QAC020C152A - Object Oriented Programming: Aviation Airlines Task-B

This report provides an overview of object-oriented programming (OOP) concepts and their application in the development of an Aviation Flights application. It discusses key OOP features such as classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation, and abstraction. The report explains how these concepts were used in the Aviation Flights application, with specific examples of class design, data encapsulation, and constructor overloading. The report reflects on the advantages of using an object-oriented approach for entity-based problems and references several academic sources to support its explanations. It also includes code snippets to illustrate the implementation of OOP principles in the application.

Running head: AVIATION AIRLINES
Aviation Airlines Task-B
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

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Object Oriented Programming
Object Oriented Programming is one of the most widely used programming concept in
the modern software development industry. Through the use of object oriented programming
concepts, programmers are able to better instantiate real life instances through their programs.
Earlier, programs used to be written using the procedural programming concepts where the user
got to feed data to the system and the computer used to simply process that data and produce the
output. The User needs to be aware of the compiler’s procedures in building the program.
However, object oriented programming brings an improved state of problem solving
understandability to the table (Zakas 2015).
Instead of just falling through the codes and the occasional method calls, object oriented
programming takes a more different approach than the traditional procedural programming
languages. As indicative of the term itself, object oriented programming pressurizes more on the
use of classes and objects in solving more real life programming problems. The basic most
important features of Object Oriented Programming are as follows:
 Classes and Objects: A class can be defined as a prototype or blueprint for a set of
objects. The classes are meant to consist of the list of all data members and member
methods that the objects are to behold. An object is however a real life instance of the
class. An object can inherit all the properties from the class and represent actual entities.
Several such object can be created from a particular class and each object can be given
varying characteristic features. The member variables or data members represent the
characteristics of an object whereas the methods depict the behaviors (Khethavath 2015).
Each object can interact with other objects or with the system by accessing the internal

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methods and performing various operations. It is said that the objects interact with each
other with the help of methods.
 Inheritance: Inheritance is the object oriented programming concepts through which
objects of a class can inherit certain properties from another class. The inheriting lass is
known as a child class whereas the class that is providing them with these data are the
parent classes. This greatly helps the programmers in utilizing codes in different forms by
writing it only once. This code reusability feature reduces the space complexity of
programs and provides a faster software development process (Mezini 2013).
 Polymorphism: Polymorphism is the ability of any entity to exhibit various forms. Here
in object oriented programming, the features of polymorphism are exhibited through the
use of methods, operators and constructors. Polymorphism is generally of two types
namely static polymorphism and dynamic polymorphism. Method or constructor
overloading is an example of static polymorphism, where different methods or
constructors can exist with the same name but different functionalities. This is achieved
through the use of a varying list of arguments. The compiler can identify and sets the
method calls according to the argument list and hence this type of polymorphism is
known as static polymorphism. Method overriding is on the other hand a dynamic
binding technique where the method calls are determined at runtime. Here methods can
exist with the same name and arguments in different classes that inherit from the same
parent class, however, when an instance of the child classes is used to call these methods,
the methods of the calling object’s respective classes are called (Castagna 2012).
 Encapsulation and Abstraction: Encapsulation in object oriented programming is the
concept through which data and member methods are bundled together into a single unit

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called the class. Abstraction is the concept through which the program can hide the
unwanted details from the user and only present the essentialities. Team (2015), explains
that this helps to increase program efficiency and in turn decrease complexity as it can
conceal everything except an object’s most relevant data, hence preventing any form of
unauthorized access.
Using Object Oriented Choices
In the Aviation Flights application that was developed, the object oriented design process
helped a ton in the process. Classes were separately created for the different types of entities that
were needed for the program. The Flight class helped to uniquely create instances of the different
flights that were available for the system. The Seat class helps to create the instances of every
seat that belong to the respective flights. Each customer who enroll themselves into the system
by booking the seats on specific flights, the customer objects are created as per the customer
classes. The Home class is designed with an eye to be used as the driver class for the program.
The function of the driver class is to represent the menu interface and the base for all operations
of this console based application.
The example below shows the Customer and the Seat classes and how the individual data
members are all encapsulated within it alongside the necessary member methods.

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Furthermore, in terms of programming usability, the Object Oriented features helps to
provide data abstraction features. The methods and variables that are present within the classes
are kept private. This helps to keep these elements safe from the outside classes. The getter
methods are used as public methods which fetch individual values of the objects and provides the
same to the driver class methods for further processing. Below the code screenshot from the
Flight class shows how the data members are kept private from the outer class, however, the
public get() methods can be called to access these values. The same has been used in the other
classes as well.
Polymorphism features were also used through the likes of constructor overloading. The
customer class has two constructors, where one initialized objects for the adults and the other
initializes objects that have information regarding children, with an extra argument to signify the
guardian.
The example below shows the constructor overloading feature used by the Customer
class.

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Project Reflection
The object oriented approach as stated earlier proved to be the best way to design and
develop entity based problems such as these. I would personally prefer to use this approach every
time that the problems would require different real life modules to interact with each other. Such
cases might include a Library Management system or a Student management system and so on.

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References
Zakas, N.C., 2015. Object‐Oriented Programming. Professional Javascript® for Web
Developers, pp.173-216.
Team, S., 2015. Object-Oriented Programming.
Khethavath, P., 2015. Object Oriented Programming.
Castagna, G., 2012. Object-Oriented Programming A Unified Foundation. Springer Science &
Business Media.
Blaschek, G., 2012. Object-oriented Programming: With Prototypes. Springer Science &
Business Media.
Mezini, M., 2013. Variational Object-Oriented Programming Beyond Classes and
Inheritance (Vol. 470). Springer Science & Business Media.
Castagna, G., 2012. Object-Oriented Programming A Unified Foundation. Springer Science &
Business Media.
Bloch, J., 2016. Effective java. Pearson Education India.