Sociology Report: Analyzing Public Transport in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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AI Summary
This sociology report examines the critical issue of traffic congestion in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, and investigates the potential of public transport as a solution. The report begins with an executive summary, introduction, and rationale for the research, highlighting the significant challenges posed by traffic congestion, including its impact on residents' daily lives, the economy, and the environment. The research delves into the causes of congestion, such as population growth and increased car ownership, and explores various solutions, including the implementation of public transport systems like buses and metros, as well as infrastructure improvements such as traffic islands and park-and-ride systems. The report also reviews existing literature on the subject, examines the research questions, and outlines the methodology to be used, including both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The study aims to analyze how public transport can effectively reduce traffic jumps and congestion, improve air quality, and decrease accident rates. The report also discusses the importance of exclusive lanes for public transport, traffic regulations, and innovative technological applications to improve public transport efficiency. Finally, the report emphasizes the importance of addressing traffic congestion to improve the overall quality of life for residents and reduce the environmental impact of urban transportation.

Sociology
Public Transport
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Public Transport
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Sociology
Executive Summary
Public transport is the transport of passengers where they do not need their own personal car or
vehicles. Most of the public transport allows passengers to travel at the same time. Some of the
common form of public transport comprises of buses and metros.
Pubic jumps and congestion has been an issue in the city of Jeddah. This paper is an empirical
study of the issue of public transport in Jeddah. Some of the issues relating to traffic jumps and
congestion in Jeddah will be examined and the solutions to it provided. The most probable
solution to the issue of traffic jumps and congestion that will be looked at in length in this
research paper is the use of public transport.
Executive Summary
Public transport is the transport of passengers where they do not need their own personal car or
vehicles. Most of the public transport allows passengers to travel at the same time. Some of the
common form of public transport comprises of buses and metros.
Pubic jumps and congestion has been an issue in the city of Jeddah. This paper is an empirical
study of the issue of public transport in Jeddah. Some of the issues relating to traffic jumps and
congestion in Jeddah will be examined and the solutions to it provided. The most probable
solution to the issue of traffic jumps and congestion that will be looked at in length in this
research paper is the use of public transport.

Sociology
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Rationale and Aims of the research 2
Literature Review 3
Research Question and Scope of the Project 4
Methodology 5
Timeline and Capability Development 6
Ethical Issues………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7
References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...8
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Rationale and Aims of the research 2
Literature Review 3
Research Question and Scope of the Project 4
Methodology 5
Timeline and Capability Development 6
Ethical Issues………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………7
References………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...8
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Sociology
Introduction
Jeddah is a city that is well known for its strategic location in the coast of the Red sea in the west
of Saudi Arabia. As a result of the numerous tourists that come in of the country, Jeddah is a city
that experiences so much traffic jumps and congestion. Studies conducted indicate that Jeddah
will spend about $160 million on a series on new tunnels, flyovers as well as bridges to help
reduce the issue of traffic congestion in the city. Public transport is another aspect that can be
employed to help solve the issue of traffic congestion. This research paper examines the issue of
public congestion and how it can be used to solve the issue of public transport in Jeddah. This
research will employ both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection that will help
pin down the research question regarding how public transport can be used to minimize the issue
of public transport in the city of Jeddah.
Rationale and Aims of the research
Traffic congestion is a major problem in so many cities across the globe. This problem has
become an issue of concern to so many people in recent years. Studies indicate that traffic
congestion causes so many problems and illnesses such as anxiety and tension which may
develop more complex illnesses such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure especially if the
pressure and tension happen on daily basis (Aljoufie et al, 2016).
As a result of traffic congestion, quite a number of residents in the city of Jeddah are reluctant to
go shopping as well as their daily activities because of the fear of traffic. This situation is often at
its peak during various holidays such as Ramadan (Mondal, Das, Dolui, 2015).
