Internet Use Survey: Undergraduate, Graduate, Punjab University

This report presents the results of a survey conducted at the University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan, investigating the Internet use behavior of its undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate students. The study reveals that students primarily utilize the Internet for course-related reading and research, with many being new users who access the Internet at the university library's digital lab, their departments, and at home. The survey indicates that students often learn Internet skills independently or with peer assistance, without formal training. Ease of work and time-saving are the primary motivations for Internet use. Google and Yahoo are the most popular search engine and email service, respectively. The report recommends that the university should provide training programs for students to enhance their Internet usage skills. The report also provides background information on the growth of internet access in Pakistan, the university's infrastructure, and a review of relevant international and national literature on internet use among students. The survey highlights the impact of the internet on students' academic and social routines, including its role in communication, research, and access to library resources.

Internet Use Among University Students:
A Survey in University of the Punjab, Lahore
Sakina Bashir*
Khalid Mahmood**
Farzana Shafique***
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a survey of the
undergraduate,graduate and post graduate students of the
University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. The objective of the
study was to explore the Internet use behavior of students. The
results show that most of the students use this technology for
course related reading and research needs. They are new users of
the Internet. They use it at the University Library’s Digital Lab Unit
as well as their departments and homes. A large number of them
have learnt to use the Internet tools by themselves, or relying on
assistance from friends without attendingany formal training
programs. Ease of work and time saving are the reasons of
Internet use among universitystudents. Google as a search
engine and Yahoo as an email service are the most popular
among students. The paper recommendsthat the university
authoritiesshould arrange trainingprograms for the students’
Internet use.
Keyword: Internet; Students; User studies; University of the
Punjab.
* Librarian, Beaconhouse School System, Johar Town, Lahore.
Email: [e-mail]
** Professor & Chairman, Department of Library and Information Science,
University of the Punjab, Lahore. Email: [e-mail]
*** Lecturer, Department of Library and Information Science, Islamia
University of Bahawalpur. Email: [e-mail]
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Internet Use Among University Students
Background of the Study
Internet use is spreading rapidly into daily life, and directly
affecting people’s ideas and behavior. Internet has an impact in
many areas including the higher education system. Internet
heralded the developmentand implementationof new and
innovativeteaching strategiesin higher education institutions.
Educators who advocate technology integration in the learning
process believe it will improve learning and prepare students to
effectively participate in the 21st century workplace. Internet use
has become a way of life for the majority of higher education
students all around the world. For most college students the
Internet is a functional tool, one that has greatly changed the way
they interact with others and with information as they go about
their studies. They use computers to accomplish a wide range of
academic tasks. Many students prepare course assignments,
make study notes, tutor themselves with specialized multimedia,
and process data for research projects. Most exchange emails
with faculty, peers, and remote experts. They keep up to-date in
their fields on the Internet, accessing newsgroups, bulletin boards,
listservs, and web sites posted by professionalorganizations.
Most access library catalogs, bibliographic databases, and other
academic resources in text, graphics, and imagery on the World
Wide Web (Asan & Koca, 2006). Usun (2003) mentioned that
Internet is appealing to higher education for a number of reasons:
it reduces the time lag between the production and utilization of
knowledge; it promotes international co-operation and exchange
of opinions; it furthers the sharing of information; and it promotes
multidisciplinary research.
In Pakistan, the Internet came for the first time in 1995
when Digicom launched an Internet service in Karachi. This
service was connected to the global Internet by a 64 Kbps line. In
1996, the PakNet data network, operated by Pakistan
Telecommunication Company Limited (PTCL), was upgraded to
provide Internet services as well. PakNet was connected to the
global Internet via a total of 512 Kbps. By mid-1997, nine ISPs
were operational, offering services in five cities to approximately
25,000 subscribers. PTCL also offered Internet service in 10 cities
50

Sakina Bashir, Khalid Mahmood & Farzana Shafique
to approximately 8,500 subscribers. A multitude of Internet service
providers emerged quickly following the introduction of Internet
service in 1995 (Wolcott & Goodman, 2000).
