Public Services in Contemporary Society: Unit 4 Report

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Unit 4. Public Services in Contemporary
Society
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Table of Contents
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
LO1...................................................................................................................................................4
Investigate the development of public services..................................................................................4
LO2...................................................................................................................................................6
Examine accountability and responsibility structures within contemporary public services
organizations.....................................................................................................................................6
LO3....................................................................................................................................................9
Analyze the types of funding sources and the allocation of funds to the public sector.....................9
LO4..................................................................................................................................................11
Review the strategy, structure, and role of the public sector..........................................................11
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................13
Bibliography........................................................................................................................................14

Introduction
The report discusses the methodologies and techniques which are used to use the methods of
digitalisation in public service organisations. The report describes the use of the digital
methods in public service organisations to increase the efficiency, storage and working of the
public organisations. The public organisation deals with public relations and is recognised as
a great place to find opportunities to serve the country. The report also focuses on the skills
and special requirements which are required by the public service organisations to improve
the working of the public system. The organisations work for the betterment of the public
living in the area. The public service organisations deal with the working that deals with soft
skills like communication, empathy, communication, etc. These skills work to improve the
working of public organisations. Some public organisations are also taken into account in the
report to determine the implementation techniques and their effects on public organisations.
The relations between the effects of public and private organisations on the individuals are
also discussed in the research (Allen and Bull 2018). The research also includes the factors that
include the skills that are specially required in the public sector organisations to improve the
quality working of these organisations. Public sector organisations are managed through the
policies of the government and are also managed by the government to ensure that the
working is in favour of the government. The research states the working, infrastructure, and
framework of the public sector organisation which uses the digital methodologies and
techniques to perform the working for the organisation.

LO1
Investigate the development of public services
P1
Public services are defined as the services which are provided by the government to the
people of its jurisdiction. These services are provided through the direct postings (through the
public sector) or it can be provided through the financing provisions of the services. These
services focus more on the social causes other than the private sectors, which focus on the
money and generating revenue for the organisation (Bason 2018). These services work for the
betterment of the people living in their jurisdiction. Digitalisation has improved the working
of the framework and enhanced the effectiveness of digitalisation in the public sector. The
positions for these services are hired through digital manner because of the influence of
digitalisation. The policies and the entrances for these services are now posted online and are
open to all who are eligible for working in the public sector. These services include fire
brigade, military, police, Special Forces, etc. which improves the life of the individual living
and residing in the government's jurisdiction. These services are divided into different sectors
through digitalisation to ease the selections of the candidates for the services. The services
include working in courts, healthcare, military, secret service, and many others. There is a
massive improvement in this sector because of the digitalization of these services. The
services deal with managing the public administration in the modern democracies. The
selection processes of these public sector services differentiate between the individuals and
determine the best for the service, which includes special skills required by the public sector
service. The public sector also consists of the non-profitable agencies which help the local
community to deal with the day to day stress problems. The public services have changed and
improved drastically in near years due to the improvement in the techniques that are used to

select the eligible candidates for the service. The selection criteria are a major factor that has
bought a major improvement in the public sector organization.
P2
There is a various organisation which works in the public sector to improve the public
administration of the government jurisdiction. The MI5 organisation is a British security
service which deals with the security of the British services. It is one of the most efficient
working security organisations which are currently performing in the British government.
This organisation works as a font and also secretly to ensure the security of the country.
Digitalisation has created a major impact on the organisation in terms of storage of the files
and data. The organisations used to store the gained information in the file system, and digital
technology has improved the methods drastically (D’Arma 2018). MI5 has the major task to
gather the intelligence to perform various tasks which deal to improve the flow of work in the
jurisdiction. The institution has also improved the methodologies to determine the evidence
and disclosures for the cases that deal with in the interest of the public or a particular
community. MI5 is a dependent organisation for the British government to gain the
information and evidence for the tasks which are performed in favor of the country and its
people. Also, the institution uses various digitised techniques to improve its working and
match up with other security services which deal with the internal security of a particular
jurisdiction of the government.
M1
The contemporary practices in the public administrative organisations are taken into account,
and the digital techniques are also implemented on the public administrative organisations.
The contemporary practices in the organisation depend on the information technology that is
defined for the organisations (Garland et al. 2018). The contemporary practices used in public