Statistics indicate that each person spends about 400 to 1000 hours in their car every year. This is
so much time spent that could otherwise be used in doing other important issues (Aljoufie, et al,
Introduction
Jeddah is a city that is well known for its strategic location in the coast of the Red sea in the west
of Saudi Arabia. As a result of the numerous tourists that come in of the country, Jeddah is a city
that experiences so much traffic jumps and congestion. Studies conducted indicate that Jeddah
will spend about $160 million on a series on new tunnels, flyovers as well as bridges to help
reduce the issue of traffic congestion in the city. Public transport is another aspect that can be
employed to help solve the issue of traffic congestion. This research paper examines the issue of
public congestion and how it can be used to solve the issue of public transport in Jeddah. This
research will employ both qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection that will help
pin down the research question regarding how public transport can be used to minimize the issue
of public transport in the city of Jeddah.
Rationale and Aims of the research
Traffic congestion is a major problem in so many cities across the globe. This problem has
become an issue of concern to so many people in recent years. Studies indicate that traffic
congestion causes so many problems and illnesses such as anxiety and tension which may
develop more complex illnesses such as diabetes and/or high blood pressure especially if the
pressure and tension happen on daily basis (Aljoufie et al, 2016).
As a result of traffic congestion, quite a number of residents in the city of Jeddah are reluctant to
go shopping as well as their daily activities because of the fear of traffic. This situation is often at
its peak during various holidays such as Ramadan (Mondal, Das, Dolui, 2015).
Statistics indicate that each person spends about 400 to 1000 hours in their car every year. This is
so much time spent that could otherwise be used in doing other important issues (Aljoufie, et al,
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Sociology
2013). The situation in Jeddah is worsening each and every day because of various reasons such
as an increase in population, which in turn results in increased cars. There is a need to address
the issue of traffic congestion in Jeddah. The solutions that need to be proposed should be
diverse in nature and should be in a position to address the situation (Mehmood et al, 2017) One
solution that could be proposed to address the issue of traffic congestion in Jeddah is the
introduction of public transport such as the use of metros and buses in Jeddah. Another possible
solution that could be used to address the issue of traffic congestion in Jeddah is the idea of
eliminating traffic islands in the middle of most streets in the city so as to provide space to
construct more lanes that could allocate the metros and buses. There could also be an
introduction of a park and ride system where cars and other vehicles could park and people
would make efforts to catch a bus or a metro to take them there (DeNicola et al, 2016).
Moreover, personal efforts could also be made by the residents if Jeddah as well as other road
cities in Jeddah so as to reduce road congestion and traffic jumps in the city. Some of the
personal initiatives that could be taken to reduce the problem of traffic congestion involve
avoiding peak times. Peak times in the city of Jeddah often occur during the evening and early in
the morning.
The traffic department in Jeddah has failed at a very great extent towards managing traffic on
most roads in Jeddah, most of the roads in Jeddah are chaotic. So many road users are
complaining about the situation in Jeddah both foreign road users as well as international road
users. Most of the roads such as the Amir Majed Road, Makrouna Road, Madinah Road, and
King Abdulaziz have so many branches, in the midst of these branches, there are numerous
concrete blocks that obstruct most of the exits.
2013). The situation in Jeddah is worsening each and every day because of various reasons such
as an increase in population, which in turn results in increased cars. There is a need to address
the issue of traffic congestion in Jeddah. The solutions that need to be proposed should be
diverse in nature and should be in a position to address the situation (Mehmood et al, 2017) One
solution that could be proposed to address the issue of traffic congestion in Jeddah is the
introduction of public transport such as the use of metros and buses in Jeddah. Another possible
solution that could be used to address the issue of traffic congestion in Jeddah is the idea of
eliminating traffic islands in the middle of most streets in the city so as to provide space to
construct more lanes that could allocate the metros and buses. There could also be an
introduction of a park and ride system where cars and other vehicles could park and people
would make efforts to catch a bus or a metro to take them there (DeNicola et al, 2016).