During recent years, a dramaticgrowth in the use of
Internet has been witnessed in Pakistan. The prices of Personal
Computers (PCs) have decreased substantially and now more
people have PCs at their homes. Therefore, cheaply available
Internet cards are used by the people to connect to the Internet at
their residences, etc. Internet cards are available as low as Rs. 2.5
per hour. There were 12 million Internet users (7.2% of the
population) by the end of 2006. By early 2006 Internet penetration
remained low. But the numbers are growing. Broadband access is
now available in the major cities (Internet World Stats, 2007). Also
wireless broadband Internet has been introduced by the WLL
(Wireless Local Loop) Networks in many major cities. In January
2007, Pakistan TelecommunicationAuthorityreportedover 12
million internet users, however the low bandwidth is a concern for
most. Most Pakistani companies, and government departments
maintain web sites which have further increased the demand for
internet (Wikipedia, 2007). The Internet facility is available in 1898
cities in Pakistan, of which 1166 cities are in Punjab Province, 202
in Sindh Province, 420 in NWFP, while 110 are in Baluchistan
Province. PTCL has now launched Universal Internet Number, the
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) can, therefore, subscribe this
highly effective service and send to their customers a strong
message of care and service excellence (Pakistan
Telecommunication Company, 2007).
University of the Punjab, established in 1982 at Lahore, is
the oldest and largest university in Pakistan. It comprises of four
campuses, 13 faculties, nine constituent colleges, 64 departments,
canters, institutes, and 412 affiliated colleges. It has 623
permanent faculty members involved in teaching and research and
over 24000 on campus students. Access to the Internet is
provided at various access points in the University, such as the
campus libraries and computerlaboratories.Members of the
university community can access the facility through those points
and /or from their departments. As availability of Internet access
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Internet Use Among University Students
and media coverage increases, significant new demands have
been placed on libraries to provide training Punjab University was
the first public university to lay 6KM fiber Optic Cable Network in
2001. There were only 33 computers in 1999, but today there are
over 3800 Pentium III and IV computers. All departments have
their computer labs. Bandwidth has been increased from 64KB to
7MB and the network has now grown to over 28 Km, which is the
largest amongst the universities of Pakistan. Students and staff of
the university, through the Higher Education Commission (HEC)
Digital Library, can access to the wide range of journal databases
in various academic disciplines. Such access provides full text
journal articles, abstracting and indexing services (University of
the Punjab, 2007). The University has established a Digital Lab
Unit at its Central Library with 66 Internet nodes and about 2900
registered members. The students can use Internet facility
provided by this Lab free of cost (Shafiq-ur-Rehman et al., 2006).
Literature on the Internet Use Among Students
Internationally, there are many surveys on the use of the
Internet, and nearly all find that Internet use is most prevalent
amongst younger, more educated people (Hoffman, Novak &
Schlosser, 2000). Korgen, Odell, and Schumacher (2001)
investigated Internet use among students, focusing on whether or
not there are differences by race/ethnicity. They reported that use
is affected by presence or absence of a computer in the home of
origin. Bao (1998) surveyed Internet use at Seton Hall University.
The findings reported that 40.2% of respondents used the Web on
a daily basis, 38.3% weekly, and 10.7% on a monthly basis. About
10% respondents said they seldom or never used the Internet. It
was also discovered that students and faculty searched the
Internet for information related to both their academic (83.2%) and
nonacademic studies (73.8%). Stern’s (2002) study was on the
information competence of incoming students into universities and
how they use the Internet for general and academic research.
A survey of a large Australian university by Foster (2000)
revealed that 88% students used Internet for course related
research. Eighty percent students used Internet at their homes
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Sakina Bashir, Khalid Mahmood & Farzana Shafique
followed by computer labs at the campus. Most of the students
admitted that they learnt using Internet by themselves or through
family and friends. Odell, Korgen, Schumcher and Delucchi (2000)
studied Internet use among female and male college students at
institutions of higher learning in Georgia, Hawaii, New Jersey,
Massachusetts and Rhode Island. They found that while the gap in
use of the Internet has nearly closed, there remain differences in
how male and female undergraduates use the Internet. Tadasad,
Maheswarapp and Alur (2003) studied Internet use at PDA
College of Engineering,Gulbarga. Their observationwas that
Internet use is confined to general or recreational purposes, and
that its potential in supporting curricular requirements has not
been realized by students. Jones and Madden (2002) examined
the Internet’simpact on college students’daily lives, and to
determine the impact of that use on their academic and social
routines. Surveys were randomly distributed to college students at
a wide range of two-year and four-year public and private colleges
and universities in the continental United States. Many students
indicated that the Internet played an importantrole in their
education, with 79% reporting the Internet has had an impact on
their college experience. College students describe the Internet as
a functional tool that helps them to communicate with professors,
do research, and access library materials. Seventy-three percent
of college students statethat they use the Internetmore for
information searches than they do a campus library.