organisation's deals within the tradition of historical practices. These practices also follow the
historical practices to differentiate in the working of the systems of the organisations. The
contemporary practice helps in both private and public sector organisations but is more useful
to the public organisations which deal with the improvements for the people living in the
governmental jurisdiction. The contemporary practices (in respect to the historical practices)
improve the performance of the system. It also helps in improving the economic
performance, innovation and information resource management techniques which helps the
system to improve the organisational functionality. The public sector organisations support
the critical execution of the missions and functions through the contemporary practices which
sit under the historical practices which are already being performed in the organisational
system from a very long time.

LO2
Examine accountability and responsibility structures within contemporary public
services organisations
P3
The organisations in public sector have a proper structure to be followed to initiate the task
that is needed to be fulfilled to increase the efficiency of the employee as well as it increases
the motivation of the employee to work for that organisation. The MI5 has a different
operational structure to be followed as it is a security service which deals with the internal
matters of the country. The reports initiated are to be shown to the head of the organisation,
who is the director general of the MI5 (Gill-McLure 2018). The statutory authority of the
institution is given to the home secretary who has the power to initiate or end any task of
MI5. The Director General of the institution is supported by the deputy director general and
director of general capabilities which determine the importance and urgency of the tasks
which needs to be completed by the agents of MI5. As a civil service institution, MI5 has to
support every individual who comes under the jurisdiction of the institution. The Director
General of the organisation is responsible and accountable for every action that takes place in
the institution in from of the home secretary. All the information gained by the institution is
distributed and stored at the headquarters of the institution. The employees in the institution
are bounded by the Official Secrets Act, which prevents the flow of information outside the
institution. If the employee, in any circumstances, carries out the information will be
considered as a criminal within the jurisdiction of the institution. The public sector
organisations have a proper work structure for the flow of information which transfers the
information from the low level to high level of the institution.
P4

The public sector is considered as more responsible and accountable for the actions taken for
the people living in the area. The private sector has no relation to the profit-making of the
people living in the jurisdiction of the government. The public sector is held accountable for
its action as it has more impact on their action on the public interest. The strategical and
operational actions performed by the public sector organisation are implemented in the
system after inspecting and observing the surrounding of the people that is it done for. The
actions directly affect the public administration, which comes under the public institution of
that particular jurisdiction (Hjarvard 2018). The operational actions of the public organisation
are held responsible as the actions directly impact the working of the people working in
favour of the government. The strategical actions in public sector organisations are impactful
to the outcome of the system processes that are performed to increase the efficiency of the
public organisation. Various awareness strategies are also available in the public sector to
keep the public informed about the actions taken to overcome the limitations of the public
sector system. The report focuses on the operational and strategical advantages of the actions
that are performed by the public organisation for the welfare of the people. Strategic
management and operational management techniques are also discussed to determine the
increase in the efficiency of public organisations.
M2
The public sector organisation has different responsibilities as the processes in the
organisation takes place. Every step of the organisation has different responsibilities in the
context of the organisation. MI5 is a security service institution which deals with the internal
security issues of the country. The institution has various processes and methods that are
responsible for the people and their working. The MI5 deals with the security responsibilities,
which affects the citizens internally. The structure of the MI5 organisation has
responsibilities in every process. The flow of information in the institution plays a very

important part in determining the accountability of the process, and the structure of the
organisation is responsible for the data to flow for the institution. The force of accountability
on the institutions helps the institution to improve the performance and manage the results
gained by the employees of the institution practising the work for the betterment of the
people living in their jurisdiction. The actions that need to be initiated are suggested by the
home secretary to the MI5. The MI5 is accountable and responsible for all the actions that are
given by the home secretary to be completed. These are in favour of the government and the
people living in their jurisdiction. Accountability and responsibility of the institute help it to
manage the trust of the public administration on their work.
D1
The public service organisations have adapted the digitalisation techniques to improve its
working, but it has some drawbacks that need to overcome. The organisations in the public
sector have left using the file management system for storing the data. The digital techniques
used by the public sector organisation has also increased the risks of data breach and stealing
(Hyndman and McKillop 2018). The data privacy and conservation is the most important factor
for public organisations as it contains the personal data of the people. The breach of these
kinds of data can lead to damage to the system of the organisation. The contemporary
practices have provided a great advantage to the public sector organisation but have also
created an equal amount of complex structure for the people to understand it. As a public
organisation, the data of the organisation can be asked and studied by any individual
(Homberg et al. 2019). Therefore, it is very important to create less complex methods for
studying the structure and working of the public organisation. These contemporary working
of the public organisation systems develop the organisation as well as benefits the people
living in the jurisdiction.