Moreover, personal efforts could also be made by the residents if Jeddah as well as other road
cities in Jeddah so as to reduce road congestion and traffic jumps in the city. Some of the
personal initiatives that could be taken to reduce the problem of traffic congestion involve
avoiding peak times. Peak times in the city of Jeddah often occur during the evening and early in
the morning.
The traffic department in Jeddah has failed at a very great extent towards managing traffic on
most roads in Jeddah, most of the roads in Jeddah are chaotic. So many road users are
complaining about the situation in Jeddah both foreign road users as well as international road
users. Most of the roads such as the Amir Majed Road, Makrouna Road, Madinah Road, and
King Abdulaziz have so many branches, in the midst of these branches, there are numerous
concrete blocks that obstruct most of the exits.

Sociology
The aim of this research is to address the issue of traffic congestion and jumps in the city of
Jeddah. It’s specifically going to address how public transport can be used as a tool towards
addressing the issue of traffic jumps and congestion in the city of Jeddah.
This research is very essential as it provides an analysis on one of the actions that can be taken to
reduce the problem of traffic congestion is not only Jeddah but also other cities across the globe.
A reduction in traffic congestion has numerous advantages. Some of the advantages that are
associated with reduced traffic congestion are outlined below;
Reduced traffic jumps and congestions in the cities reduces noise pollution. Major cities and
towns that are often affected by the issue of traffic jumps and congestion often suffer from noise
pollution as a result of the many automobiles in the cities. When the issue of traffic congestion is
dealt with, noise pollution is reduced.
A reduction in traffic jumps and congestion also improves the quality of air around major cities
and towns. Traffic jumps and congestions often reduce the quality of air around cities and towns
because of the excessive emission of air and other pollutants.
Statistics indicate that traffic congestion and jumps often causes accidents. Most of the accidents
that do happen in major cities and towns are attributed to the issue of traffic jumps and
congestion. A reduction of traffic jumps and congestion, therefore, reduces accidents by at least
13% (Oses Rojí Cuadrado, Larrauri, 2015).
Moreover, a reduction in traffic congestion also reduces greenhouse gas emission into the
atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are could be really toxic and harmful to the environment as well
as human health. Some of the commonly known greenhouses gasses such as nitrogen dioxide
and sulfur dioxide cause issues such as global warming.
The aim of this research is to address the issue of traffic congestion and jumps in the city of
Jeddah. It’s specifically going to address how public transport can be used as a tool towards
addressing the issue of traffic jumps and congestion in the city of Jeddah.
This research is very essential as it provides an analysis on one of the actions that can be taken to
reduce the problem of traffic congestion is not only Jeddah but also other cities across the globe.
A reduction in traffic congestion has numerous advantages. Some of the advantages that are
associated with reduced traffic congestion are outlined below;
Reduced traffic jumps and congestions in the cities reduces noise pollution. Major cities and
towns that are often affected by the issue of traffic jumps and congestion often suffer from noise
pollution as a result of the many automobiles in the cities. When the issue of traffic congestion is
dealt with, noise pollution is reduced.
A reduction in traffic jumps and congestion also improves the quality of air around major cities
and towns. Traffic jumps and congestions often reduce the quality of air around cities and towns
because of the excessive emission of air and other pollutants.
Statistics indicate that traffic congestion and jumps often causes accidents. Most of the accidents
that do happen in major cities and towns are attributed to the issue of traffic jumps and
congestion. A reduction of traffic jumps and congestion, therefore, reduces accidents by at least
13% (Oses Rojí Cuadrado, Larrauri, 2015).
Moreover, a reduction in traffic congestion also reduces greenhouse gas emission into the
atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are could be really toxic and harmful to the environment as well
as human health. Some of the commonly known greenhouses gasses such as nitrogen dioxide
and sulfur dioxide cause issues such as global warming.