In a survey of Internet usage of the students of an
American agricultural college, Rhoades et al. (2007) found that
most of them used Internet at their homes and used a search
engine when online. The majority of students tended to indicate
seeing the Internet as good, easy to understand,important,
beneficial, believable, credible, and accurate. In a study of Omani
university students, Asan and Koca (2006) found that majority of
the students had positive attitudesand they concentratedon
positive and consciousness about Internet. Great percentage of
students was thinking that Internet is a universal digital library,
provides easy life, and is a fastest way to reach knowledge. A
study of the students of a Nigerian university by Anunobi (2006)
revealed that 81% used Internet for academic purposes as
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Internet Use Among University Students
compared to 15% who used it for entertainment purposes. A
survey of the Indian medical students by Sharma, et al. (2006)
revealed that above 80% used Internet to get information or for
research work. Most of them preferred Internet because they
perceived it a source of latest knowledge. A large majority used
Google search engine. In a study, conducted by Hong, Ridzuan
and Kuek (2003), Malaysian university students showed a positive
attitude toward using the Internet as a teaching and learning tool.
Very few studies have been conducted on this topic in
Pakistan. Only two surveys can be reported here. Rajani and
Chandio (2004) surveyed a sample taken from Pakistani teens,
adults and senior citizens of different professions like teachers,
doctors, students, organizers, employed and unemployed both
males and females. The results suggest that majority of the users
agreed with the potential of the Internet as informative source for
general public and realize the effort involved in effectively utilizing
this valuable resource. The study also revealed that the students
used the Internet for educational purposes. Suhail and Bargees
(2006) surveyed the Internet use pattern of 200 undergraduate
students studying at the Government College University, Lahore.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the positive and
negative effects of excessive Internet use on undergraduate
students. It was found that that most of the students used Internet
for enhancing their academic skills and achievements. Majority of
the students reported positive than negative effects of Internet
use. The results indicated that a great majority of the students
(84%) found the Internet helpful for worldwide communication;
78% reported that Internet use actually helped improving their
grades; 74% agreed that their reading, writing and information
processing skills had expanded by using the Internet. Another
48% reported that they had become better students by using the
Internet.
Objective and Methodology
The objective of this study was to explore the Internet use
behavior of students of the University of the Punjab. To achieve
54

Sakina Bashir, Khalid Mahmood & Farzana Shafique
this goal a questionnaire survey was conducted. A data collection
instrument was developed based on the review of literature. The
population of the study was registered users of the Digital Lab Unit
at Punjab University Library, out of which a sample of 300 users
was chosen and “Accidental Sampling” technique was employed
for distributingthe questionnaire.The principal author made
various visits to the Digital Lab Unit to collect data. The responses
from the sample were analyzed quantitatively with the help of
SPSS software package.
Analysis of Data
General information about respondents
According to the collected data, 165 respondents (55%)
were female, and 135 (45%) were male. The students were
studying in different faculties (Table 1). Seventeen (6%) were
studying in arts and humanities, the students of social sciences
were 177 (59%) while 106 (35%) were in science and technology.
Table 1. Respondents’ faculties
Faculties Frequency Percent
Social Sciences 177 59
Science and Technology 106 35
Arts and Humanities 17 6
Table 2. Respondents’ programs of study
Programs Frequency Percent
Master 244 81
Undergraduate 47 16
MPhil/PhD 9 3
The respondentswere studying in different programs
(Table 2). The results show that one 244 students (81%) were
studying in master programs, 47 (16%) were at undergraduate
level and nine (3%) were doing MPhil and PhD.
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Internet Use Among University Students
Experience as Internet user
The students asked about the period, since they had been
using Internet. The responses varied between up to one year to
nine years (Table 3). The analysis shows that 64 students’ (21%)
period of Internet use was up to one year. Seventy-three (24%)
students had two year experience, while 36 (12%) had three year
and 38 (13%) had four year experience of using Internet. Eighty-
nine (30%) were using Internet for five or more years.
Table 3. Respondents’ experience as Internet user
Period Frequency Percent
Up to 1 year 64 21
2 years 73 24
3 years 36 12
4 years 38 13
5 years or more 89 30
Places of Internet use
The respondents were asked to mention the place where
they were using Internet. As the sample was selected among the
registered users of the Digital Lab Unit o the Punjab University
Library, all of the respondents were using Internet at this Lab.
