.J. and Luoma-aho, V., 2018. Public sector communication: Closing gaps between
citizens and public organizations. John Wiley & Sons.
DeGraff, M., 2019. Black Lives Matter: John Rickford v. Creole Exceptionalism. In The
Routledge Companion to the Work of John R. Rickford (pp. 484-485). Routledge.
Filbin, D.N., 2021. Discovering How Black Lives Matter: Embracing Student Voice in the Art
Room. Art Education. 74(1). pp.19-25.
Gumede, N., Byamukama, J. and Dakora, E., 2019. Contemporary perspectives on fiscal
decentralisation and new local government in South Africa. Ghana Journal of
Development Studies, 16(2), pp.52-69.
Hinderliter, B. and Peraza, S. eds., 2021. More Than Our Pain: Affect and Emotion in the Era of
Black Lives Matter. SUNY Press.
Klein Teeselink, B. and Melios, G., 2021. Weather to Protest: The Effect of Black Lives Matter
Protests on the 2020 Presidential Election. Available at SSRN 3809877.
Latimore, S.L., 2021. The Impact of Black Lives Matter 2020 on Television Coverage of Race
and Race Relations in the US (Doctoral dissertation, Drexel University).
McIlwain, C.D., 2019. Black software: The internet and racial justice, from the Afronet to Black
lives matter. Oxford University Press, USA.
Miyamoto, N., 2021. 35. Black Lives Matter. In Not Yo'Butterfly (pp. 280-286). University of
California Press.
Nutley, S., Halligan, J. and Aulich, C. eds., 2020. Australian handbook of public sector
management. Routledge.
Riddle, A.M., 2019. The Responsibility of an Artist: Black Contemporary Music and
Empowerment in the Age of Black Lives Matter.
Savas, E.S., 2019. Alternatives for delivering public services: Toward improved performance.
Routledge.
Szetela, A., 2020. Black Lives Matter at five: Limits and possibilities. Ethnic and Racial Studies.
43(8). pp.1358-1383.
Updegrove, A.H. and et. al., 2020. Red states and Black lives: Applying the racial threat
hypothesis to the Black Lives Matter movement. Justice Quarterly. 37(1). pp.85-108.
Online
Greener B., 2021. Policing by consent is not ‘woke’ — it is fundamental to a democratic society.
[Online] Available through: <https://theconversation.com/policing-by-consent-is-not-
woke-it-is-fundamental-to-a-democratic-society-155866>./
Francis P., 2021. Black Lives Matter: how the UK movement struggled to be heard in the 2010s.
[Online] Available through: <https://theconversation.com/black-lives-matter-how-the-
uk-movement-struggled-to-be-heard-in-the-2010s-161763>./

Francis P., 2021. Black Lives Matter in the UK: 'We're still not being heard'. [Online] Available
through: <https://www.bbc.com/news/newsbeat-53812576>./