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Sociology
Literature Review
Traffic congestion is an issue that has been a challenge for quite some time now. Traffic
congestion simply refers to a situation where there are more vehicles that try to use a certain road
facility more that it can actually handle. Statistics indicate that there are two parameters that
reattributed to the cause of congestion in major cities. These two parameters are a balance
between the supply and demand of road space. According to various scholars and other
academicians, increase use of public transport is one of the best ways of reducing traffic
congestions.
Studies conducted have shown that public transport plays a very crucial role in reducing traffic
congestions and public jumps. It is important to note that there are certain cases and places where
public transport has not been the solution to the enormous congestion that has been experienced
in most of the roads in various places around the globe especially in major cities.
According to the studies conducted, motor vehicles so much space per traveler in public roads.
As a result of this, a small number of motorists and people on vehicles can easily cover up and/or
fill a road which eventually results in traffic congestion. This has been the reason as to why most
major cities have been experiencing the problem of traffic congestion (Pane et al, 2013). This is
not often because there are so many people on the roads but rather because of the many vehicles
that are present in the city streets. Statistics indicate that only 40 motorists are capable of causing
a traffic jump in a city. In addition to this, technology can also be blamed for the increased levels
of public jumps in the cities. As a direct consequence of technology, there has been an increased
number of single occupant vehicles (SOVs) in the cities. It only takes a small number of single
occupant vehicles to cause so much traffic congestions in the cities.
Literature Review
Traffic congestion is an issue that has been a challenge for quite some time now. Traffic
congestion simply refers to a situation where there are more vehicles that try to use a certain road
facility more that it can actually handle. Statistics indicate that there are two parameters that
reattributed to the cause of congestion in major cities. These two parameters are a balance
between the supply and demand of road space. According to various scholars and other
academicians, increase use of public transport is one of the best ways of reducing traffic
congestions.
Studies conducted have shown that public transport plays a very crucial role in reducing traffic
congestions and public jumps. It is important to note that there are certain cases and places where
public transport has not been the solution to the enormous congestion that has been experienced
in most of the roads in various places around the globe especially in major cities.
According to the studies conducted, motor vehicles so much space per traveler in public roads.
As a result of this, a small number of motorists and people on vehicles can easily cover up and/or
fill a road which eventually results in traffic congestion. This has been the reason as to why most
major cities have been experiencing the problem of traffic congestion (Pane et al, 2013). This is
not often because there are so many people on the roads but rather because of the many vehicles
that are present in the city streets. Statistics indicate that only 40 motorists are capable of causing
a traffic jump in a city. In addition to this, technology can also be blamed for the increased levels
of public jumps in the cities. As a direct consequence of technology, there has been an increased
number of single occupant vehicles (SOVs) in the cities. It only takes a small number of single
occupant vehicles to cause so much traffic congestions in the cities.
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Sociology
Traffic congestion is an issue that has been a challenge for quite some time now. Various means
have been proposed on how to deal with the issue of traffic transport such as the increased use of
public transport. Public transport is one way in which traffic congestion can be reduced in the
cities. There are, however, certain exclusive ways and/or methods with which public transport
can be used to reduce public transport. When these methods are implemented then it is very
possible that public transport can be reduced.
Some of the techniques that could be adapted to facilitate traffic congestion in public transport
are outlined below;
First and foremost, there is a need to provide exclusive lanes for public transport. Exclusive lanes
enable buses as well as trams to avoid congestion (Momani & Fadil, 2013). This is so because
these exclusive lanes provide a way with which buses and trams can increase their speed without
any problem and/or fear of causing congestion. There has, however, been concerns on the issue
of exclusive lanes. It is believed that exclusive lanes take space that could otherwise be used by
private vehicles.
Secondly, the use of regulations and traffic engineering is another technique that can be adopted
to help reduce the issue of traffic congestion in the cities and other major towns (Al-Enazi,
2016). As we all know public transport can be really challenging but through the adaptation of
regulations and traffic engineering then there is no doubt that traffic congestion will be reduced.