Table 4. Places of Internet use
Place Frequency Percent
Punjab University Library 300 100
Home 171 57
Department 162 54
Internet café 66 22
Friend’s / relative’s home 31 10
Office 24 8
Any other 23 8
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Sakina Bashir, Khalid Mahmood & Farzana Shafique
One hundred and seventy one respondents (57%) were
using Internet at their homes, 162 respondents (54%) answered
that they were using it at their departments, 24 students (8%) were
using it at their offices, 31 (10%) responded that they were using it
at their friends’ and relatives’ homes (10.5%), 66 users (22%)
were using it at Internet cafés, 23 users (8%) mentioned other
places where they were using Internet, i.e. neighborhood,
language institution, etc. Frequency distribution is presented in
Table 4.
Frequency of Internet use
The students were asked to mention how often they used
Internet. The results (Table 5) reveal that daily users were 93
(31%) while 141 users (47%) were using Internet 2-3 days in a
week, 16 users (5.5%) were using it fortnightly, 21 users (7%)
were using it once a month and 34 (11.5%) were using it rarely.
Table 5. Frequency of Internet use
Internet use Frequency Percent
Daily 93 31
2-3 days in week 141 47
Fortnightly 16 5
Once a month 21 7
Rarely 34 11
Sources of Internet training
The students were asked to mention the sources from
where they acquired skills to use Internet. One hundred and forty-
eight users (49%) mentioned that they learnt skills by themselves.
One hundred and sixteen users (39%) revealed that they got
training from their friends, 56 users (19%) mentioned that they
learnt it through training programs, 40 users (13.5%) mentioned
that they learnt it from their teachers, 33 users (11%)) got training
from the staff of the Internet Lab, 15 users (5%) mentioned that
they learnt it from their relatives, 14 users (4.5%) learnt it from
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Internet Use Among University Students
other sources, i.e., family members, colleagues and through
computer books. Frequency distribution is presented in Table 6.
Table 6. Sources of training of users
Sources of training Frequency Percent
Self taught 148 49
From friends 116 39
By attending training programs 56 19
From teacher 40 13
Staff of PUL lab 33 11
From relative 15 5
From any other source 14 5
Reasons for Internet use
The students were asked to mention the reasons for using
Internet. One hundred and ninety users (63.%) mentioned that
they were using Internet for preparing class assignments, 135
users (45%) were using it for assistance in their research projects,
100 users (33%) pointed out that they were using it to update their
knowledge,96 users (32%) were using it for communication
purposes, 72 users (24%) mentioned that they were using it for
entertainment, 51 users (17%) were using it for the examination
preparation, 49 users (16%) were using it for reading news, 36
users (12%) mentionedthat they were using it to download
software, 31 users (10%) were using it for their specific purposes
such as online job searching & application, spending leisure time,
chatting,for presentations, projects and notes, communities,
poetry reading, career development,to know about latest
developments,to know about internationalpolitical & global
affairs, and sports updates, while 13 users(4) were using it for
purchasing items. Frequency distribution is presented in table 7.
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Sakina Bashir, Khalid Mahmood & Farzana Shafique
Table 7. Reasons for Internet use
Reason for Internet use Frequency Percent
To prepare class assignment 190 63
For research projects 135 45
To update knowledge 100 33
For communication 96 32
For entertainment 72 24
To prepare for examinations 51 17
To read news 49 16
To download software 36 12
For other reasons 31 10
To purchase items 13 4
Appealing features of Internet
The students were asked to mention the appealing
features of the Internet. One hundred and thirty two respondents
(44%) mentioned that ‘Ease of working’ was the most appealing
feature of the Internet, 128 (43%) mentioned ‘Time saving’ as
appealing feature, 106 (35) pointed out ‘Searching tools’, 44 (15%)
mentioned ‘Authenticityof information’,31 (10%) mentioned
‘Internet graphics’, 30 users (10%) mentioned other features such
as ‘up to date information’, ‘availability of knowledge at any time’,
‘humorous information’, ‘improvement of knowledge through it’,
‘entertainment’, ‘enormous range of knowledge’, ‘full text articles’,
‘magical communicationaccess’, ‘latest research’, ‘key word
searching facility’, and ‘e-mail service.’ Frequency distribution is
shown in Table 8.