LO3
Analyse the types of funding sources and the allocation of funds to the public sector
P5
There are many sources for funding which are available for the public sector, these include:-
Loan funding- In this type of funding, the loan is provided by the Social investment business
provided loan to the public sector, which helps in providing public services to the public and
the consumers.
Regionally Distributed Central Government Funding-The funds are distributed according to a
region by the central government to help local people and organisations in the public sector.
Local government funding- Local government funding helps in developing the public sector
and helps the public as well.
Lottery funding- In the lottery funding, it is seen that 28 pence is saved and transferred to the
public sector or noble cause for every I euro spend on buying the lottery ticket. This has
helped in saving a wide amount of money for the development of the public sector.
Grant-making trusts-It is seen that the foundation provides approximately 3.9 billion Euros
funds to the noble cause, charities which helps the public (Loader 2018). These funds not
only focuses on the normal sectors but also helps in funding other causes which are not taken
or recognised at a major level.
European funding-This type of funding was provided by the European Union to help
economic and social sector. Most of the funding goes to the food development sector. These

are some different types of funding which are used in the development of the public sector
and also help the public in making and using the funding for many causes.
P6
Funding is based upon a system which is done by a peer review done by the experts. Funding
is divided and allocated so that every sub-sector of the public sector get an equal amount of
money for the development of the specific sector. All this has helped in improving the sectors
according to the public needs and demands. For law enforcement, funding from Grant-
making trust, European funding is used. The majorly focus on maintaining law and order in
the country which comes in the public sector. Specific funding sources are allocated to
specific sub-sector in the public sector and mostly restricted to that particular sector only
(McGann et al. 2019). This has helped in dividing funds according to the requirement of the
sectors. For the refuse collection part, funding from the lottery funds, loan funding is used
because in these funds the amounts are directly invested into this sector to help in the
managing of the refuse collection which is done in the country. And the next and one of the
most public sub-sectors is the primary education, which is the main focus of the country to
enhance and develop. This is done to maintain it with the ongoing technology and techniques
around the globe. For this, the funding is directed from the Regionally Distributed Central
Government Funding and Local government funding. Sometimes funding for making the
primary education better, lottery and Grantmaking trust are also used. This helps in making
the sector better and developed.
M3
Funding is required to make any project do better and more, and more resources can be
utilised. Because of funding, only many resources can be gathered which can be used to help
with the development of different sectors. Funding is taken up from many different resources,

for this even government take part and help in funding different sector, which will help in
making the country grow better (Thomsen. 2018). The public sector of any country is very
important and managing it development is also important for that country. Funding are
allocated in such a manner that the sector or sub-sector which requires most of the funds will
get accordingly. Lottery funding are also taken, many charities are done to help invest or fund
a various project which help the public sector. In the public sector, focuses is on the primary
education, law enforcement and refuse collection. Also, sometimes the healthcare sector and
medical sector comes under the public sector. But these are not the major part of the public
sector, so the main focus always lies on the education and law. Allocating funding for the
specific sector is very important and is very crucial and done very carefully. This is done, so
that the development of the sector is done accordingly. This has helped in making the work
more great and best. Allocation of done, so that no wrong use of funds can be done and it can
benefit the appropriate sector selected for the fund only.
LO4
Review the strategy, structure and role of the public sector
P7
The strategy is used and done in the public sector, to help in organising every activity in the
sector. This has also helped in maintain the funds and any other private or public move done
in these sectors. All this has helped in finding out about the format of how the work needs to
be done and going to happen. A certain structure and strategy need to be followed to give an
excellent outcome by the work done in the public sector. All this has helped in the
maintenance of the sector and taking it to a new level. Public sector roles are very much
important for any country. Organisational work is noted and used to help with the use of