These regulations involve adding various restrictions that would play a very vital role in reducing
traffic congestion, some of the common traffic regulations that could be adopted are outlined
below;
Traffic congestion is an issue that has been a challenge for quite some time now. Various means
have been proposed on how to deal with the issue of traffic transport such as the increased use of
public transport. Public transport is one way in which traffic congestion can be reduced in the
cities. There are, however, certain exclusive ways and/or methods with which public transport
can be used to reduce public transport. When these methods are implemented then it is very
possible that public transport can be reduced.
Some of the techniques that could be adapted to facilitate traffic congestion in public transport
are outlined below;
First and foremost, there is a need to provide exclusive lanes for public transport. Exclusive lanes
enable buses as well as trams to avoid congestion (Momani & Fadil, 2013). This is so because
these exclusive lanes provide a way with which buses and trams can increase their speed without
any problem and/or fear of causing congestion. There has, however, been concerns on the issue
of exclusive lanes. It is believed that exclusive lanes take space that could otherwise be used by
private vehicles.
Secondly, the use of regulations and traffic engineering is another technique that can be adopted
to help reduce the issue of traffic congestion in the cities and other major towns (Al-Enazi,
2016). As we all know public transport can be really challenging but through the adaptation of
regulations and traffic engineering then there is no doubt that traffic congestion will be reduced.
These regulations involve adding various restrictions that would play a very vital role in reducing
traffic congestion, some of the common traffic regulations that could be adopted are outlined
below;

Sociology
a) Parking restrictions-Studies indicate that one of the major cause of traffic congestion is
the delays that are often experienced while waiting for private vehicles to maneuver in an
out of parking spaces. Upon the implementation of parking restriction, it is very clear that
such delays will be no more and public transport will be enhanced and issues of traffic
congestions will be greatly reduced (Holman, Harrison, Querol, 2015).
b) Loading restrictions- For quite some time now the issue vehicles loading on public streets
has been a challenge. Careful design of loading areas can really improve transit priority
especially for public transport and therefore reducing traffic congestions and jumps at a
really great extent.
c) Turing restriction- This restriction requires that vehicles in the cities should not be
allowed to turn anywhere along the roads. Turing restriction will pay a really vital role in
reducing traffic congestion in the cities.
Finally, another technique that can be adopted to help reduce the issue of traffic congestion in the
cities is through the use of innovative ideas that would help reduce traffic impacts on pubic
congestion. This technique involves being innovative and having a clever application of the
existing technology as well as new technology (Longo, A., Zappatore, Bochicchio, Navathe,
2017).
Clever application of the existing technology involves an application of various traffic signals
and a combination of exclusive public transport lanes. The most commonly used of these are;
queue bypasses and queue jumps (Rahman & Khondaker, 2012). It is, however, important to
note that before implementing the above-mentioned measures there should be a thorough
analysis of specific local conditions.
a) Parking restrictions-Studies indicate that one of the major cause of traffic congestion is
the delays that are often experienced while waiting for private vehicles to maneuver in an
out of parking spaces. Upon the implementation of parking restriction, it is very clear that
such delays will be no more and public transport will be enhanced and issues of traffic
congestions will be greatly reduced (Holman, Harrison, Querol, 2015).
b) Loading restrictions- For quite some time now the issue vehicles loading on public streets
has been a challenge. Careful design of loading areas can really improve transit priority
especially for public transport and therefore reducing traffic congestions and jumps at a
really great extent.
c) Turing restriction- This restriction requires that vehicles in the cities should not be
allowed to turn anywhere along the roads. Turing restriction will pay a really vital role in
reducing traffic congestion in the cities.
Finally, another technique that can be adopted to help reduce the issue of traffic congestion in the
cities is through the use of innovative ideas that would help reduce traffic impacts on pubic
congestion. This technique involves being innovative and having a clever application of the
existing technology as well as new technology (Longo, A., Zappatore, Bochicchio, Navathe,
2017).