Search engines
The respondents were asked to mention which search
engines they were using to get required information. Two hundred
and sixty nine students (90%) mentioned that mostly they were
using Google for searching, 133 (44%) were using Yahoo, 67
(22%) were using MSN, 29 (10%) mentioned that they were using
Alta Vista for searching information and 10 respondents (3%)
revealed that they were using Info-seek. Fifty-four (18%)
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Internet Use Among University Students
mentionedother web sites such as Ask, Maama, Wikipedia,
Findfast, Search, Encarta, Sciencedirect,ICQ, Encyclopedia,
Freedictionary,Answer, Scopus, Cisco, and Freepatentonline.
Frequency distribution is presented in Table 9.
Table 8. Appealing features of Internet
Features Frequency Percent
Ease of work 132 44
Time saving 128 43
Searching tools 106 35
Authenticity of information 44 15
Internet graphics 31 10
Other features 30 10
Table 9. Use of search engines
Search Engine Frequency Percent
Google 269 90
Yahoo 133 44
MSN 67 22
AltaVista 29 10
Info-seek 10 3
Other search engines 54 18
E-mail service
The students were asked to mention which Internet based
e-mail services they were using. Two hundred and thirty users
(77%) mentioned ‘Yahoo’ e-mail service, 180 respondents (60%)
were using ‘Hotmail’, 48 users (16%) were using ‘G-mail’, while 10
users (3%) mentioned other e-mail services such as orkut.com,
etc. Results are shown in Table 10.
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Sakina Bashir, Khalid Mahmood & Farzana Shafique
Table 10. Internet based e-mail services
E-mail services Frequency Percent
Yahoo 230 77
Hotmail 180 60
G-mail 48 16
Other 10 3
Use of HEC Digital Library
The students were asked to mention if they were using
HEC (Higher Education Commission) Digital Library to access
scholarly journals, articles and references.One hundred and
ninety-six users (65%) mentioned that they were using HEC digital
library for this purpose.
Discussion and Recommendations
The results of this study resemble those of many studies
previously conducted in other countries. Like other developing
nations, proliferation of the Internet is a new phenomenon in
Pakistan. Its use has become common in academic quarters very
recently. Most of the university students have started the use of
Internet since last one to two years. In addition to a central Internet
lab the students have Internet access in their departments. From
these figures, the most significant trend is the large percentage of
students who have access to the Internet from home. It shows the
ability of university students to purchase computers and Internet
accessibility. Internet cafés also have a significant market share
but after university and homes. Most of the students of a Pakistani
university use Internet two to three times in a week as compared
to daily use in advanced countries.The reason may be the
unavailability and unfamiliarity of the Internet among Pakistani
students. A large number of them have learnt to use the Internet
tools by themselves, or relying on assistance from friends. A small
number have attended training programs or sought help from staff.
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Internet Use Among University Students
The survey clearly shows that students are making use of
the Internet for course related reading and research needs. Only
one-fourth students use it for entertainment purpose. This trend is
opposite to a general perception of the Internet use in Pakistan
which is attributed to entertainment. Ease of work and time saving
are the reasons of Internet use among universitystudents.
Authenticity of information on the Internet could attract only a small
number of students.
The results on the popularity of search engines among
Pakistani students correspond to the global ratings (Burns, 2007).
Google is the most popular followed by Yahoo and MSN. Among
Web-based free email services Yahoo is followed by Hotmail and
G-mail. This trend is also in line with the international use statistics
(Brownlow, 2007). It is a matter of satisfaction that two-third of
university students have used the HEC digital library.
It is worth pointing out that students are less likely to go
and seek help from the library staff, support staff, or attend
Internet training classes. The universitiesin Pakistan should
arrange training programs to orientate the students and teachers
to the hidden potential of this technology. Modules on basic and
advanced searching techniques should be included in the curricula
of all departments. Teachers and staff can encourage Internet
usage among students. The trainers need special attention of the
universityauthorities.Specialized training program should be
planned for them. Academic cooperation should also be promoted
through the sharing of educational resources among Pakistani
universities. The Higher Education Commission will have to do a
lot to introduce resources it provides for universities.
As this study has shown, more students are relying on the
Internet for their academic needs than in the past; it is
recommendedthat future studies should continue to monitor
students’usage and attitudestoward the Internet. It is also
important that we study those students who are not using the
Internet in spite of efforts made by the university authorities.
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Sakina Bashir, Khalid Mahmood & Farzana Shafique
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