Clever application of the existing technology involves an application of various traffic signals
and a combination of exclusive public transport lanes. The most commonly used of these are;
queue bypasses and queue jumps (Rahman & Khondaker, 2012). It is, however, important to
note that before implementing the above-mentioned measures there should be a thorough
analysis of specific local conditions.
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Sociology
New technologies are also being developed to combat the issue of traffic congestion in most
cities. Some of the most recently developed technologies comprise the real-time public transport
lanes. Rea time public transport lanes are lanes that employ the use of real-time traffic control
devices such as changeable message signs. Changeable message lanes are specifically used to
clear street lanes for public transport (Currie & Shalaby, 2012).
Research Question and Scope of the project
This research seeks to access the issue of public transport in Jeddah. As mentioned earlier Jeddah
is a city that has had so many challenges in terms of traffic jumps and congestion. The situation
in Jeddah is worsening each and every day because of various reasons such as an increase in
population, which in turn results in increased cars (El & Shafik, 2016). The traffic department in
Jeddah has failed at a very great extent towards managing traffic on most roads in Jeddah, most
of the roads in Jeddah are chaotic. So many road users are complaining about the situation in
Jeddah both foreign road users as well as international road users. Most of the roads such as the
Amir Majed Road, Makrouna Road, Madinah Road, and King Abdulaziz have so many
branches, in the midst of these branches, there are numerous concrete blocks that obstruct most
of the exits.
The research question that this research seeks to answer is;
‘How Public transport reduces traffic jump by lowering dependence on vehicles for mobility?’
In addition to this, there will be an analysis of;
Whether or not public transport will be appropriate in Jeddah
New technologies are also being developed to combat the issue of traffic congestion in most
cities. Some of the most recently developed technologies comprise the real-time public transport
lanes. Rea time public transport lanes are lanes that employ the use of real-time traffic control
devices such as changeable message signs. Changeable message lanes are specifically used to
clear street lanes for public transport (Currie & Shalaby, 2012).
Research Question and Scope of the project
This research seeks to access the issue of public transport in Jeddah. As mentioned earlier Jeddah
is a city that has had so many challenges in terms of traffic jumps and congestion. The situation
in Jeddah is worsening each and every day because of various reasons such as an increase in
population, which in turn results in increased cars (El & Shafik, 2016). The traffic department in
Jeddah has failed at a very great extent towards managing traffic on most roads in Jeddah, most
of the roads in Jeddah are chaotic. So many road users are complaining about the situation in
Jeddah both foreign road users as well as international road users. Most of the roads such as the
Amir Majed Road, Makrouna Road, Madinah Road, and King Abdulaziz have so many
branches, in the midst of these branches, there are numerous concrete blocks that obstruct most
of the exits.
The research question that this research seeks to answer is;
‘How Public transport reduces traffic jump by lowering dependence on vehicles for mobility?’
In addition to this, there will be an analysis of;
Whether or not public transport will be appropriate in Jeddah
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Sociology
How public transport can reduce pollution that has currently been witnessed because of the issue
of so many automobiles
How public transport can benefit the city of Jeddah in general
Methodology
This research is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative. As a result of this, various
methods will be used for data collection. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data
collection will be used so as to pin down the research question which seeks to determine how
public transport reduces traffic jumps in Jeddah by lowering on vehicles for mobility (Al-
Fouzan, 2012).
The qualitative methods that will be used with the aim to determine the trends and current issues
in the issue of public transport in Jeddah. Some of the qualitative techniques of data collection
that will be used comprise of; observations, and textual and/or visual analysis. These will be
obtained from various scholarly books and articles that have been used to examine the issue of
public transport in Jeddah.
Quantitative methods of data collection will also be widely used in this research. Some of the
qualitative techniques that will be used comprise of; surveys, use of questionnaires and
interviews.
It is important to note that this research will use both qualitative and quantitative methods of data
collection with the aim of pinning down the research question. Some of these methods are
discussed below;
How public transport can reduce pollution that has currently been witnessed because of the issue
of so many automobiles
How public transport can benefit the city of Jeddah in general
Methodology
This research is a combination of both qualitative and quantitative. As a result of this, various
methods will be used for data collection. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of data
collection will be used so as to pin down the research question which seeks to determine how
public transport reduces traffic jumps in Jeddah by lowering on vehicles for mobility (Al-
Fouzan, 2012).
The qualitative methods that will be used with the aim to determine the trends and current issues
in the issue of public transport in Jeddah. Some of the qualitative techniques of data collection
that will be used comprise of; observations, and textual and/or visual analysis. These will be
obtained from various scholarly books and articles that have been used to examine the issue of
public transport in Jeddah.
Quantitative methods of data collection will also be widely used in this research. Some of the
qualitative techniques that will be used comprise of; surveys, use of questionnaires and
interviews.
It is important to note that this research will use both qualitative and quantitative methods of data
collection with the aim of pinning down the research question. Some of these methods are
discussed below;

Sociology
Interviews-Interviews is a very important method of data collection that will be employed in this
research. It is also important to note that this method of data collection will be used because of
some of the advantages that it's associated with (Aljoufie, 2014). As mentioned earlier, the
research seeks to determine how public transport reduces traffic jumps in Jeddah by lowering on
vehicles for mobility. In regard to this, various stakeholders concerned with the issue of transport
especially government officials, drivers, and passengers will be interviewed. It is expected that
these people will provide useful information regarding the issue of traffic congestion and jumps
on various roads in Jeddah. In addition to this, this method of data collection will be used
because of the numerous advantages that are associated with it. For instance, interviews are often
used in situations where personalized information is needed (Omidvarborna, Baawain, Al-
Mamun, 2018). For this case, personalized information is needed. The interviews will be
conducted with the aim of obtaining personal information and thoughts about how people feel
regarding whether or not public transport can reduce cases of traffic jumps and congestion in
Jeddah (Ducruet & Notteboom, 2012).
It is also important to note that various methods of interviews will be used. Some of the common
interview methods that will be used are; telephone interviews and face to face interviews. It is
expected that face to face interviews with the best method in terms of the quality of information
that it will deliver (Aljoufie, 2015).
Use of questionnaires- Use of questionnaires is a very important technique that is often used in
data collection. It’s a data collection method that involves a certain target a series of oral or
Interviews-Interviews is a very important method of data collection that will be employed in this
research. It is also important to note that this method of data collection will be used because of
some of the advantages that it's associated with (Aljoufie, 2014). As mentioned earlier, the
research seeks to determine how public transport reduces traffic jumps in Jeddah by lowering on
vehicles for mobility. In regard to this, various stakeholders concerned with the issue of transport
especially government officials, drivers, and passengers will be interviewed. It is expected that
these people will provide useful information regarding the issue of traffic congestion and jumps
on various roads in Jeddah. In addition to this, this method of data collection will be used
because of the numerous advantages that are associated with it. For instance, interviews are often
used in situations where personalized information is needed (Omidvarborna, Baawain, Al-
Mamun, 2018). For this case, personalized information is needed. The interviews will be
conducted with the aim of obtaining personal information and thoughts about how people feel
regarding whether or not public transport can reduce cases of traffic jumps and congestion in
Jeddah (Ducruet & Notteboom, 2012).
It is also important to note that various methods of interviews will be used. Some of the common
interview methods that will be used are; telephone interviews and face to face interviews. It is
expected that face to face interviews with the best method in terms of the quality of information
that it will deliver (Aljoufie, 2015).
Use of questionnaires- Use of questionnaires is a very important technique that is often used in
data collection. It’s a data collection method that involves a certain target a series of oral or
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